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Good Hoads Pay Their Way*
O NE paragraph in that part ot
the Governor’s message which
relates to good roads is of es¬
pecial consideration because
of its very general interest and applica¬
tion.
It is estimated, ho says, that in forty
counties in Indiana—a good broad basis
for computation, as that is nearly the
whole number of counties in South
Carolina—the average increase in the
“selling price” of land, due to exist¬
ing improved roads, is almost $0.50 an
acre ($0.48, to be exact). The estimated
average cost of converting common
public roads into improved roads is
$1140 a mile. The estimated average
annual loss to a hundred acres from
poor roads—due to added expense of
hauling only half loads over them,
breakage and wear and tear, of vehi¬
cles, loss of time, etc.—is $70, or seven
ty-six cents an acre, “It is seen that
the less from poor roads would soon
pay for the building cf good roads, and
after replacing the amount paid for
their construction tlio good roads will
continue to pay.”
The calculation may be varied a lit¬
tle. A gcod road will steadily and ef¬
fectively serve a tract of country for
a mile cn each side of it and as there
are C40 acres to the square mile, it fol¬
lows that one mile cf geed road will
servo 1-30 acres on each side within
the mile limit. It follows again that
an expenditure cf $1 an acre for each
aci-Q so to be benefited will more than
pay the cost ($1140) of improving a bad
road into so expensive a good one as
the kind constructed in Indiana. It is
also to be noted that seventy-five cents
cf the dollar so expended is offset by
the saving of the “loss” for one year
on account of bad road conditions, leav¬
ing the net cost of the improvement
to the land owners only twenty-five
cents an acre in fact. This expenditure
is praet?rally made but ou.ee,- the an¬
nual cost of maintenance being rela¬
tively very small. Wherefore, the ini’,
proved road will nearly pay the whole
cost of its construction in one year,
and thereafter will continue to return
seventy-five cents an acre annually
in the single item of saving the loss
resulting from bad roads. To which
gain is to be added all the conveniences
of good road service, and the increase
Titary ofjTi.50 Fo in the . the road, v alue of determined every acre by trib- its
as
increased selling price. Four per cent.
Interest for one year on the increased
value alone of the two square miles
or one per cent, a year for the four
years, would pay the whole cost of the
improvement.
The calculation Is subject to some
modifications to adapt it to this State,
and to different parts of the State. It
will apply' closely in districts where
roads are improved on tho system and
at the high rate of cost observed in
Indiana; but may be greatly changed
in the case of ether districts, espe¬
cially, for example, those lying south
and cast of Columbia.
Good roads equal to turnpikes have
been constructed in Darlington, Rich¬
land and Orangeburg Counties by
overlaying sand with clay at a cost
ranging down to $50 a mile, and per¬
haps averaging less than $300 a mile.
Darlington, alone has constructed over
700 miles of such roads in the last five
years, and Richland several hundred
more at a cost, we believe, higher than
that average. Placing the average at
$300 a mile, however, for such con¬
struction, it follows that every mile of
bad l’oad in more than half the State
can be improved into a permanent thor¬
oughly good read at a cost of $300 for
the 12SC) acres within a mile on either
side of it, or of twenty-three cents an
acre—against which single expenditure
would be charged nearly the whole an¬
nual saving of loss on account of bad
road conditions and whatever increase
in land values would result from such
improvement. And even the whole
twenty-three cents an acre would rep¬
resent a tax of only two and one-half
cents per acre for ten years—not a very
heavy burden. Extending the area to
he taxed would, of course, reduce the
tax rate proportionately.
It really appears that land owners,
farmers and the public generally could
well afford to submit to such a tax
fipr the sake of the great and valuable
public benefits to be derived from it at
c&ce and for all time to come.—Charl-s
trip (S. C.) News and Courier.
Gravel Goads.
Gravel roads can be built in many
ways. Tbe best" is made from gravel
that hak been screened and placed in a
prepared roadbed, similar to that used
for macadam roads, with the larger
stone at the bottom, and the smaller
size used on tap for a binder. Exclude
stones that are 1 , too large.
Where the gravel is not good enough
to be pay built for by screening, plaeingvthe a good gravel road on can the
road in two layers. These layers must
be thoroughly harrowed and rolled
With a two-ton seetiWl roller until
thoroughly consolidated and firm.
