Newspaper Page Text
SUNDAY MORNING.
OFFICERS IR FIE SEW FIELD SERVICE IM OF IRE UNITED SHIES.
MAJOR-GBNKTJAI. CORBIN. MA.IOU-UF.NERAR YOUNG. Fil’KT LIEUTENANT McKiNLEY.
| ESS Sell's Strength
! That It is Easily Broken is Not
Due to any Structural
Weakness.
!
ccvrcecr cg coaDcoctraociccr_■
As fragile ashnu egg shell, as easily
broken as an egg shell, are nvo popu
lar sayings, based on erroneous oliser
rntlons. It is true that an egg shell
, .
TESTING THE EGG SHELL’S STRENGTH.
is tiuite easily broken, but this is not
because of any structural weakness in
the composition of its material, but be
cause of its extremely thin walls.
Recent scientifically constructed tests,
undertaken in a spirit of curiosity, but
continued in wonderment, demon
strated that a shell not more than
thirteen one-thousandths of an inch
In thickness has astonishing strength,
■
EGG SHELL BROKEN BY INTERNAL PRES
SURE.
comparably with the best of mans
artificial products. Albert K. 'dray re
cently conducted a number of inter
esting experiments to demonstrate the
strength of empty egg shells. He made
records of the compressive strength
and the resistance of external and in
ternal pressure. The common parlor
experiment of endeavoring to break
an egg by pressing upon it lengthwise,
when held between the palms of the
bands, exemplifies the first measure of
its longitudinal resistance to pressure.
As it is well known, it takes pretty
-*
another sample of a bbeak BY in
tsrnal pressure.
strong hands to squash an egg held
jn this position. When mechanical
means are suhtituted for manual ones
the smashing pressure Is readily meas
ured,and was found to be from forty J
to seventy-live pounds, the average be- i
big nearly fifty-live pounds. This. too.
with specimen eggs taken at random.
An empty egg shell was subjected to
a test by being placed endwise on two
rubber cushions and made to support
a box into which shot was slowly
poured. The rubber pads protected the
shell from the hard contact, and this
experiment demonstrated the struc
tural strength of the shell. Greater in
genuity bail to be exercised in sub
mitting shells to internal pressure, ow
ing to the poor nature of the hen's
egg. It was necessary to render the
specimen water-tight without increas
ing its structural strength. This was
finally accomplished with the aid of a
toy balloon, which was inserted into
the shell through one of the two small
holes, and the inflation accomplished
by hollow wire. A hydraulic gauge in
dicated the pressure at the moment the
shell broke, ami eleven trials gave for
ty-four pounds per square inch as the
breaking pressure. Three specimens
withstood pressure of sixty pounds or
better.
The-most wonderful development of
strength was seen in the resistance to
external pressure. The average col
lapsing pressure of \gg shells was 515
pounds.
THE FARM
TROLLEY WAGON
Horseless Vehicle For t>he Country
Roads.
The Inventors seem to lie striving
faithfully to relieve the horse of all the
heavy balding which it has In the past
been called upon to perform, and it is
probable the day is not far distant
when pleasure drivers will be the only
ones who will find use for this animal.
The latest, idea along the lino of horse
less vehicles is the farmers’ trolley
road, which will make it possible for
the raiser of produce to come to town
with his load, dispose of it and return
home without the aid of his team, the
electric current being mode to do all
the labor, through the medium of the
HORSELESS CARRIAGE FOR THE FARMER^
apparatus shown in the Illustration.
The inventor contemplates the instal
lation of private,lines by the farmers
in a certain locality, or the rental of
electric service from one of the subur
ban trolley companies which now cover
the country around every large city.
As will be seen, an electric motor is
placed on the wagon, and power is ob
tained from the ' overhead wire, the
connecting pole having a flexible ad
justment to overcome all inequalities
in the roadway. The horizontal por
tion of the conductor is divided and
insulated, receiving the current from
one wire and returning it to the other
after it lias passed through the motor
to drive the wagon. The reason for
using a return wire parallel with the
power wire f§ to avoid possibility of
shocks to the driver when standing
beside the wagon and in contact with
it. which might prove dangerous if the
return current passed to the earl It after
use. By gearing the driving shaft low
very heavy loads could be transported
with comparatively little expense for
current, and ns there are no heavy
storage batteries or power generators
aboard there is plenty of room in the
wagon for the loading of produce, etc,
Ihtniel S. I!ergln is the inventor.
