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Sfttklq (Bxamincr. 8 lsf>s. =___ - H. V. JOHNSON. OF BALDWIN THE EXAMINER FOR THE CAMPAIGN The proprietor propose* to furnish the Exami ner, during the ensuing campaign, that is, until i the first <>( November, upon the following terms. The Daily to all cash subscribers, at the low price of one dollar and fifty cents. And the Weekly, for fifty cents per copy. In no case will the paper be sent until the price of subscription be paid. • The Examiner has now a circulation in upper Georgia, and elsewhere, not surpassed by any paper in the interior of Georgia, and- equal, it is believed, to any in the State. Every exertion will be used to render it acceptable as a political jour nal to the Democracy, as well as to make its news and miscellaneous department, equal to any other journal in the State. At the low prices at which both the Daily and Weekly Examiner are now offered, for the cam paign, no one need be .without a paper. The ' pr prietor is induced to make the offer he does as I much for the benefit of the democratic party i.s for his own. Send the eash and th< paper will be regularly mailed to all who desire it. EDITORIAL CHANGES. George W. Roberts has disposed of his interest in the North Georgia Times, published at Dalton, to Col. J. N. Cate, who will hereafter bit the Ed- “ itor and Proprietor of that paper. James T. Blain, has sold his interest in the ' Tempermce Banner to J. H. Beals. Editor of; that paper. The Marietta Georgian is henceforth to be un- ’ der the control of Mr. Simeon A. Atkinson, who ; has been heretofore assisted in its editorial de partment, by Mr. Goodman. NEWS BY* THE AFRICA. Tlqe Africa brings one week's later in telligence. Large sales of Cotton had taken place at Liverpool at an advance of one-fourth pence. The market closed lively. Breadstuff's were dull. Money easy and stock advancing. Affairs at Sevastopol unchanged. And attack upon the allies on the tield was contemplated by Pelessier. The Russians outworks in ; the last engagement were destroyed by the French. The Watchman — by J. A. M.; New York, Ixjlig A Brother, Hit Nassau street. For sale at Kuy’s Cheap Book Stores. / We arc obliged to the courteous publishers for a copy of this new work. It is n companion to the Lamplighter, and will doubtless occupy a plar e by its side in every collection where the lat ter is found. We cannot say more in a hasty notice of the book, like this, than to commend it as free from the objectionable features generally characterizing these pictur. s of city life, and that, like the writer < I the Lamplighter, the author’s ap preciation of lifif under ground has been received without the contamination incident to the fre quenter of abodes of poverty and crime. The lighter shades of ti e portraits of the Watchman, are beautifully pencilled, and the whole would well ornament a centre table without disgracing • it. F BRUNSWICK ANDFLORfDA RAIL ROAD. The article from the Macon Telegraph, over ; the signature, “Georgian,” in our paper to-day, 1 on the Brunswick and Florida Kail Ruad, is one | of interest to the people of nur State, and we hope will receive their attention. In it the ques tion of State aid for the developement of South-' cm Georgia, is subinitted to their consideration. l and, in such a manner as to commend it to their approval*. This line of road is nlr that is needed to dvvelope the resources of that portion of Geor-! gia, which, up to thia period, has suffered more than any other section of the State for a market, and but for which thousands of its now unculti vated acres would be teeming with the rich pro ducts or our more avored cottoi & corn regions. But for the State Road, and how far behind the times would Cherokee Georgia now be 1 And when we turn to that period in the history of Rail Road improvements in our State, wh< n Slate aid was asked for our mountain country, the generous response of Southern < ieorgia sbou d never be forgotten. But ns we shall have mure to say, in future, on this subject, wu shall close by again asking for the writer of die article signed “Georgian” a hearing at the hands of our read- ers, PROPOSALITFOiR By ft reference to our adv, rtising c dumns it trill be seen that until the Isrh day of June next, the Southern Central Agricultural Society, through its Secret try. Mr. .1. Cam ik, will receive proposals f»r a largt> h. II of Lumber, to be deliver ed al the Fair Ground in this city by the 15th ot July next. THE VIRGINIA* ELECTION. By the I test returns, which are nearly com plete, it is supposed that Mr. Wian’s majority will ho about eleven thousand. The dem >cratic majority in the Legislature will be about forty. The dem *crats here carr ed every Congres sional district in the State Nearly n.tiPty thouaa d votes werf* cist tor Mr. Wise, which ia about twent? thousand m.»rj than Mr. P.erce received in 1852. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION We present our readers with a full account of the. proceedings of the Convention which met at Milledgeville on Tuesday last, tonuninato a can. diilate for Governor, embraced in two communi cations, written by our “Ju lior,” wh» attended there forth - purpose of rep ting the same, and incidents preceding sod connected ther 'with. It will he seen that by acclamation almost* our present Executive has been re-nominated f ■ election; and that the platform of principles put forth by the Convention, covers all the ground that could be expected ala crisis like the present. By the wise and patriotic the old Whig party > wiH doubtless he well rvc iveJ. while it cannot 'v the true denu craey of Georgia once the field of action. : ho present we have no sp*ict* for comment. • . k us mi indication of our future course, we take occasion to place at the head of the “Exam incr,” the name of our standard bearer—HEß- St’HEL V. JOHNSON— s the Democratic, Anti-Know Nothing. Can lidal* for Governor oi Georgia. EDITORIAL CORRESih;N DEAC E. Millndgxvillk JuncSih. 12 m. Ifevcm arrived, and am gratified to tin 1 so harmanmMbtei utleuAlance of the Democracy of Couwntidnshave excite.. wmurh interest or mo c fully developed * sei the pirty* ln.l ed it would -adcc- < t zcakm» care kn.! if the congregauxi intellect of we have it hr re. fails t > create a p’atfornii irgc enough h>r every Southern patriot. little hope is there for the Houth. Ev cry man I meet fudy appreciates an»l i« willing to set aside petty personal prejudices, and come I up with hearty good will to the maintenance of; : those principles which have so far preserved the; salvation of our Republic, and which now imper-I 1 atively demand the support ofall who would per- ’ petuate lhe civil and religious liberties of our cit* I zens. This feeling ia universal, and disorgani- ] zers, revolutionize™ and religious fanatics need ! expect no aid or comfort from the action of this * Convention. Those who looked eagerly for dis- ; affection and internal bickerings, as the result of that action, will be most wofully disappointed; i and if there are any here who came with the in- j tention of sowing the seeds of dissension they will I be frowned down, as they deserve, by an over-I whelming majority of thia dignified assemblage. I I have heard of none such here. There is no doubt ns to the man, and although I the few hours I have spent here has b>-r iwvoted ; to diligent inquiry upon this subject xns no I 'ounJ a man who will not willingly J- - Gov : Johnson. Southwestern Georgia, middle Geor-| ;ia, upper Georgia—all sections prefer* Cibound- ’ si confidence in his integrity, and ’■aqoalified tpproval of his administration, and will erect a slatform which will rally to his support every con. servative patriot in Georgia. The Know Nothings may expect some hot shot I from the Convention, which will do muchtobring j them to a sense of their duty tv the South - If, there is one in Milledgeville to-uoy, he will feel : that his to Sam must be at the expense of the forfeiture of the confrJence of Southern patriots, and he will quake in his shoes in con temptation of lhe effect this day's work will have upon his organization. The Convention organiz-d this morning at 1 (.“o’clock. On motion of H. Green, of Pike. Hon. Joseph Dey, o! Jones was called to the chair, for the purpose of organizing, and Lucius C. Briscoe, of of Wniton, and Edward D. Traey of Bibb were j requested to act as Secretaries. On motion of W. K. De Gratfenreid of Bibb a I Committee of three from each Congressional Die- ■ trict was appointed by the chair to select ’officers ‘ to preside over the Convention. I Ist, Charles Spalding, Thomas Purs - ’ and George Wilcov. ; 2d, R. H. D. SorrelT, John. C. Mounger, and A. ; J. Shine. I 4th, R. M. Stell, Thomas C. Howard and Wm. ■ I T. Anderson. > 6th, Jno. A. Crawford, M. J. Camden and James) Edmondson. 6th, Wm. L. Mitchell, Willis Kilgore and Geo j D. Phillips. 7th. J. 8. Reid, Samuel Robinson and Flemming ; Jordan. Bth, Thoa. E. Beall, Henry J. Schley,and George | Robertson. The Committee after retiring reported. Jar i Gardner of Richmond as President, and, Messrs. ■ 1 Phillipa. Camden, Mitchell, Gordon, and Wilcox i Vice Presidents—Messrs. Trary & Briscoe Secrc- ' twry. On taking his seat, Mr. Gardner spok- some sis- ! . teen minutes. I regret I have not time to report j’t in full. Ho referred to the dignity of the Con i vention, andthe bold announcement which it would make of the Democratic programme; ■ he \ contrasted this with the dark lantern convention assembled to-day at Philadelphia, which sat with closed doors up some hack stair. They darest not avow their principles, but Democratic principles would be to-day avowed, and defy attack. The new order had gone on. elate 1 by successes, until it reached Vi ginia. There it stopped. South of Mason and Dixon’s line, there Was no cOngenie. soil for Know Nothingism. He would have the arms of Democracy opened to ; receive patriotic whig*l : ke those in Virginia, who co-operated with Democracy there, to put down -the fanaticism ofKnow Nothingism. Mr. Gard- Kwas frequently interrupted by hearty plaudits i the Convention. [ On motion ofHrn. Howell Cobb, a committee [of three from each Congressional District was ! appointed to prepare matter for the action of the j | Convention, and while the President was making ' | the appointments, the Convention took n recess-1 f The committee constats of the following: j 6th Howell Cobb, Hardy Strickland and j John A. Headed, lit. John E Ward, Charles Spalding and Wm. TI. Stiles. 