With some varieties of gravel a good
road can be built without the use of
the roller, allowing the travel to con¬
solidate the gravel. The wheel tracks
must be continually filled in by a roacl
machine, or by hand with a hoe. In all
eases prepare the foundation in a sim¬
ilar manner as the foundation for a
macadam road.
A constant and continuous system
of repairs should be adopted on this
class of roads as well as on macadam
roads.
Selfisli Speed Craze.
Most people who use the roads have
no need nor desire to go so fast as the
automobilists. and the safety and com¬
fort of the great majority should not
be sacrificed to the selfish speed craze
of a few.
A Plaint From Gotham.
IVe seemingly have everything here
except good roads. And yet it is al¬
most impossible to get proper appro¬
priations for work that would benefit
everybody a-wheel.—New Turk Herald.
A WONDERFUL CAVE.
Newly Discovered Natural Marvel at
Camp Cole, Missouri.
There is a cave near Cole camp,
lately brought to notice by the sink¬
ing of a shaft in the hunt for zinc
ore, which I regard as one of the most
beautiful works of nature in all cave
formations. The roof is twenty feet
high from floor to roof, circular in
shape, with a diameter of twenty-eight
feet. The roof, floor and sides are
lined with a fine grade of baryte (ti8!
they call it in the country), white as
snow', and on this white background
iron pyrites have seemingly been
sprinkled in small particles, as though
put on w r ith a pepper box. Continual
contact with the water in tho cave
gives the pyrite the appearance of
burnished gold. From the roof hangs
great long calcite stalactites, with
highly polished surfaces and colored
to perfection. From the floor have
grown stalagmites of the same color.
character and appearance, but with
this difference—each one of the stalag¬
mites is tipped with a beautiful cube
of lead, as clean and bright as if just
made. This cube of lead, placed as it
is, so bright and fresh to mind, is the
strongest proof of the present growth
-of lead that I have ever seen, and I im
scientist?'GST a ~jrp- it would be 6a MghljJntprs.;-^ to
- the sides of
cave there are panels of lead that tre®
eighteen inches square, inserted, as
were, in the baryte. Ho 1 ' thick,
how far back the lead expends has noc
yet been determined. The calcite'for¬
mations on the sides resemble in ap¬
pearance the stalacite, with this dif¬
ference, that they are pressed against
the sides very much after the manner
one has of crossing the arms on the
breast.
„„ The roof . . . ..
o e cave is nr .-si. -
from the surface and is one of the
most gorgeous sights I have ever seen
under a bright light. The owners o,
the property are to pump the water
out next week, and with some geolo
gists that I have invited will examine
it during tne fair week at Sedalia. or
toSSfTnd 1
to take tho lining of this cave out
and reproduce it at the world’s fair
at St. Louis I am sure it would lie
very attractive to all, including the
scientific and the lover of art in na
ture.-St. Louis Republic.
Bankrupt’s Vest Missing.
James Crandle, an individual whose ,
residence is given as Murray P. O.,
Lauderdale County, recently filed a
voluntary petition in bankruptcy in
the United States Court Clerk’s office.
Despite his financial troubles the
bankrupt was as cheerful a citizen as
one meets in a ten days’ journey. He
did not owe a great sum, his liabilities
amounting to just $1S7.50, but he
wished to have the slate wiped off in
order to get a fresh and unincumbered
start in life. In his petition to the
Court, after setting forth the indebted¬
ness, Crandle schedules his assets in
these words:
“My assets consist of three suits of
underwear, shoes, socks, hat and a
part of a suit of clothing.” Then in
parenthesis: “I say ‘part’ of a suit be¬
cause 1 only own coats and pants—
the vest was stolen.”
As personal apparel is exempt under
the law, Crandle will he permitted to
retain his extensive wardrobe.—Mem¬
phis Scimitar.
Horse Sense Not Enough.
By a decision of the Paris courts a
horse has no right to become frightened
at the sight or noise of an autc mo¬
bile.
lime. Ackerman claimed $20,000 from
M. Hacliette, a well known publisher,
whose automobile, she said, had caused
the death of her son, a cuirassier sta¬
tioned at Versailles. The young man’s
horse took fright at M. Hachette’s au¬
tomobile and threw him, crushing his
skull.
