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4 THE FARMERS’ UNION DEPARTMENT. ROSTER OF NATIONAL AND STATE OFFICERS OF THE FARMERS’ EDUCATIONAL AND CO-OPERATIVE UNION 0 F AMERICA. NATIONAL OFFICERS. C. S. Barrett, president, Atwater, Ga. J. E. Montgomery, vice-president, Gleason, Tenn. R. H. McCullough, secretary-treas urer, Beebe, Ark. L. N. Holmes, chaplain, Bernice, La. Executive Committee—W. S. Mil ler, chairman, Lake Creek, Texas; W. 0. Morris, secretary, Sulligent, Ala.; Jas. Butlr, Topeka, Kan.; Campbell Russell; I. N. McAllister, La. STATE OFFICERS. Georgia—R. T. Duckworth, Presi dent, Thomaston, Ga.; R. L. Barron, Sec.-Treas., Hendrix, Ga. Alabama—l. A. Worley Pres., Guin, Ala.; E. J. Cook, Sec.-Treas., Pell City, Ala. Arkansas—J. B. Lewis, Pres., Jonesboro, Ark.; Ben L. Griffin, Sec.- Treas., Conway, Ark. Indiahoma —J. A. West, Pres., Shawnee, O. T.; B. C. Hanson. Sec.- Treas., Shawnee, O. T. Louisiana—L. N. Holmes, Pres., Bernice, La.; J. AV. Boyett, Jr., Sec.- Treas, Tanhill, La. Mississippi—J. M. Bap, Pres., Ha zlehurst, Miss.; G. AV. Rupell, Sec- Treas., Hazlehurst, Miss. Tennessee —J. E. Montgomery, Pres., Greenfield, Tenn.; J. T. Brooks, Sec.-Treas., Atwood, Tenn. Texas —E. A. Calvin, Pres., Dallas, Texas; B. F. Chapman Sec.-Treas, Dallas, Texas. South Carolina —0. P. Goodwin, Pres., Anderson, S. C.; B. F. Earl, Sec.-Treas., Anderson, S. C. G. M. DAVIS’ TALK TO THE FARMERS, The springtime is at hand, and with it the plowing land preparing foir the year’s crop. Many have already broken dirt on the new year’s crop, but it is to be feared that this dirt breaking has not been with any syste matic arrangement to lessen the acreage in cotton or to increase the amount planted in com and food crops. This is the time to fix the price of both cotton and food crops for next fall. A large acreage in cotton with good seasons and favorable condi ions means low cotton when the selling time comes. The low price is the very thing the grower of cotton does not want, and the very thing he can prevent if he will take final and decisive action between now and the first of May. What is done towards getting better prices for cotton must be done now. The holding of cotton is all right in its proper time land place, but if a large acreage is put in and the conditions are favorable to yield the holding proposition becomes more’ acute and less remunerative than if the acreage is very materially de based in the earlier months, or at ding time. For instance, if a is in sight the mills and buyers are both to enter the market actively and when they do it is at a much lower figure than they deem the staple to be actually worth. More men have to hold and hold a larger per cent of their crop if they expect to even maintain a bread and meat price for the stuff. This necessarily causes the farmer to be longer out of -his money and brings about other financial loss, such as loss in weight and interest on his money. The whole thing resolves itself into this: The planting time is the time to fix, in a large measure, the price of cotton for the fall months. It is the time to force the market to very low prices that may be deter mined on later in the season and the real time to get the thing in shape to do just what you want done in the way of prices. Cut two acres from each plow and plant corn. By doing this you force cotton up and corn down. Had this been done |las't spring cotton would have been selling today for 15 cents per pound, and corn a great deal cheaper than what it is. You would have made 50 per cent more on your cotton and saved 50 per cent on your corn, thus greatly in creasing your wealth. Had you got ten 15 cents for cotton instead of the price you did, you would have many millions more money. Go to work right now and cut. Do not wait for your neighbor to do so. Show your faith by your works, and you will be both the gainer and the winner next fall when you need to have things coming your way. Rome, Ga. r TO BUILD WAREHOUSES. The county “Business Agents” of the Georgia Union, convened during the meeting of the National Union in Atlanta. One among the leading features of the meeting of the Agents, was to arrange to build warehouses. The ‘‘Business Agents” are now pushing the plan throughout Georgia. Local companies of farmers will be organ ized and incorporated with sufficient capital to build the warehouses to re ceive the product of the farmers and store it until fair prices prevail. A great many warehouses have al ready been built in the state on this plan, and each of the seventy-five county “Business Agents” in atten dance, immediately on his return home, will begin to organize loe.al companies, and by the next state convention many counties will be able to report the erection of ware houses. The movement for building warehouses co-operatively by the farmers is spreading rapidly over the South. TENNESSEE UNION. Rejoices Over Adoption of Its Consti tution. All the delegates are rejoicing over the vote and adoption of the national constitution, and to say that all union men here are enthusiastic over the victory won on the sale of cotton this season would be putting it too mildly. Renewed courage, renewed hope, stim ulated determination has resulted, and the union in Tennessee is facing tho east today with the joy of victory, a THE WEEKLY JEFFERSONIAN. great victory to crown our efforts, bu oying up their hearts and quickening the life’s blood in their veins. Too long have they worn the shackles of the slave; too long have they been the