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d’Alene in 1899 to escape imprison ment in the bullpen. It is to be admitted by the defence that Orchard, a member of the West ern Federation, visited headquarters and was given the same treatment that was accorded to other members of the union. His relations with Pettibone were also admitted, except that there was ever any plot or con spiracy to kill any one or destroy anybody’s property. After Darrow closed, witness aft er witness, members of the Western Federation of Miners, as well as men who have never been members of any labor union, took the stand day after day and tore Orchard’s evidence to shreds. Here, for instance, is the testi mony of W. B. Easterly, the union secretary, whom Orchard accus°d of being a dynamiter in Cripple Creek. Easterly frankly admits that he carried a six-shooter when he went into Victor the day of the riot, and that after he fled from the Citizens’ Alliance and mine owners’ deputies he hiked to his cabin and got his shotgun. In the course of the long examination Easterly was called up on frequently to deny the assertions of Orchard that he had vouched for Orchard in headquarters, or he had gone with Orchard and helped to blow up the Vindicator mine. He tells that Orchard threatened to kill Steunenberg, and Senator Borah got after him pretty hot on his neglect to inform the authorities when he learned that Orchard was in Cald well. *‘l was not an informer along that line,” was Easterly’s reply, “and besides, I did not know that Steun enberg lived in Caldwell. I did not think anything of nor recall Or chard’s threats till after he was ar rested and confessed, implicating Haywood, Moyer, Pettibone and oth ers.” Important also is the testimony of Joe Scholtz, a Ciipple Creek miner, who says that he was in the midst of the Colorado troubles, but did not know Orchard. Orchard said that Scholtz went with him to blow up the Vindicator mine, but the other day, when this Joe Scholtz stood up in the courtroom, the State’s witness declared he was not the man. Thomas Wood, a non-unionist, who entered the Vindicator mine as a timberman after the strike began, swears that the night before the ex plosion he placed a box containing twenty-five pounds of giant powder at the shaft of the eighth level. He saw the powder the next morning shortly after 10 o’clock, and a few minutes later Superintendent Mc- Cormick and Foreman Beck came to the eighth level. They remained but a short time, and left to go to the sixth level, where they were killed. Wood swore that when he reached the shaft twenty minutes later th* powder was gone, and it was a reas onable inference that McCormick and Beck took it with them. Wood testified that he had seen a revolver in Beck’s pocket, that the fragments of only one revolver were found in the sixth level, and that the bodies of McCormick and Beck were blown apart, indicating that the explosion had occurred between them. Orchard said that he fixed a re- volver with a wire attached so that when the safety bar was raised, it would send a bullet into the giant powder he had placed. One witness for the State has sworn that he later found a wire attached to the safe*y bar, but Wood said that he careful ly examined the safety bar, and found nothing attached to it. C. D. Copley swears that he heard Orchard tell of the loss of the Her cules mine, and threatening to kill Steunenberg for it. And this is but one day’s result of the assault on Orchard’s story. W. F. “Bill” Davis, who, Orchard swore, led 1,000 miners from the canyons of the Coeur d’Alenes to Wardner, Idaho, on April 29, 1899, and dynamited the Bunker Hill-Sul lian mill; who, in Cripple Creek, he declared, offered him SSOO to blow up the Vindicator mine, and told him of plans to wreck trains filled with non-union men; who, he asserted, suggested the blowing up of the In dependence railroad station—this same “Bill” Davis held the atten tion of every person in the courF room for two hours of the Haywood trial. Davis testified: “I was not a member of the un ion when the mill was blown up,” he said. He had never met Orchard in the Coeur d’Alenes. The first time he saw him was in May, 190?, in a union hall in Cripple Creek. Orchard said he had been a member of the union and, although he had no card, the union took him in. Dav is was soon elected president of the union. Then came the sympathetic strike in August, 1903, soon followed by the arrival of troops. Davis was chairman of the Strike Committee. Soon after the strike began he encoun tered Orchard in the union hall while the subject of the deportations • of miners from Idaho Springs, Colo., was being discussed. Orchard, he testified, said Gov. Peabody was acting like Gov. Steun enberg, and he proposed to “get” Steunenberg and Sinclair, former Idaho Secretary of State, some time. Davis told how the unions went out of business in Cripple Creek the day after the Independence explosion. He was in Denver attending the Fed eration convention at the time. He left Denver for Wyoming, and met Orchard at John Neville’s home in Cheyenne. He worked in Wyoming for several months under his assumed name. He emphatically denied that he had ever offered Orchard any money at any time to commit vio lence, and declared that he knew nothing about the Vindicator mine explosion or the train wrecking until after they had occurred. John M. O’Neill editor of the Miners’ Magazine, testified that the periodical reflected the opinions of the Federation, that Haywood had little to do with it, and that he (O’Neill) was responsible for the ed itorials and comment for the past five years. He saw Orchard two or three time? at headquarters. The last time was in January, when Or chard entered his office and asked for the addresses of Gov. Peabody and Sherman Bell. O’Neill referred him to the city directory. Orchard, he testified, went out saying: “They ought to be bumped off.” WATSON’S WEEKLY JEFFERSONIAN. Czar Accused. The Social Revolutionist and La bor members of the late Duma, num bering 139 deputies, issued at St. Petersburg a manifesto remarkable because for the first time the Em peror is attacked by name for breach of faith. Heretofore all the sins against the people have been laid to the government. “Citizens: You sent us to fight for freedom, for the rights of the people, for land and liberty. The Duma majority was in opposition. It rejected laws increasing the power of the government bureaucrats, it de manded an accounting of repressions of peasants and workingmen and of bestialities in prisons; its commit tees elaborated many laws and pro jects covering the most important needs of the people, and its Agrarian Commission accepted the principle of the compulsory expropriation of land. “The Radical Deputies made ev ery effort to keep in touch with the people, but the government used un precedented measures to prevent this. Our letters to the electors .were con fiscated, our messengers frequently were arrested, our papers were stop ped and the editors who were mem bers of the Duma are now to be pros ecuted. “The Government dissolved the Duma because it needs an obedient Duma which will support the inter ests of the aristocrats. “The Emperor did not hesitate to violate his proclamation of October 30, the Fundamental Laws and his solemn promise given at the Winter Palace to the Deputies of the first Duma to defend the liberties grant ed to the people. He announced be fore the whole peopl that the Elec tion law would only be modified with the assent of the Duma, but now, without the permission of the Du ma, the people’s rights are trampled upon and the Government, relying on bayonets, openly pursue a course of forcible violation of the law, “The new election law limits the rights of the peasants and working men and increases th<lse of the land owners and merchants. The repre sentation of Siberia, the Caucasus and Poland is decreased and some parts of the country are disfran chised, while the Minister of the In terior and the Governors are given great powers to manipulate elec tions. The third Duma will not in clude defenders of the interests of the proletariat.” Guns Turned on Lords. Premier Campbell-Bannerman of fered in the House of Commons at London, his resolution curtailing the power of the House of Lords: “That in order to give effect to the will of the people as expressed by their elected representatives, it is necessary that the power of the other House to alter or reject bills passed by this House should be so restricted by law as to secure that within the limits of a single Parlia ment the final decision of the House of Commons shall prevail.” A Tennement House Collapses. In the collapse of a ramshackle, four-story brick building at the cor ner of Walker and Lafayette streets, New York City, seven Italians were killed, .tfji Mb.,-—. M. w—- L . Reform the Watchword. The Georgia Legislature began its opening session promptly at 10 o’clock last Wednesday morning. Senator John W. Akin was elected president of the senate, and John M. Slaton, of Fulton, speaker of the house. Many reform measures will be introduced. Tn his message, Hon. Joseph M. Terrell, the retiring governor, spoke of the last four years as the most prosperous in the history of the state. In a comparative table of figures he shows that the taxable values of the state have increased on an average of .$40,000,000 a year since 1902. Governor Terrell devotes consider able space to the subject of taxation, in which he calls attention to thp fact that the laws upon this subject are substantially the same as they* were a century ago and do not afford ample machinery for enforcing the advalorem requirement of the Con stitution, such as the honest tax payer is entitled to receive from the state. Our first Constitution was more liberal to education than the present one in the opinion of Governor Ter rell. He recommends an amendment which will permit of appropriations in assistance of high schools. He advocates larger funds for public schools and more liberal salaries to teachers, and insists that one of the gretaest evils is the failure of the present law to provide for their prompt payment. He says that either a reserve fund must be held in the treasury or the scholastic year must be changed from the calendar year to extend from September 1 to Au gust 31. He recommends that the first eight months of 1908 be consti tuted a special school year, and the two and a half months’ support be provided by appropriating special taxes. The governor recommends that the State School of Agriculture receive an increase in the appropriation of $35,000 annually. He also recom mends an increase in the apprepria tion to the State Normal Sch 01, and that some needed improvements be made. He also advocates that the legislature pass an amendment where by the legislature may relieve col lege endowments from taxation. The proposed law creating a state board of examiners for trained nurs es meets the approval of the gover nor. He asks that pension claims be considered at once. Judge Loving Acquitted. After being in the jury-room forty five minutes, the jury last Saturday evening returned a verdict of “not guilty” in the case of former Judge William G. Loving. Judge Loving shot and killed Tlieodore Estes, son of Sheriff M. K. Estes, of Nelson county, Virginia, on April 22, at Oakridge, following a buggy ride Es tes had taken with the judge’s daughter, Miss Elizabeth Loving, who told her father that her escort had drugged and assaulted her. The plea for the defense was “the unwritten law.” On this point at torneys Moore and Lee for the de fense spoke as follows: Mr. Moore said: “You would not raise the moral standard or elevate the womanhood of Virginia by con (Continued on Page Thirteen.), PAGE FIVE