The court declared the responsibility
of the chauffeur could not be assumed,
because all horses, regimental or other¬
wise, ought to be accustomed to the
noise of motors and the sight of auto¬
mobiles.—New York Herald.
DR. MATHEWS'S DISCOVERIES, j
Their Probable Practical Results as
Forecast by Himself.
Dr. Mathews, writing in the Cen¬
tury of “The Nature of Nerve Force,”
appropos of the experiments made by
Dr. Loeb and himself, says in conclu¬
sion:
It will probably be asked, what are
likely to be the practical results of
these conclusions? It is, of course, im¬
possible to predict what practical re¬
sults may follow in the future, but it
appears to me probable that the im¬
mediate practical consequences will
very likely occupy the- following di¬
rections:
First, the physical explanation thus
attained of one of the phenomena of
life will, if it proves true, bring us a
step nearer the understanding of other
life-phenomena, the artificial synthesis
of living matter, and the prolongation
of life. There is apparently no inher¬
ent reason why a man should die, ex¬
cept our ignorance of the conditions
governing the reaction going on in his
protoplasm.
Second, it looks as if we had at last
secured a rational basis of pharmacolo¬
gy. If the poisonous action of salts
Is due to the electrical charges their
particles bear, ar.d we are able to off¬
set this action by particles with the
opposite charge, there is every reason
to believe that the poisonous action
of drugs is also so caused and may
in the same manner be counteracted.
The credit for this work should be giv¬
en to Professor Loeb.
Third, we have at last secured, ap¬
parently, a basis for attacking the
great problem of fermentation, for the
peculiar fermentative or catalytic
powers of colloidal solutions are prob¬
ably, in their essence, electrical. A
solution of the problem of fermenta¬
tion probably means a revolution in
some of the great industries of the
world, for it will enable us to build
up our food-stuffs from the soil, the
air, and sunlight, pust as plants do.
It will put in our hands a power of
controlling chemical phenomena the
results of which can at present hardly
be conceived. In the absence of ex¬
perimental data it is impossible to
say definitely whether our results will
ultimately illuminate the problem of
fermentation or not. but they at least
suggest a means of attacking this prob¬
lem, and I think Trio not overstate the
probable consequences of the solution
. of that problem. >
Mr. Mors it. • xVb
Every New ±1
fjjjjjt gives t o m
in me great a certain
bonus,in proportj Sb the salary they
are drawing.
This year the highest sum was an
even ?25,000 to one man. The lowest
was ?50, to a no - messenger, who also
got his pay raised ?120 a year. Wall.
street figures that every year Mr..
Morgan gives to his employes one
twentieth o£ the net earnings of the
bank fQr the year If Wall gtreet is
rlght> the bank made $ 5 > 0 oo,ooo clear
Jagt year How much Mr. Morgan
hLi mse if made,with his reorganizations,
mergers and special fees for financial
work, no man. could, tell.
—----—
ui WS'.tilS CWSllUl Cq
IBGUSTA AND ASHEVH.DK SHOltT LINE.
SchecluieTtTEffect Deo. 29, 1901.
- ^ jV Augusta 10 05 a 2 55 p
Greenwood 12 39 p .....
!r Andereon 7 15 p
!r Laurens......... rH 40 5 33 a
Greenville........ CC 25 10 30 a
lr GIenn springs... . 9 00
tr Spartanburg...... 1...... 3 30 p a
Saluda.... 5 33 p ....
Hendersonville ... 6 11 p ....
A sheville 7 15 p ....
Lv Asheville......... t- U5 a ......
Lv Hendersonville. . 00 05 a ......
Lv Fiat Hock....... * 15 a ......
Lv Saluda.......... on 39 a ......
Lv Tryon.......... © 13 a ......
Lv Spartanburg..... 12 15 a 4 00 p
Lv Greenville......12 Glenn Springs........ 22 H ■ 45
Lv p p
Lv Laurens...... 2 07 p C 30 P .