2nd James Hamilt >n, George S. Robin-j son and Leonidas B Mercer. ' 3d. R W. McCune. I, Q. C. Lamar and ’ I Nathan Bass. ; Ith. T. C. Howard, Luther J. Glenn and I I S. Lawrence. ' stb. Owen H Ketinn. Robt. B Young I and John A. Jones. ! 7th. Joseph A. Turner. Wm. McKinley and A J. Lane. ! Btb. E. Leßoy Anthony J J Martin and Thomas E Beall MI'LSDGKVitLB, June 6th 10 P. M. After dinner the Convention assembled and proceeded to ballot for the nomination which re- Milted as follow*: H. V. Johnson 260 John E. Ward 3 Joseph Day, 3 W. H. Btiles 3 Hiram Warren, I John W. Lewis 16 The result wa, announced by the president, I and received with unmistakeable gratification by the Convention. Here then is an end to ail the dissensions which for a brief season threatened a stormy Convention; no word of complaint, bu all, uniiing upon Johnson as the man forttie part ty. forgot whatever prejudice* had influenced their opposition and. in that shout the like of which seldom echoed in that Hail, gave nn un qualified allegiance to the man tliu- appointed to lead the fortunes of the party. Tlie committee on business reported the follow ing resolutions: Democratic principles and Democratic measures on all leading tpicstions of na tional policy, involving the subjects of fi nance and taxation, and appropriations of money, and of constitutional power in re ference thereto, have become the fixed and . settled policy ot the country. The issues therein involved, which formerly divided Southern Democrats and Whigs, nolonger' afford ground for cintinuedseparution and j conflict among them. Now. other ques- I tions of practical and paramount impot- I tance are pressing upon the earnest atten I tion of Southern men, and are of such a' ! nature as require cordial and fraternal' ’ concert of action among ail who concur in sentiment, upon those questions. . In view of these obvious truths, and to. I secure this concert of action, the Demo cratic party of Georgia in Convention a»- ' sembled, submit to their fellow citiaens thefollowingp tform and cordially and ear ncstly invite t , .o-operstion of all citizens of Geotgiu, regardless o all party distine tions. who desire t.> see them established the true basis of the constitutional and . just action of this government. Is , 7, In the language of the ' Georgia Convention ofußso, that we bold . the Anieric.iii Uuiou secondary in irap r ’ t.tnce only to the rights and principles it was de-iguedto perpetuate: that past asso , ciattons, present fruition, and future pr-is pects, will hind us to it so lung as it con- tinues to be the safe guard of those rights J and principles. 2d, Resolved, That we hereby declare our full and unqualified adhesion to the j following resoiuti nos the Georgia Con- , vention of 1860, and our unalterable de termination to maintain it in its letter and | spirit. 4th Resolution—Georgia Platform. That the State of Georgia, in the judg-1 m nt of this Convention, will and ought to ' resist, even (as a last resort) to a disrup- ; tion of every tie which binds her to the ! Union, any action of Congress upon the i subject of Slavery in the District of Co- i lumbia, or in places subject to the juris diction of Congress, incompatible with the i safety, domestic tranquility, the rights and | honor of the slave holdifig States, of any act suppressing the slave trade be tween the slaveholding States; or any re fu«a to adtni as a State any territory hereafte applying, because of the exist ence of slavery therein; or any act prohib iting the introduction of slaves into the . territories of Uah and New Mexico; or any act repealing or materially modifying the laws in force for the recovery of fugi tive slaves. 3J. Resolved, That we approve and en dorse the action of our last Congress in the passage of the Nebraska-Kansas act and the principles, the people of Kansas have the right when the number of their pop ulation justifies it, to form a Republican State Constitution with or without slavery as thej' may determine, and be admitted into the Union upon an equal tooting with the other States, and I hat her rejection by Congress, on account of slavery, would be a just cause for the disruption of all the ties that bind the State of Georg a to the Union. 4tA, Resoled, That we adopt as our own I the following Resolution passed unani- I inously by the last Legislature of Geor- by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia. That opposition to the principles of the Nebraska Bill, in re lation to the. übject of s is regarded as the people of the Soutiflnd that all per - sons who partake in su»h opposition are ! unfit to be recognized as component parts i of any party or organization not hostile to j the South.’’ 