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HE THOUGHT HE’D SEE HOW WASHINGTON’S STUFF WORKED By RUBE GOLDBERG
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The County Agent’s Corner
EDITED BY N. D. McRAINEY
CASH FARM INCOME
RISES 140 PERCENT
IN 7-YEAR PERIOD
Total cash farm income of Georgia
farmers increased 140 percent during
Careers in Engineering
By R. T. Strohm
Dean, International
Correspondence Schooh
MANY a fond parent who sees
little junior busy over his
mechanical toys tells his friends
"My son shows great promise as
an engineer”.
Which may or may not be true.
Probably not. Many a boy with
aptitude for using tools will be hap
pier as a machinist, carpenter or
plumber. For engineering requires
an ability to reason, to figure and
to imagine.
Every bridge, loom or airplane
must first be conceived and de
scribed by drawings before a stone
is laid, a shuttle built, or an engine
cylinder cast.
Since the plan precedes the con
struction, the work of the engineer
as a designer requires an under
standing of mathematics, a knowl
edge of such sciences as physics,
chemistry, metallurgy before a line
is drawn or a rivet hammered into
place.
Only after youth has an adequate
understanding of the sciences and
an insight intowhat other engineers
have done in any branch of engi
neering is he adequately prepared
to devote his energy, study and
thought to his chosen field.
One obvious test of engineering
ability is to begin the study of en
gineering fundamentals. The young
man who finds this study fascinat
ing. no matter how hard the going,
can be fairly certain he has with
perseverance the inherent interest
to assure success in engineering as
a profession.
Hatching by Electricity Is
Low-Cost and Trouble-Free
Electrical incubation—as In this small cabinet-type model—usually yields
more chicks than other methods of hatching.
ALTHOUGH the poultry industry
is becoming highly specialized,
and many people are totally depen
dent upon it for their livelihood, a
majority of farms—regardless of type
—have flocks ranging from a few to
several hundred birds. For them, as
for the poultry specialist, electricity
is a most important factor in econom
ical management and profitable op
eration.
One of its many uses, in which
there has been a marked increase
during the past few years on general
farms as well as among commercial
hatcheries and poultrymen, is in in
cubators. For several reasons, elec
trical operation of such units is ideal.
It does not spoil the air in producing
heat; it is clean; safe; labor saving;
and. varying with the size, permits
certain or all of the following factors
to be automatically controlled—tem
perature, ventilation, humidity, lights
and turning.
There are two general types of elec
trical incubators — radiant-heat and
cabinet. The former, similar in many
respects to the kerosene - operated
unit, usually has the heating elements
attached to the underside of the top
from whence the heat is radiated di
rectly to the eggs—ventilation being
the seven-year period, 1932 to *1939,
putting it at a level in 1938 within
26 percent of the high income received
in 1929, J. W. Fanning, farm manage
ment specialist for the Agricultural
Extension Service, said this week.
Total cash farm income in 1929 was
$207,489,000, compared with only $64,-
473,000 in 1932, a decrease of 70 per
cent, Mr. Fanning said, in citing some
adjustments in Georgia’s agriculture
during the last decade. The state’s
1938 farm income was placed at
$154,854,000.
Cash income from crops decreased
72 percent from 1929 to 1932, and
during the next seven years, increased
148 percent over the 1932 level, or
within 30 percent of the 1929 total
of $177,229,000. The value of the
1932 production was only $49,770,000,
as compared with $123,565,000 last
year.
Income from livestock and livestock
products slumped 51 percent from
1929 to 1932, then took an upward
trend of 113 percent over 1932 during
the following seven years. Livestock
and livestock products brought $30,-
260,000 in 1929, $14,715,000 in 1932,
and $31,289,000 in 1938, an increase of
three percent over the 1929 total.
“Cash income from crops decreased
more rapidly from 1929 to 1932 than
did that from livestock and livestock
products, but has since 1932 increased
more rapidly,” Mr. Fanning pointed
out. “Income from crops as yet has
not reached its level of 1929, while
cash income from livestock and its
products has exceeded the 1929 level
by three percent.
“The price received for cotton is the
dominant factor in the present Geor
gia cash farm income situation, not
only from the standpoint of crops, but
from all commodities," he continued.
accomplished by natural convection.
This type of heating most often is em
ployed in smaller incubators.
In the cabinet unit, generally used
by large hatcheries, heat is not ap
plied directly to the eggs but is used
to warm the air which then is circu
lated throughout the incubator. Ven
tilation is obtained either by the cir
culation of the air or by force fan.
When proper humidity is main
tained, there appears to be little dif
ference in the hatching efficiency of
the different types or models of elec
tric incubators. However, in each case
the directions of the manufacturer
should be followed carefully to obtain
the best results.
Current consumption depends upon
the type and construction of the in
cubator and the temperature of the
room in which it is kept. Generally, it
•varies from about 200 kw.-hr. per
1,000 eggs for units holding 150 eggs
or less, to approximately 20 kw.-hr.
for one having a capacity of 16,000 to
20,000 eggs. At five cents per kw.-hr.
