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the benefit of hose who have not had experience in preparing Bor deaux, we would emphasize the mat ter of mixing the two solutions to gether at the same time, rather t 1 to pour one solution into the other, a*? would appear to be the easiest way. By far the best Bordeaux is made by the plan first mentioned. Lime-Sulphur Wash is prepared as follows: Stone Lime (fresh, unslaked) 20 lbs. 'Sulphur (flour or flowers) .. 16 lbs. Water to make 50 gallons. Directions: First mix the sulphur into a thin paste. Place this in a ket tle containing 15 gallons of boiling water. Add the stone lime, which will at once commence to slake. While the lime is slaking stir often enough to keep the sulphur well mixed. Much of the sulphur will dissolve while the lime is slaking. Continue the boiling for from 45 minutes to one hour, de pending on the degree of heat. Time of boiling should be regulated by the appearance of the mixture. When properly boiled the lime sulphur wash will be a dirty, orange red color with slightly greenish cast, and no sign of the yellow sulphur will be evident. When steam is employed for boiling the proper color may often be secur ed in 36 to 40 minutes. After mixture is boiled dilute to 50 gallons, us ng cold or warm water. The latter is preferable. When the mixture is diluted it should still re tain the orange red color.. If the yel low sulphur color appears in the di luted mixture the operator mav know that the mixture was not sufficiently boiled. The above specific directions are given because it is assumed that the lime-sulphur will be used only where the San Jose scale is present. To de stroy the scale, as well as prevent the leaf curl, the lime-sulphur wash should be made strictly according to directions. Spray Now and Thoroughly. Peach growers, whose orchards were affected last year, will not need to be warned further about the necessity for immediate work. And from ob servations made by the writer last year, it seems probable that nearly all peach growers in North Georgia must have seen the effect of the leaf curl disease. This article is intend ed as a timely warning. It is hoped that all fruit growers will heed this advice and prepare at once, if they have not already done so, to spray the peach orchards. When spraying be sure that thor ough work is done. Cover the trees entirely. Otherwise the result of the spraying will be a disappointment. Wherever orchards are infected with the San Jose scale, and the prop »er spraying has not been given, the owners may be assured that one thor ough spraying with lime-sulphur wash will keep the scale in control, and 1 , also, prevent the leaf curl. Do not make the mistake of thinking that the Bordeaux alone will control the scale. Bordeaux acts only as a fun gicide, that is, a prevent on or rem edy for fungous diseases. It will not have any effect on the San Jose scale. Any persons reading this article, and desiring further advice, are re quested to write to the State Ento mologist, Atlanta, Ga., who will glad ly reply promptly to all inquiries. Remember the adage, “An ounce of prevention,’’ etc. Spray at once! Don’t Delay! Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 24, 1907. M i MANY CHILD LABORERS. Census Report Shows 1,750,000 Little Breadwinners. The extent to which child labor Is employed in the United States is set forth in a bulletin issued by the census bureau recently. The statistics pre sented are for 1900, and relate to the employment of children as breadwin ners, of whom 1,750,000, in round num bers, between the ages of ten and fif teen, were so employed. Breadwinners are defined as those earning money regularly by labor, contributing to the family support, or appreciably assist ing in mechanical or agricultural in dustry. By far the most important occupa tion for children is that of agricul tural laborers, the number of children ten to fifteen years of age so employed being 1,054,446. About two-thirds cf the total number of child breadwinners were employed on the farm and most of these children were members of the farmers’ families. Next in importance comes domestic service, or the occupa tion of servants and waiters or wait resses, in which 138,065 children were employed, most of them being girls. About one-third of the children em ployed in gainful occupations were fif teen years of age, and more than one half were fourteen or fifteen years The number of fourteen was 790,623, or 45.2 per cent of the total. Boys Outnumber Girls. Os the total number of child bread winners ten to fifteen years of age, 72.2 per cent were boys and 27.8 per cent girls. Almost invariably the per centage of breadwinners is much great er among foreign-born children than among native children. The percent age of breadwinners among negro children is much higher than among white children. The cotton mills furnish employ ment to children to a greater extent than any other manufacturing or me chanical industry. In 1900 the num ber of cotton mill operatives ten to fifteen years of age was 44,427. Os the 71,622 messengers and errand and office boys in the United States 62 per cent were district telegraph messen gers and errand boys, 23.3 per cent were office boys, and 14.7 per cent were bundle and cash boys or girls. Nine-tenths of the children employed in such service are boys. Children in Needle Trades. The occupation of the textile work er or the needle trades furnished em ployment to 35,070 children between ten and fifteen years of age, of whom 5,136 were boys and 29,934 were girls. The total number of children, ten to fifteen years of age engaged in the tobacco and cigar factories was 11,462. Os the 49,998 glassworkers reported in 1900, 5,365, or 10.7 per cent, were from ten to fifteen years of age. Os the 23,657 children for whom sta tistics were specially compiled, 17,956, or 75.9 per cent, were living in homes with their parents; 3,380, represent ing 14.3 per cent, or approximately one-seventh of the total number, were living with widowed mothers, and 578, or 2.4 per cent, with mothers who were living apart from their husbands, and whose economic position was therefore likely to be analogous to that of a widow. The number of chil dren that were either fatherless, or were not living with their fathers, was 4,943, representing about one-fifth of the total number. Small Percentage