5/7i. Resolved, That in accordance with the above Resolution, whilst we are wil ling to act in party as ociation with all sound and reliable men in every section of the Union, we are not willing to affiliate with any party that shall not recognize, approve and carry out the principles an provisions of the Nebraska Kansas net, — and that the Dernoc-ra ic Party of Georgia will cut off all party connection with every man and party at the North or elsewhere, thut does not coni? up t'ul y and I’aiiiy to this line of action. f) h Resolved, That the National Dem ocracy of the North, who have particular ally fought for the Kansas and Nebraska Acts and the maintainanee -of the Fugi tive Slave Law, against the combined forces of Know Nothings and abolitiohism which seek their repeal, and who stand pledged to support the admission of Kan sas into the Union us a slave State, should she ask it, merit the heartfet sym pathies, thanks and encouragement of Southern men in their patriotic position. Tth Res Ived, That in the National Democratic party of the North alone, have been found those patriotic men who have thus stood by the i ights of the South and judging the luture, by the past, that party is the only organization at the North that now exists or can be formed, with which the South can casistently cooper ate 8/7i Resolved, That we sypathize with the friends of the slavery cause, in Kan sas, in their manly efforts to maintain their rights and the rights and interests of the Southern people, and that we re joice at their recent victories over the paid adventurers at.d Jesuitical hords of northern abolition isui, That the deep interest felt and taken by the people of Missouri in the settlement of Kansas and the decision of tin the slavery question in it, is both natural and proper, and that it is their right and duty to extend to their Southern brethren in that territory every legitimate and honoiable sympathy and support. Bth Resolved, That we are uncompro misingly opposed to the political organiza tion commonly called the Know Nothing Order, or American Party, having no sympathy with their seoresy, their oaths their nnstontitutional designs, their religi ous intelernnee, their political proscription and their abolition associations at the North. Oth. R'solved, That we hail with de light the late signal triumph in Virginia 1 of the Democratic Party, and of the pa triotic Whigs, who co-operated in achiev ing that result over the Know Nothing , organization, as conclusive evidence, that [in the great practical questions in | volved in that contest. Southern men may honorably and successfully combine, with 1 out regard to past political distinctions, : to save the constitution from desecration. [ and the South from being prostrated be- I fore the power of Northern fanaticism and misrule. 10th. Resolved, That political necessity and the embarrassments constantly nris ; ing from our comm-rcial relations with Spain, alike dictate the policy of the an ' nexation of Cuba to this country, at the i earliest period, eptnpatible with our na- ■ tional honor and treaty obligations 11th Resolved, That the democratic ■ and national principles declared and set ! forth in the inaugural address and annu al messages of President Pierce, meet our cordial approval, and that be is entitled to the thanks of the country, for his en forcement of the Nebraska-Kansas bill, his faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave law, lis various vetoes, and other mea-nres of administrative policy in con formity to those principles. 12th. Resolved, That the administra tion of Gov. Johnson meets our sppreval. and we confidently r him to the people of Georgia : tier, to the office he has so ablv . fully filled The reading of every resolution was inter, rupted by outbursts of enthusiastic applause; ther were ps sed amid clisere f on. I have not time to comment upon these resolutions fur ther tiiun that they - - 1 a hearts endorse ment from nearly e- ' - r p w^n ,. Mr. Jones, ol I J : ■ . ke out the last rrs.’lntion. a-d u.. .ag y the Gov ernor that he had en loreed several acts of the Superintendent of the Stare R--ad, which he con sidered objectionable. M '’•trse. of Chatham, responded briefly and w .ed by a cal! far •the question." which l-» - «, r ut,the motion was hast, only a faint neg i ■ • o tng heard. CapL Nelson, of f ult >n. moved to amend the committee’s report with -he following resolution 1 chusctts and the threatened action of other North- [ ern States, no protection either of person or prop-1 erty shall be extended to the cit.zene of any State 'hat r- fuaes to recognize the constitutional rights of the South, and that it is the duty of the South- i ern States, so to shape their legislation as to ren- i der this Resolution effective—and we hereby i pledge ourselves to use our efforts to effect the ; same. He sustained the resolution in appropriate re marks, in his usual earnest style. A discussion arose upon the resolution, in which Col. Lomax, of Muscogee, and Col. Howard, of Fulton, and others participated. Hon. Howell Cobb offered the following as a substitute, which was accepted - and passed unanimously. 