(many utilities provide this service at
even lo wer rates), this gives a hatch
ing cost of from 1/10 to 1 cent an egg.
the lower cost being for the largest
incubators because of their generally
superior construction and inaulation.
•“Cotton production obtainable from
present allotted acres would be suf
। ficient at 1929 cotton prices to in
: crease the total cash farm income
from all commodities in the state to
a level greater than that of 1929.”
Mr. Fanning also called attention to
the fact that Georgia farmers had in
creased their per-acre yield of lint
; cotton from 184 pounds during the l
■ period 1928-32, to 237 pounds in the i
' 1933-37 period.
—
! Home Demonstration
Column
WOULDN’T YOU?”
■ “I have only one mouth, but my ears 1
| are two,
So I’ll only tell one half that I hear,'
wouldn’t you?
• I’ll tell all the good and the sweet |
and the true,
i But the rest I’ll try to forget,
wouldn’t you?”
—B. R. Stevens.
* * *
•HOG KILLING TIME
Now that hog killing time is here
it is up to housewives to make the
best use of the trimmings to sausage,
hog head cheese, scrapple and other
delightful dishes.
* * *
MAKING SAUSAGE
Sausage may be made one of the
most desirable and appetizing of all
pork products. To make the best
sausage the sausage grinder should
be equipped with two combs or plates
having 1-2 and 1-8 inch holes. Al
most every housewife has a different
sausage recipe, but here is a good one:
4 pounds trimmings, 5 level teas
poons salt, 4 level teaspoons ground
sage, 3 level teaspoons ground pepper,
1-2 level teaspoon ground cloves or 1
level teaspoon nutmeg, and 1 teas
poon sugar. Mix seasoning, spread
over trimmings and the whole quan
; tity ground through the fine plate—
lor grind unseasoned meat through a
plate with 1-2 inch hole and then mix
■ it with the spices and regrind through
। a plate with 1-8 inch holes.
* ♦ *
|TRY HOG HEAD CHEESE
—
i Make deep cuts in the jowls, cover
' with water and simmer until the meat
I is well done and slips easily from the
! bones. Cut meat into small pieces,
I mix with the water in which the meat
' was cooked. Return mixture to ket
i tie and bring to good boil. Add the
। seasoning at the beginning of the
‘ second cooking. For each 100 pounds
j cooked meat add: 2 to 2% pounds
| salt, 3 to 5 ounces black pepper, 1-4
to 1 ounce red pepper, 1 ounce cori
ander (if desired), 2 ounces sweet
marjoram (if desired). Spread in flat
pan and press together with a
weighted cover and allow to cool.
♦ * *
DONT OVERLOOK SCRAPPLE
Scrapple, an especially favored
breakfast dish in many sections is
composed of cooked pork and soup
thickened with corn meal, flour and
sometimes shorts.
For each hog head you will need
4 or 5 quarts of water and enough
corn meal to make a soft mush. Sepa
rate the head into halves, take out
the eyes and brain, scrape and thor
oughly clean the head. Put into large
kettle and cover with the 4 or 5
quarts of water and simmer gently for
2 or 3 hours, until meat falls from
bones. Skim grease carefully from
surface, remove meat, chop lean meat
fine, grind skim and fat and return
to liquor. Sift in granulated yellow
or white corn meal, stirring constant
ly until it attains the consistency of
soft mush. Cook slowly for 1 hour,
watching carefully as it scorches
easily. When cool pour into greased
oblong tin and place in cold place.
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When ready to serve, cut in thin slices
and fry crisp brown. Scrapple may
also be canned.
» » »
RENDERING LARD
The leaf fat makes the best lard,
the back fat second best and the gut
fat the poorest. Cut the fat into small
cubes and it is not necessary to re
move the skin. Place the fat in a
cool, thoroughly cleaned kettle, cook
over a moderate fire and stir to pre
vent the fat from sticking to kettle
or scorching. When little white
blisters form on the cracklings, and
the cracklings turn brown, and float,
it will soon be time to remove the lard
from the fire. As a final test, dip
some of the cracklings up on the stir
ring paddle and if they fry themselves
dry very quickly, the lard is ready to
come off.
Strain lard through a cloth into
cans. As the lard cools it should be
stirred slowly in order to be whiter
and more uniform in texture. Cover
the cans tightly and keep in a cool
dry place.
‘See’ With Ears in Dark
According to a physiologist, if
you’re smart you can see in the
dark with your ears. Blind people
take greater advantage of the latent
possibilities of the human ear than
do persons with unimpaired sight.
TESTED RECIPE
—By fratuet Lgt Barton-—-
ONCE upon a time there dwelt
in the fashionable English
watering-place of Bath a lady by
the homely name
of Sally Lunn —
she ought to be
the patron saint
of all folk who
gather together
for an afternoon
visit and refresh
ment. For she
I made a famous
little tea cake
which bears her name. But we’ve
improved Sally’s original recipe.
Today we make our Sally Lunns
more quickly — and more surely,
with the aid of double-acting bak
ing powder and cake flour, to give
that feathery lightness so essential
to hot breads.