Janie# J. Mill, tin* Uallmatl Magnate.
James .1. llill is the Napoleon „/
transportation in the Northwest. Mr.
liill is one of the most picturesque
and interesting figures Unit have been
upturned by the great industrial evo
lution of tile United Stales, lie lias
created empires in railroads, but never
has a word been said of him that re
flects upon his absolute integrity in
method. Before the war "Jim” liill
used to be a “tnutl” clerk on the Mis
sissippi, but a man with Ills brains
was never destined to “check” sliip
ments for a living. Mr. Hill left his
desk and his bills of lading to go to the
war and on his return engaged himself
in tlie packet business. Through that
line he made his way Into railroading.
As an upbuilder of railroads Mr. Hill
iias no equal. The llill lines are the
best testimonial to bis constructive
and creative power. Mr. Hill's fame
had been secure on past performances,
but if his present plans are carried
out he will take rank with the greatest
of industrial generals in history.
A Klic of Waterloo Day*.
Reminiscent of the storm and stress
of Napoleonic days is the little snap
shot reproduced here. 11. shows one of
the lookout stations built l>y Napoleon
at the time when lie was contemplat
ing the invasion of England. This
particular lookout which is in a very
good state of preservation—stands on
the cliffs between Wimereux and Am
bleteuse, and on clear days England
can be distinctly seen with the naked
eye. One can imagine the watchers in
those little lowers gazing out across
the sea towards the hated land whose
laßt -
. pfign.;
Bast •. e
■
ONE OF NAPOLEON’S WATCH-TOWERS OX
THE FRENCH COAST.
vigilant fleets and hard-lighting armies
were the main obstacles to the univer
sal success of the arms of the Em
peror.—The Wide World Magazine.
THE BRUNSWICK DAILY NEWS.
LEARNED CHAT UN EGGS
UTTER READING THIS ARTICLE YOU’LL
KNOW I Hi SUBJSGT TH3ROULY.
I
’r;-r>i‘ TF:*l, lff'l !'• ■' I t Tiny. W'lilu |
(I 111- Makes OUiei- Folk* IGlic.iis li!
:i l'ity Mill'd .Viieiuioa In Not: i'aui
to Flavor,
The fluest CELLS In tie* world are those
of the quail, bui no ene likes ;o r-on
fess liaviiVL oaten iliciii. as it would be !
unsportsmanlike, writ os Yioior Smith, j
in iiis chatty way. in the Now York !
Dross. I have soon a comtiry whole
"bob white” was so plentiful as io
ho a nuisance to the farmers, ami as
no one shot the biru for food, the nosis
wore destroyed to proven!: ils natural
Increase. A dozen quail eggs would ho
a delicious meal, lu cradling wiioat j
wo often discovered nests containing
ton to fifteen eggs. and as the non
would desert those m the stubble it
was no crime to appropriate them for
the i.ible. Quail are so scarce to-day
that any one robbing a nest would go
to jail or be shot.
THE STPPXiY or EGGS.
The annual supply of eggs in the
United Btatos is said to be about S.oOi).
JOO.ODO, or more Ilian 7<>0,000,000 dozen,
and their value is equal to that of the
pr >duct of our gold and silvi r mines.
Some men eat two dozen eggs a day,
some do not out two dozen in a year.
They are supposed to render certain
folk bilious. A raw egg may be di
gested in two hours, olio soft boiled in
three hours, hard boiled in three and
one-half, fried in three and oae-half.
roasted in two and one-fourth. Did
you ever roast an egg before the Are'.'