131, Resolved, That in view of the action of the Legislatures of Massachusetts and Vermont, and the threatened action of other Northern States, virtually repealing the fugitive slave law, and denj ing to the citizens of the South their constitutional rights, we recommend to our next Legis lature the adoption of such retaliatory measures as their wisdom may suggest, land shall be in conformity with constitu i tional obligations. The report was then adopted. The Convention was then addressed by Messrs. Cobb, Styles, Ward, Dr. McGhee, Lamar, and our fellow-citizen, Col. Cowart, whose facetious | remarks made him the lion of the day and eve- I ning. y Governor Johnson Was then called for. and re sponded with thanks for the honor conferred. He had endeavored to do his duty, and if he had failed he had not done so knowingly. He ac cepted the nomination and to the best-of his abil ity would behr aloft the banner of the party. — The re’olutb ns met his hearty approval, and upon such a platform he did not fear for the triumph of Democracy. He was unprepared to make a speech; but if ia was asked for his views upon the Know Nothing organization, he would point to that picture (of LaFayette) as his speech.— There el! that was noble, and pure, al. that was good, all that was patriotic, stood pict tured. He traced hi* course from his first adhe rence to the revolutionary cause; h? pictured him I in triumphant processions bending under the I weight of adulation paid him by American hearts.' He then drew a veil from Mount Vernon, and j pictured him there, bowed with sorrow by the tomb of Washington, adding his tears to those which showered upon it irom Americans. And yet, said he, LaFayette was a foreigner and a Catholic. Thus ended the Convention, in the best of feeling, and lhe delegates will return to their homes with a gratified consciousness that while tiiey have literally “lammed Sam out of his boots,” they have left no point vulnerable to hi* attack. In the evening a large company asaembled at the Executive’s Mansion, and I left them, having a good, old fashioned Democratic re-union, wi and champaign flowing freely. To-night there will be a ratification meeting in Macon. JUNIOR. THE TRUE ISSUE—HOW TO MEET IT. How important it is ihat the attention of the whole Soutn should be directed to the true issue between it and the North, or non-nlaveholding States, and not be diverted from it by any side issue which may present itself, or cunningly de - vised tam, to distract and divide our people. At : a time like this, when tree soilers, abohtionis's, | consolidationists, and fanatics of every stripe, are ; directing all their energies against the South and i its rights under the Constitution; when State 1 sovereignty is assailed, and it is openly avowed that the South shad be forced to subm t to inter ; veniion by the North with her domestic insti •lutivns; when a Congress is about to assemble : trie majority of which are pledged to a repeal of , the Nebraska and Kansas b.ll, and a restoration <>f that infraction upon the Constitution, the Mis souri Compromise ; when a powerful party is al ready in the field, backed by a score of factions or i*tns, pledged ro war ag-inst tire admission of any new State into the Union, whose Constitu tion recognizes slaves as property; when it is pro claimed to the South that slavery shall be atajl nailed in the district oi Columbia, and the Aboli tionist boldly avuws that it shall be abolished in the States wli.re it exists; when all this is pre sented to the Southern man, is it not strange that ' tie can be diverted from a grave consideration of : the issue tjhich he must necessarily meet, to connect himself with the mummery of Know > Nothingism, or any other ism now iitliicting the deluded fanatics of Massachusetts and other anti- i slavery Shite* ? Strange though it is, yet so it ‘ is! Here, even in Georgia, we see men on every side ot us led away by a strange infatuation to i promote designs whic i they denounce, end yet, i denouncing, they still play into the hands of their adversaries. Had no' Virginia “set her seal ot | condemnation upon Know Nothingism, to what 1 an extent, in the North, it would have been used ugamst the Boutb, the reader may well im »gi-:e 1 i But thank Providence the South is last waking lup to it* danger. Evidence of this i> presented I to us on every side, and none mare conclusive to our minds than the recent proceedings of the i meeting in Columbus so active!