Quick Sally Lunns
2 cups sifted cake flour; 2 tea
spoons double - acting baking
powder; % teaspoon salt; % cup
butter or other shortening; 4 table
spoons sugar; 1 egg, well beaten;
1 cup milk.
Sift flour once, measure, add
baking powder and salt, and sift
again. Cream shortening, add sugar,
and cream together thoroughly.
Combine egg and milk. Add flour
to creamed butter and sugar, alter
nately with milk mixture, a small
amount at a time; beating after
each addition until smooth. Bake
In greased muffin pans in hot oven
(425° F.) 25 minutes, or until done.
Makes 12.
Ants Circle Foe in Hunting
The black hunting ants of Trini
dad—the cazadores—form a com
plete circle around an enemy and
close in on it
CMNAPSHOT GUILD
CREATING PICTURE CHANCES
A “created’’ picture—the photographer spilled the milk, and the kitten did
the rest. Develop natural situations to get more interesting shots.
IT’S fun to look for picture oppor
* tunities — but it’s more fun to
create them. And many of the finest
picture chances are created deliber
ately by the photographer.
If you wait for things to arrange
themselves for a picture, you’re just
trusting to luck, and you may have
a long wait. But if you take a few
steps to create a situation, you'll
find it easier to get just the picture
you want—when you want it.
For example, look at the picture
above. Is there any point in waiting
for such a situation to occur natur
ally? Not a bit. It’s much simpler to
spill the milk right where you want
it—place the kitten where you wish
—and shoot. A kitten knows what to
do when he’s face to face with milk.
There are many such occasions
where a little arrangement is a big
help. Use a bait to tempt a pet to the
best spot for a picture. Give the
baby an amusing toy—or place an
automatic music-box beside him —
and he’ll pose, completely unaware
of the camera. Provide some action
for an older child to carry out—a
doll to dress, a book to read, a model
boat to work on. The action provides
a theme or story which improves the
picture.
In shooting outdoor scenes or
landscape pictures, try having a
friend stand in the foreground, look
ing at the scene you plan to picture.
LEGAL NOTICES
TAX LEVY
CITY OF NEWTON
A meeting of the City Council was
held in called session on December
11, 1939, with the following members
present: Mayor C. C. Merritt, J. R.
Rhodes, J. B. Hall and Dr. B. P. Short.
The meeting was called to order and
presided over by the Mayor.
The purpose of this meeting was to
assess a tax millage for the year
1939. The following Resolution was
voted and passed by the Council:
BE IT RESOLVED, by the City
Council, the Mayor concurring, that
three mills on the dollar or three dol
lars on the thousand (in addition to
all Special Licenses) be, and the same
is hereby assessed, levied and fixed
as the rate of taxation for the purpose
of paying the interest and principal
on the Waterworks Bonds, on all tax
able property in the City of Newton
for the year of 1939. .
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, by
authority aforesaid that two mills on
the dollar or two dollars on the thou
sand (in addition to all Special Li
censes) be, and the same is hereby',as
sessed, levied, and fixed as the rate
of taxation for General City Purposes;
that is to say for the purpose of pay
ing Policeman and other current ex
penses of the City of Newton, on all
taxable property in the City of New
ton for the year 1939 and the Clerk
is hereby instructed to make out and
collect City Taxes at said rates for
said year.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED by
authority aforesaid that a copy of this
order be entered upon the minutes
of the City Council and that the same
be published as provided by law.
This the 11th day of December 1939.
C. C. MERRITT, Mayor
J. R. RHODES, Councilman
J. B. HALL, Councilman
B. P. SHORT, Councilman
Attest: Claire Fisk, Clerk.
There being no further business to
come before the body a motion was
made by J. R. Rhodes and seconded
by J. B. Hall that meeting adjourn
subject to call.
C. C. MERRITT, Mayqr.
CLAIRE FISK, Clerk.
Most Popular Fish
America’s most popular fish aro
the black bass and the crappie, ac
cording to a survey conducted ia
every state by the National Wildlife
federation.
Such a figure adds foreground inter
est, and directs attention to the
scene beyond. In picturing snow
scenes, tramp out a path leading into
the scene where it will help the com
position of the picture. Such devices
often add better pictorial quality
to your shots.
In taking action shots, don’t trust
to chance. If possible, arrange with
your subject to have the desired ac
tion take place at a chosen spot.
Then you can focus in advance, and
be all ready to shoot. For exaipple,
to get a good shot of a sled spill,
arrange for Johnny to flip his sled
over at a selected spot near the bot
tom of the hill. This idea also works
for many other sports—summer and
winter.
Table - top photography Is of
course outright creation —you build
the subject completely before shoot
ing it. That’s why “table-topping” is
so much fun —it allows plenty of
room for imagination and original
ity. Still-life pictures are also a mat
ter of arrangement... and your skill
in composing the subject-matter de
termines the quality of the picture.
Never be a lazy photographer.
Don’t “let well enough alone.” Al
ways try to improve the picture—or,
get a first shpt of the subject as it
is, and then try to arrange a better
one. That’s the way the finest pic
tures are made.
John, van Guilder