Place on top of it a straw, and when
it is done the straw will make a hull’
revolution. A well roasted egg is a
delicious morsel. In tile days of wood
tires it was more common to roast
eggs than to boil them. Touchstone
speaks of their being •'ill-roasted, all
on one side.” and we are indebted to
Pope for these lines:
One likes the pheasant’s wing, and one
the leg;
The vulgar boil, the learned roast, an egg.
THE FLAVOR OP EGGS.
Notwithstanding the vast consump
tion of eggs, no sort ol’ attention is paid
to their flavor. One egg is supposed to
he just as good as another, so long as
both are t'resli. In most food products
We pretend to be discriminating. We
see a wonderful difference between a
game chicken and a Cochin, betweeu a
Hamburg and a Plymouth Rock, when
broiled for breakfast; bet weeu n puddle
duck and an Aylesbury, between a
bronze turkey and a Nnrrngansett, etc.,
yet. in eggs we notice hut one quality,
namely, that of soundness. We do not
notice whether the shells are white,
huff, yellow or speckled. We do not
cure whether they are laid by a Leg
horn, Dorking, Dominique, Brahma or
Black Spanish.
lawson's egg farm.
Thomas Weighandior Lawson raises
his own eggs. Ills liens being fed on
the choicest food that, money can buy,
their product is correspondingly select.
A hen fed oil onions for a few days will
impart a very distinct, onion flavor to
her eggs. It. may, therefore, he as
sumed that oilier food will affect the
taste in like manner, hence a lien that
feeds in a till by barnyard will not. lay
so good eggs as one fed on carefully
prepared grain and dough. I should
think every man able to own a farm
would raise his own eggs, as Lawson
does. However, some very rich per
sons prefer the scavenger puddle duck
to the ennvasbaek that fattens on cel
ery. There is no poorer food than duck
eggs, wild or tame, and no better than
turkey eggs, wild or tame.
ROME EGGTANA.
The man who ‘‘gets eggs for his
money” is easily imposed upon. When
goslings want to drive the geese to
pasture they are “teaching their grand
mothers to suck eggs.” to “tread upon
eggs” is to walk gingerly. An old-time
method of choosing a saddle horse for
the mother of the family was to test it
on an "egg trot,” that is, place eggs in
panniers on either side of the saddle
and urge the animal to a trot. If Hie
eggs did not break the purchase was
effected, other qualities being satis
factory. All of us have seen horses
that could trot without so much ns
addling an egg, not to mention break
ing it. Things as “like as two eggs”
are supposed to be exactly alike; which
is an error. “From the egg to the ap
ples” means the whole dinner. A “bad
egg” we are all familiar with, and oc
casionally one of us is it. There is a
“duck’s egg” in the game of cricked.
“Golden eggs” are great profits.
EGGS ON A SKEWER.
To roast an egg properly is to first
boil it, then, after removing the shell,
take out the yolk, braid it up with
spices, put it hack again, put the egg
on a skewer and roast it. If you have
not eaten an egg thus prepared you
have something to live for. It is the
best of the 240 ways of cooking an
f\r*tr *
oa*
TIIF. MUNDANE EGO.
The greatest of eggs was the “mun
dane egg.” The ITioenioiaus, Egyp
tians, Hindooos, Japanese and many
other ancient nations maintained that
the world was hatched from an egg
made by the Creator. That is as good
a theory as any. To accept it is to re
move a million doubts.
watch the basket.
“Don’t put all your eggs in one bas
ket” is as old as the hills, and lias
been the guide of countless successful
mm. Recently Andrew Carnegie j
changed it to fills: "Rut all your eggs '
in one basket and watch the basket.” j
Knee, points to a useful moral.
RAISING CHICKENS.
Frank Charles, who has had years of
experience in the care and breeding of
povUrj. maintains that he is an ex
pert. aud declares that he will give a
bond and guarantee that with less than
:v'otN) capital any one that understands
the business can start a plant that will
pay three per cent, the first year,
twelve per cent, the second and third
years, and fifty per cent, “for the bal
ance of time;" and at the end of the
third year have an establishment that
can he sold for S I O.OOO cash.
A Pointer Tor Sum Mon.