Lv Anderson..... -I 25 a
Ar Greenwood. 3 07 p 8 35 p
Ar Augusta....... 5 40 p 11 35 a
Lv Greenwood Q, 01 p
Ar Raleigh....... M 34 a
Ar Norfolk....... ^ 00 a
Ar Petersburg.... Cl 48 a
Ar Richmond W 40 a
Lv Augusta... xfi 15 p
Ar Allendale.. Q 20 p
Ar Fairfax.... ® 32 p
Ar Yemassee.. O 25 a t- 35 p
Ar Beaufort... H- 40 p CO 35 p
Ar Port Royal 55 a CC 45_p
Lv Port Koval..... 00 ^ cr: a
Lv Beaufort....... 15 50 a
Lv Yemasree...... 30 ^ -23 40 a
Lv Fairfax........ CC 48 a
Lv Aliendaie...... CD 58 a
Ar Augusta........ 11 00 a
Close connections at Greenwood for
all points on S. A. I-. and C. & G.
Railway and at Spartanburg with Sou¬
thern Railway, relative to
For any information
tickets, rates, schedules, etc., addresi
W. J. Ceaig, Gen. Pass. Agent.
E. M. North, Sol. Agt, Augusta, Ga.
T. M. Eukkson Traffic Manager.
LINDSAY 8 . ARRINGTON. LUTHER L. AHH1NGT05T
Arrington Bros. & Co,
CROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS
OUR SPECIAL,! IES—
Flour, TobacGc, Kerosene Oil anti Lime
CONSIGNMENTS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE SOLICITED.
803 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia,
--agentsfor
Mitchell’s Farm Wagons,
“THF. BEST.”
The Lincolnton Hi Qf€5 h School
T1IOS. 0. STEPHENSON. A. It., Principal.
MISS BESSIE WARE, Assistant.
1901 —1902.
Fall term of four mouths begins September 2, 1901.
Spring term of five months begins January G, 1902.
RATES OF TUITION PER MONTH OF FOUR WEEKS :
Primary— 1st and 2nd Grades $ HH
Intermediate —3rd, 4th ami 5 Grades
Grammar Academic —Sth School— and 9th 6 th and 7th “ £i WN
Collegiate— 10th, 11th, 12th (( CC
Music .... .25
Incidental fee for term (payable in advance)
Hoard in good families at $8 per month, From Monday till Friday from $4 to Sfi per
mon tli. One dollar per month will be deducted for all pupils of 1’nWie school age for the
public term of five months. made otherwise. No
Tuition payable at the end of each month, unless arrangements are
deduction for lost time except in cases of prostrating sickness.
Boys and girls prepared for Sophomore and Junior classes respectively .... tn our best , colleges.
Satisfaction guaranteed every assiduous pupil.
Teachers prepared for the examination. and
Discipline Arm but mild and pitpi’s are enforced to study country—quiet behave. and healthful—
Lincolnton is one of tite best locations for a school in the
and its citizens are noble, generous and polite. There are no incentives to idleness or
extravagance. The school Duildiitg uu is commodious and weil seated. The latest and Vest
approved methods of teaching used and the beet school apparatus that money cau buy
1 'with iln- pvmpathv. iu’the support and co-operation particulars address of our poople we expect to have one of the
rest High School* Slate. For
THOS. U. STEPHENSON, Prin.,.
r Lincolnton, Ga.
ESTABLISHED IN 18S7.
THE OLD RELIABLE LIQUOR HOUSE.
Send your orders to
L. FINK.
Importer and Tealor in
Wines, liquors, Cioars m and Tobacco
Special attention given to ilie Jug Trade. Liquors of all hind-,
from $ 1.50 to $ 8.00 a gallon. Six u-av (fid Ni.ri'i ('molina
Corn at $ 2.00 per gall (ii. Prompt alien'ion given
Mail Orders. Cash with the order.
847 Broad Street, A uq usta, Gt < - . j h
,
c—• j BOORS,
■'aeijss®*—-- Builder CO j Hardware.'—
Augusta, s a a Georgia,
BELL TELEPHONE 282 .
isTROGER TELEPHONE 80 a
I 4 ivtr-v
0 S et- ?
x-—^^•'THOMSON, <H.
Carries at Ml times a Incize and well selected stock of GROCER¬
IES, DRYGOODS, SHOES, CLOTHING, NOTIONS, etc......
Also first-class MILLINERY STORE, with Baltimore tnm
mer ;n charge. The latest styles and lowest prices for first-class
Headgear, A trial will couviuoe any one of this fact. Thomson
is the highest cotton market on the Georgia Railroad, and.......
I I
Is .Always On tlie Market.