- participated hi j by Know Nothings, many who sympathize with i them.and, as we are advised, a lew prominent I democrats. The first of these it appears have waked up to the dangerous attitude oi the South, i and, with the others, are not only inflated all al ! once with a desire to wage war'to the hilt against I tiieir Northern sue. but for abandoning tiieir well J tried Northern and Western friends —for making ■ a sacrifice of such men as Bright, and Douglas, r and Richardson, with as little remorse as they did ' the gallant Shields. It is thus from one extreme, i they would go to another. But we are not yet i prepared tor this sectional fight. It is not in t is j way that the battle must be tbught. for the plain- I est reason in the world that in so fighting, we 1 cannot win it. Neither is it manly and honor . able to desert those who have «o nobly and gal -1 lantly fought, and an- still fighting for us. We I must meet the great, we may truly say. the fear ful issue in the true s irit of ch valry. The I S.’Ut.i should tender its hand and its heart to the [ gallant party in the enti-slavery States, that have jsi nobly performed its duly to the Constitution, 1 and point the steel only nt her foes. AU that the i tree-so hr or abolitionist craves, is a desertion of i our North: rn allies, and a sectional issue. But , to this c mp exion, let not the South reduce it! i The t.me* are not propitious for such a move, ’ end even if they were, we are not quite sitisfied with Know Nothing professions in regard to it. : W e must meet the issue as a National, not a sec . tional party, and must rest content with the re flect on. that " sufficient for the day is the evil I thereof." CALIFORNIA. i A letter from California says that the > State is burdened with plenty. The pop j ulation is so small that they consume but i little, t-nd must either ship the surplus or allow it to go to waste. The writer says they can produce for exportation, but that i farming lands are he’d so high, on account ' taxes, interest and labor, that farming is • very profitable at tbe present time ■. t SucUr tions which have* taken piuce during the past three years have j j been unfavorable to the true welfare of the i j country. All habits of industry and econ-j . omy have been discarded, and the end to! all these wild and extravagant notions has 1 j been b mki uptey A large number of the men who Were called wealthy in I'-L'J and : 1850 are now poor. They expended mon-. ey as if it could always b.- had for the. nie'e asking The profits of the Alta! j California newspapei, it is stated, exceed-1 ed 81,V00 per day for more than a year, i and yet this office has b<.eu sold within the last six months i'.>r I ss than 320.000, and these thousandoiolla's-per-day-proprieto. s are now poor i here are other equally remarkable instances of wealth and pove.-i ty almost in juxtaposition.—dfo&i/e Jri-i bune. [From the Georgia Telegruph} BRUNSWICK ANO FLORIDA RAILROAD—STATE AID DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHERN GEORGIA. Mr. Editor; — It is well known that the ! annual meeting of the Stockholdcis of the . Brunswick and Florida Railroad Company,; was held in the city of Brunswick, on the j 3d inst. The report of the proceedings l has been published on our newspapei s, and I has attracted considerable notice through-' out the State. The interest which our I citizens generally manifested in this en- i terprise, is commensurate with its vast ini- 1 portanee; it being conceded on all sidtsj that there is no work now contemplated ; within our borders, which, when finished, j will be fraught with more beneficial rc-1 suits. Hence its speedy completion is ' justly looked upon ,as “a consummation: devoutly to t e prayed for.” But apart from its intrinsic merits, this I road, in common with others, commands ; I no little attention, from the fact of its in-! j volving the great question of State aid to! I works of Internal Improvement. This j i subject has, for a long time, agitated the ' i public mind, and no doubt it will be I brought prominently before the next Leg- I islature. In anticipation of the meeting ’ 1 of that body, it is right that the arguments • pro and con should be fully discussed through the medium ol the press. There- ; fore, with your permission, Mr. Editor. I propose advocating in your columns, a ju dicious system of State aid in genera), j and the claims of the Brunswick and Flor- j ida Railroad in particular. This I do from no motives, but those impelling a citi-! zen who feels proud of his native State and ; takes a lively interest in all that coneers 1 her welfare. To proceed then with my self-imposed j ; ia.sk, 1 will promise in conn- t-tion with the 1 above enterprise, three quest!; i s are par- i ! ticularly to be considered : Ist. Is the Road needed? 2d. Will it pay ? 