•‘Not one man in a hundred knows
how to handle a lady's wrap when he
acts as her escort,” remarked a promi
nent woman's tailor the other day.
Look at that man now carrying Ids
Lady's iihtcl; silk coat. He lias it al
most in a roll, and when she goes to
put it on it will lie a mass of wrinkles,
and it will never leek so well again.
i don't see how she can go on talking
so pleasantly to him when she sees her
coat, unless he is her husband anil she
is sure he will pay lor anew one.
“Yesterday I saw a man with a lady’s
full-length coat over his arm, carrying
ii so carelessly that one corner of its
handsome lace collar dragged on the
ground. 1 could not stand it. and so I
said: "Ranlon me. sir, aud 1 will show
you how to hold that coat." And 1 took
It and shook it out from the hack
seam, then folded it lightly almost
through the middle, taking care to put
the lace and long silk ties inside, and
then laid llie coat over his arm. He
did not seem to he very grateful; hut
it hurts my feelings to see beautiful
clothes spoiled, even if I know that I
will get the order to replace them. It
is always easy to fold a coat from the
hack seam, and usually, if it is a
woman's coat, It is just as well to carry
it so the handsome lining shows. An
unlined coat should, of course, not he
turned wrongslde out.*'—Philadelphia
Record.
l>rir<l Potato***. '
“Dried potatoes” is the name of a
new product evolved by the South
Carolina Agricultural Experiment Sta
t ion. The potatoes are boiled, peeled
and evaporated in a cannery, and will
remain in perfect condition for years.
The preserved potato becomes til for
eating after being soaked in warm
water for an hour. Like many other
new ideas, this promises to lie a big
thing. It insures to the farmer the
perfect preservation of one of his most
prolific aud most important general
food crops, at. the same time fitting it
for safe and economical shipment to
distant markets heretofore closed to it,
and effects these ends by a mode of
preparation which Is so simple and
I cheap that it can be employed on any
: Farm. When it is noted that in one
! case stated in the table an acre of
; land yielded Fib? bushels of raw pota
toes, which in turn yielded 105 bushels
of the dried product, the possibilities
of the process in the way of developing
the culture of the vegetable in the
South and introducing it to the world’s
commerce and comfort begin to appear
in truly vast proportions.—-Charleston
News and Courier.
StAinped Cheeks by the Ton.
Commissioner Yerkes, of the Internal
Revenue Bureau, lias been compelled
to rent an outside building in which to
receive aud stock cheeks and drafts
bearing Imprinted stamps now being
sent in for redemption. The original
act providing for the redemption of
these Imprinted stamps limited the
time within which they eoulil lie pre
sented for redemption to two years
from the time they were purchased
from the Government. .Subsequently
Hint time was extended to January 1,
1304.
Almost immediately after the act
was passed banks and large business
houses began sending in their surplus
stocks, and in a short time the quanti
ty had reached the point whore the
weight threatened the walls of the
rooms and corridors where they were
stored, necessitating a prompt removal.
Up to this time 134 tons have been de
stroyed or returned to the senders af
ter earn llailnn, and there are now
about sixty tons on hand, with the
daily receipts almost equal to the can
cellations.—Washington Rost.
The JJoj; atul the Kettle.
Air. C. J. Cornish, in Animal Life
tEngland), tells a story illustrative of
the sound sense of A dog. A retriever
not long ago was sent into a ditch to
bring out a winged partridge. The dog
picked up the scent, rushed along the
not tom of the ditch under the bram
bles, and after a little groping about
.-■merged on the bank of the ditch with
: uu old rusty kettle, holding it by the
handle. Laughter and chaff greeted
(his performance. “Stop a bit,” said
tic dog's master. “Here, Rover, give
it to me,” and the dog brought the
kettle to him. Taking it from his
mouth ins master put ids hand into the
Icttle, the lid being off, aud took out
the partridge. Chased by the dog it
had crept into the kettle to hide, and
;iie dog, not being able to draw u our,
just brought the lot.