In School. The percentage of school children in the total population five to nlno THE WEEKLY JEFFERSONIAN. years of age enumerated in the United States was 53.3, which is only a little higher than the percentage (50.6) shown for selected families included in this study. Os the number- of chil dren ten to fourteen years of age in these families, only 31.9 per cent were at school, while the corresponding per centage for the total number of chil dren of that age in the United States was 79.8. But after these children reach the age at which the opportuni ty for employment as wage earners begins, their school attendance suf fers. In the families with child breadwin ners, schooling rarely extends beyond the age of thirteen. Os the children fourteen years of age, 97.4 per cent were employed and only 1.6 per cent were at school. Illiteracy Percentage Large. Os the total number of children ten to fourteen years of age in the United States, 7.1 per cent were illiterate, as compared with 18.8 per cent for the child breadwinners of the same age in cluded in this tabulation. For the messengers and errand and office boys the per cent of illiteracy is compara tively small. By far the greatest degree of illitera cy is that shown for the children in cotton mills. In the south almost one half of the cotton mill operatives ten to fourteen years of age are illiterate, and about one-fourth of those fifteen to twenty years of age. The smaller percentage in the older group of oper atives would indicate that a good many of these children learn to read and write after they are ten years of age. But the percentage of illiteracy in the older group is still very high, render ing it probable that large numbers of these children are destined to re main illiterate for the rest of their lives. H * We read in Greek mythology of a mighty w'restler, Anteus, who renewed his strength every time he touched his Mother Earth, and there fore he was invincible. This story, so beautifully told in the Greek hea then mythology, is but an allegory of the farmer. He has been the power of every land and clime through all the ages, and his strength comes from the soil, from the kindly, generous touch of Mother Earth. And this coun try needs to get back in closer touch with its vitality, the farmer classes. We need more farmers in our law making bodies, state and national, that the great bodies politic may have their spirit renewed and revivified by coming in touch with the spirit of the plain, common people. We want laws, state and national, more in ac cord with the wishes and hopes of the people as a whole and not of this, that or the other class. The people do -not go astray and if the farmers will just assert their rights and run things awhile, we will see our blessed coun try swing back into the old channel and go on her way proudly, honorably, honestly, rightly to a worldly destiny, grand, splendid, powerful and magnifi cent beyond conception.—Farmers’ Un ion Banner, Winnfield, La. M K H TICKETS AND PLATFORM. It is the duty of every good citi zen to examine the two party plat forms and the two tickets, beginning with state tickets and covering coun ty and legislative. Examination should be made of both men and prin ciples, and after doing so each indi vidual should cast his vote for what he believes to be good citizenship, which means to so vote as to promote the best interests of the country. Any man who is such a blind parti san that he prefers to elect a man of his own party because in some man ner he has managed to get on the ticket, no matter how unfit he may be —in preference to some good and creditable man nominated by an op posing party—is in a deplorable con dition of mind, and is forgetful of the first duty he owes to his country, that of good citizenship. So long as the voters will blindly follow the lead of an arrogant machine, and refuse to repudiate at the polls unfit nomina tions, just so long will the people have corruption of the grossest sort in politics. If the machine is per mitted to corrupt a party, and the voters step in and endorse that cor ruption, but little can be expected in the way of reform, or good govern ment. The machine politician will always try to belittle independence within the party. He will cry lustily “party loyalty” when it only means subject ing one’s self to the machine. What he wants, is to continue to hold the power he has already secured, ami gather in more, and consequently when the rank and file of the voters begin to show independence his power is threatened. As was noted at the outset, every voter should carefully examine the party platforms and tickets and when voting for public officials make the same kind of a choice that he would if he was about to engage the officials voted for to conduct his business af fairs. Do not fear in any manner the “boss politician,” the people are about ready to discharge that class of men, and they expect each voter to do his duty to his country, by voting for what he believes to be right, and with out submitting to the dictation of any political machine. —Search Light. It H BILLY GRIMES. “Tomorrow morn I’m sweet sixteen, And Billy Grimes the drover, Has popped the question to me, ma, And asked to be my lover. Tomorrow morn, he says, mamma, He’s coming here quite early To take a pleasant walk 'with me Across the fields of barley.” “Oh, hold your tongue, my daughter, dear, There’s no use now of talking. You shall not go across the fields With Billy Grimes a-walkinr. To think of his presumption, too, The dirty, ugly drover! I wonder where your pi ide has gone, To think of such a lover!” “Old Grimes is dead, you know, mamma, And Billy is so lonely. Besides they say, to Grimes estate That Billy is the only Surviving heir to all that’s left, And that, they say, is nearly A cool ten thousand dollars, ma, About six hundred, yearly.” “My daughter, dear, I did not hear Your last remaiks quite clearly; But Billy is a clever lad. And no doubt loves you dearlv. Remember then, tomorrow morn, To he ur> bright and early. To take a pleasant walk with him Across the fields of barley.” —The Hornet. M •?, WHEN WOLVES GROW WOOL. Tlie idea of Wall street supplying the monev to build farmers warehous es. and to help “distressed” cotton! It is enough to make a horsp laugh. When lamhs have tushes and wolves grow wool, this will happen.— National Cooperator. • 5