prey of the spoilator, and today they start forward on a new journey, to a happy goal—industrial freedom, a fair reward for their toil and their en ergy. “Warehouses*” is the war cry of the union in Tennessee, as in Texas and other states. Many sales of cotton from warehouses already built and places where cotton has been bulked by the union have resulted in the sav ing to the union cotton farmers of Tennessee of more than $200,000 over and above the prices paid by the local buyers. This is a time when every farmer, north and south, should stand closely together. A great change in commer cialism is now on. Let the war cry be for warehouses for cotton and to bacco, and elevators for grain, and when this great fight has been ended and above the prices paid by the local and not until then, will the producers of the wealth of our country receive just compensation for their labor. R. L. BARNETT. Jackson, Tenn. I? PEACH LEAF CURL DISEASE AND SAN JOSE SCALE. Remedial Measures Recommended by the State Board of Entomology— Thorough Spraying Advocated— Important Recommendation. By R. I. Sm ht, State Entomologist. Peach growers in North and Mid dle Georgia were greatly alarmed last spring by the unusual number of peach trees affected by the Leaf Curl disease. Many orchards were injured so severely that the crop was ‘ short ened from twenty-five per cent to seventy-live per cent, and an occa sional orchard even more severely. In order that this condition may be prevented this year, the writer wish es to sound a warning to orchardists whose orchards were affected last season. Experiments have shown conclusively that the disease may be almost entirely prevented by the ap plication of proper fungicides early in February. AVe now know definite ly that the best results from spraying for the leaf curl are derived by treat ing the trees fully one month before the blooming period. Hence the rea son why this advice is being publish ed at this date. Spraying now, as recommended herein, will, also, control the San Jose scale as well as the leaf curl. Peach Leaf Curl Disease Caused by Fungus. It may be well to explain briefly the cause of the Leaf Curl disease, so that growers will fully understand why the spraying is of advantage. Leaf Curl is started in spring by spores of a fungus which live over winter on the twigs and around the buds of the peach trees. These spores are microscopic in size, and, of course, cannot be detected with the naked eye, even by the most expert investigators. It is almost certain, however, that these spores are pres ent now on all trees where the disease was observed last year. In one sense the matter of spraying for Leaf Curl may be said to be an insurance, rather than a remedy, for, in some cases, it is impossible to forecast the occurrence of the disease. To wait until the disease appears, is, how ever, a disastrous practice, for leaf curl can not be stopped after the leaves commence to curl. Immediate Spraying Necessary. It should be clearly understood why early spraying is necessary. The reason may be explained briefly as follows: As stated above, the spores of leaf curl live over winter on and around the buds. Application of fungicides kill these external spores. If spray ing is delayed until about the time the trees are ready to bloom, the spores may have commenced to ger minate, and may have pushed into the unopened buds. After the fun gus, arising from the spores, once gains entrance to the buds and at tacks the tissue within, no outside application of spray will prevent the disease from developing •with the leaf. In other words, the leaf curl fungus may get its first start in the unop ened buds, and if that occurs the disease will appear in spite of spray ing. Experiments have shown that early spraying kills the spores of th fungus before the buds are affected. AVhere trees are properly sprayed one month before the blooming period ‘■he disease may be almost entirely prevented. Remedial Measures Advocated. Either Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur wash may be used as a spray to prevent leaf curl. The former is the most easily prepared and applied, and we recommend its adoption in all orchards where there is no danger from the San Jose scale. Lime-sul phur wash should be used against leaf curl in all orchards where the San Jose scale is present. Recent experiments in Georgia and other states have shown that the lime-sul phur wash—a proven remedy for the scale—will also prevent leaf curl. Bordeaux Mixture is made by the following formula: Stone Lime (fresh, unslaked), 6 lbs. Copper Sulphate (bluestone) .4 lbs. Water .. .. . 50 gallons. Directions for Preparing; Provide three barrels for mixing. Slake the lime with a small amount of water (preferably warm), in one barrel. AVhen the lime is well slaked ad 4 Next dissolve the bluestone in 25 gallons of water. The easiest man ner of dissolving the bluestone is to tie the des red amount in a burlap water to make 25 gallons. sack and suspend in 25 gallons of water for a few hours. Or if it is desired to dissolve quickly, grind the bluestone into a fine powder and dis solve in a small amount of warm water. We should now have 25 gal lons of lime solution and 25 gallons of bluestone solution. To prepare, the Bordeaux mixture take a bucketful of each solution a" pour them simultaneously into the third barrel. As the two solutions unite a very fine light blue precipi late is formed. Bordeaux made by the above plan will stand without settling for a number of hours. For