Fume lititl Success-
It is justly observed that no man be
comes famous except through the news
papers, and a philosophical advertiser
says that no man can become success
ful in business except by the same
means. The latter is the easier, be
cause the business man can regulat#
the amount of his publicity himself.
In ISSO only one woman worked for
wages to every ten men; now the ratio
is one woman to four men.
A CURIOSITY
OF NATURE
N’\v ZcaJantl Plant That Starts
I-ile im an Insect hater.
Oliver Bainbridge, a young English
man who has been touring the world
and is at present staying in Los An
geles, possesses a strange curio in the
shape of some dried caterpillars, from
each of which the shoot of a young
plant is growing. This interesting ex
ample of parasitism, a drawing of
which is shown herewith, is from the
interior of New Zealand, and Mr. Bain
bridge's story of the manner in which
lie Obtained liis specimens and of his
twn observations regarding them is
is follows:
While in the hot lake region one day
my curiosity was aroused by some pe
culiar caterpillars the natives were
carrying. I asked them what they
wore, and my interest was intensified
upon learning that they were what
is generally known as the vegetable
caterpillar. It was about nine miles
from Rotorua, the wonderland, that
the natives obtained these specimens.
Their idea was to test them in the
stewpot. and they laughed at me out
right when I paid them fifty cents
each for them and told them that I
had never seen anything so remarka
ble.
For fully a radius of 100 miles from
Rotorua ihe country is poor and in
many places wretchedly barren, a con
dition caused by the poisonous gases
emitted from the various hot springs
and geysers. Upon arriving at the spot
VEGETABLE. CATERPILLARS.
where the Maoris obtained the speci
mens, 1 pitched tent and made a very
careful microscopic study of the cater
pillars I had bought. They were dry
ami hardened as if sucked clean of
their juices, and had growing from
them the slender stem of a vine that
measured from two and a half to four
inches in length. Now the problem
for me to solve was how this vine got
located in the caterpillar.
I made a careful search and was re
warded with three specimens, each in
slightly different stages. I first noticed
a little stem, resembling that of the
specimens I had bought from the na
tives, showing some three or fouT
inches above the ground, and, carefully
removing the dirt with my knife, found
the poor little caterpillars, stiff and
hard, about two inches beneath the
surface.
The thought first struck me that, its
I made my finds only under the great
Rata, a parasitical vine, it would be
a good idea to examine this for a so
lution of the mystery. 1 found that
the seeds of the plant were extremely
small and covered with tlie sharpest of
prickles. Crawling about on the vine
I found large numbers of the cater
pillars. It occurred lo me that the
ease must lie a parallel to that of the
Insect-eating plants which set traps
in leaves or stems. The caterpillars,
feeding upon the vine, of the leaves
of which they are very fond, are likely
to get one of the sharp-pointed seeds
eaugiit under the skin, where it takes
root. In the juices of the animal’s body.
The point at which the seed more us
ually penetrates seems to he just at
the ridge where the active head sec
tion joins the rest of the body. The
irritation caused by tlie working in of
the sword-armed seed is so great that
the caterpillars probably drop off the
vine and bury themselves in the
ground in the attempt to escape their
tormentor. The seed, however, takes
root, and in growing absorbs the nour
ishment afforded by the animal’s body.
When the vine rises above the ground
it continues its parasitic career, this
time preying upon vegetable matter.
Reaching out for some convenient
tree it twines itself about this, en
circling the trunk and spreading out
over the branches, thrusting rootlets
into the bark, every few indies, as it
grows, until it finally kills tills second
victim also. In the meantime It has
itself grown, in trunk and branches,
to tlie proportions of a tree.
lla.vpilan K. y.
The keys used by the ancient
! Egyptians wer ■ hooks which passed
j through the door from the outside and
i caught the holts, so as to shoot them
home or draw them hack as required.
A Home.
Some reels of thread in a factory at
Brauntou, Devonshire, have been
chosen as a home by a solitary bee,
which is now actively engaged UShig
them with honey.
Wood intended to tie made into pianos
requires to he kept forty years to he
in perfect condition.
The world’s output of coal in 1900
was 707,030,000 tons.
OCTOBER 25