3d. Ought the State to aid in its con ! struotion ? i These questions, the limited space of this article will compel me at present to ■ j touch upon in a brief and general manner; j !itia my design, however, in subsequent i i communications, to take up each topic I j successively, and discuss it in exteuso | The first question as to whether the road ' ; is needed, is too clear a case to require; ! much comment. Many things combine to ! ! give to it an affirmative response. It is' needed to furnish to the people of South ern Georgia a ready comn.unication with market, and encourage emigration to the richest portion of our territory, thereby I bringing into cultivation thousands of acres now covered with the primeval forest, and materially adding in the way of taxes to , the receipts of our State Treasury. It is I demanded also, to meet tbe exigencies of I trade and travel, shortening as it will by 1 more than a thousand niih s between the Gulf States and the Northern seaboard, and entirely obviating the danger and loss ; ’ of time attending the circuitous passage by • the Florida peninsular. And again, it i- ; wanted as a connecting link in the great , chain of Railroads which is designed even-. tually to connect the waters of the A tian-! tic and Pacific. These considerations, with many others that might be enumera ted, demonstrate conclusively that the i building of this Road will supply what; i has long been felt to be a great desidera-; turn. Regarding theo the absolute necessity 1 for the Road as almost a self-evith nt pro ! position we proceed to consider whether -<<4 will pay. This question depends esseu ’ tially upon the proceeding one, for the fact of the Roads being so urgently needed implies the strongest evidence that when built it will yield a good dividend on the capital invested in it. Should further proof of this be required, we need but ■ pointtothecharaeterofthecountrythrough which the line will pass, the inexhaustible fertility of its soil, the variety of its pro ductions, its valuable timber and many other sources of wealth and prosperity.— I Even were the Roads not to call into cut tivation another foot of ground (which is ! a most implorable supposition) the local | traffic and present j reduction of the coun ; try along its route would furnish it with ! ample employment. 'This is independent of any future growth in trade, and of the quantity of through freight which will seek this mode of conveyance If to these items there be superadded the amount of travel I that will pass over this line, all apprehen sions as to the 'Road’s not proving profita ble vanish like the darkn ss of error be fore the light of truth; and the only fear that can reasonably exLt is that one track may-not prove adequate to the immense immense which awaits it. Having said this much to show the ex-; isting necessity for the road, and the ab I solute certainty of its becoming eminently ; j a paying investment, let us next enquire] I whettier the State ought to aid in its con- ] | struction if she should be called upon to ! |do so. Many arguments way be adduced ' in favor of such a policy, and little or! I nothing can be urged against it. It “fr ' ; indeed objected by some that if the Leg- i ' islature sets the precedent by aiding one. ’ ! she will have to aid nil that apply; but! i this by no means follows as a matter oi ! course. Proper discrimination must be ] I exercised in selecting only those roads j i which deserve assistance. While we ac I knowledge that a too general and indis ■ criminate system ofState aid might involve the government in financial embarrass ment, we contend that its application in ‘ a few special instances would be attended ; with the most gratifying results; in the! I same way that the administration of sevc- ’ ra! grains of calomel fiequently works' wonderful cures, when a dose of as many I ounces would prove fatal iu its effects. Thus while we do not favor the ‘ whole ; ' sale plan” of State aid, we are convinced ! that there are certain main lines which have a right to legislative assistance. In ' I this class the Biuuswick and Florida Rail; I Road stands pre-eminent. In the first place the people of Southern Georgian in I their noble work of improvement, sine they hare born so long without a murmm their proportion of taxes to me t the five millions of dollars expended upon a road ; ! for tbe benefit of the upper part of the I State That they 'n their turn shottl'l hare a little help is but a simple act oi ! justice; and unless they obtain it. there is I no doubt that many of them will emigrate ! to States where they may have equally rich lands, and at the same time enjoy 4 the facilities for transportation which they here seek in vain This they will have i to do in self-defence; and thus by our in action our population will dimiuLh in , stead of increase. Besides, the Brun - wick Road asks no gift l it mere a mod- ' enite loan with security ■' • t tosa'i.- fy even Shylock him* - State i.~ • called upon to do noth - 'han to lend her credit to the e-• j :-e. This she can du without ue possibility j i of losing a cent, or entailing additional taxes upon her citizens. Tbe increase in the value of taxable property on the line of the road would of itself compensate her a hundred fold all that she is asked to do. And is it not one of the prime duties of I our State government to exert herself in I developing and improving this rich sec- 1 tion of h> r territory? It is a talent en- j trusted to her which she would no longer I suffer to remain hurried in a napkin. ; When all these facts are taken into I consideration, the conviction must force! itself upon every candid mind that the | State is under peculiar obligations to as- j sist the enterprise. By so doing she has! everythina to gain and nothing to lose. — i Will she then refuse to do it? Tha. .she! will prove sounjuit to her citizens, so! blind to her interests so neglectful to her j duty we cannot and will not believe.— 1 Jttdtus Appclla credat, non ego. More , anon GEORGIAN. THE "GUYASCATOS." Ata meeting in Tammany Hall Judge Morton of Virginia, touched off the Know Nothings after this wise : Judge Morton, formerly of Virginia, now of this city, was then introduced by the chairman. lie said it was a rare thing for him to be at Tammany Hall,but I the necessity of united action would con quer all local prejudices of faction. He said that he would throw all such preju dices aside to celebrate a victory like this.; His father was one of the most cherished ! men that Tammany had ever had among i her sachems. They had met to celebrate ■a victory over fanaticism. He said we i had all seen a,raid of the Know Nothings, and he himself had quaked in his shoes, i l he gist of his speech is well illustrated by an aneedme he related. Three young men, the scions of rich fa thers, once found themselves in a town in Georgia, without money, but with plenty of brains. They hit upon the following expedient to pay their board bill and furn ish the means of returning home. They procured the printing of hand bills announcing the exhibition of a most extraordinary animal, the “ Guyasculos"— an animal so strong and large, and of such propensities, that he could eat droves of ' cattle and drink rivers of water. Well, I the people flocked to the hall in crowds ! When t he last comer bad entered, the cur ! tain was rung up, and one of the young ; men, with disheveled hair and fear depict ed upon his face, rushed forward and ex claimed : “Gentlemen and ladies I save yourselves ; fur the Guyascatos has broke loose.” It is 1 needless to add that the crowd paid more • attention to themselves than to the authors iof the hidden Guyascatos So, I say, gen ; tiemen, when the machinery of this great i Know-Nothing Guyascatos is exhibited to view, it will be found to have the same ex ; istenee in fact as the beast these enterpri ! sing young men persuaded the people of ; Georgia had broken loose. A meeting of Delegates from the Pen ! sacola and Georgia Railroad Company ! and from the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf I Central Railroad Company having been ; appointed to take place at Alligator, on I the 24th of May, 1855, the following gen ii lemati representing the P< n-aeola and I Georgia Railroad Company we represent, 1 viz: Hon. J. C.'M’Gehee Hon. E. C. Ca ! bell, and B C. Pope, Esq., and represent -1 ing the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Jt-i.r.-ulT’umjWTty.-MgiSra.-IJ. Xuuanus, J. P. Sanderson./!’. llßuckman, J. M. Baker, and A. S Baldwin. Hon. J. C- M’Gehee was called to the Chair A. S, Baldwin requested to act as Secretary. After sotnn preliminary discussion, it ! was deemed advisable, considering the ! great length of a-line of road connecting I the waters of the Atlantic with the water.- ; of Pensacola Bay, that the work should be I undertaken by different organizations, | whereupon it was unanimously. Rest,lced, That the mutual interests of ! the Pensacola and Georgia R. R. Co., and I and the Florida, Atlantic and GulfCentra) ! R. R. Co., demand that said Companies j should act- in unison and that the works on j said line of rdad he commenced simulta neously at Jacksonville and in Middle 1 Fler'da. That'be Central R. R Co.,un i.dertakcs and pledges itself to construct the road from Jacksonville to a point at or in vincinity of ehe Town of Alligator I in the County of Columbia, and the Pen sac: da and Georgia R R. Co., to build ! the road we.-t of said point (at or in the I vincinity of Alligator,) which shall be the I poiut of connexion of said roads. MISS NIGHTINGALE. ! In the East at Constantinople, Miss ! Nightingale is the object of universal ! praise. “At the Barrack Hospital there ! is hardly a single second class staff-surgeon left, fur some of them have been taken away to duty on board the sick transports; ■ and of the few lif - behind, Dr. Sumrgers ! is very ill, and Dr. Newton, I regret to ! say, is dead Like poor Struthers, he ; too has fallen an untime victim to the zeal ! with which he discharged his professional ; duties. It was fever pf a low type in his I case also, and ind. - < d, it is so rife now in ! every direction, that the wonder is how ! more of the he healthy and strong are not ! struck down by it. Both Newton aud Struthers, it may be consolation to know’, t n led in their last moments, and had their dying eves closed by Miss Nightin-j ! stale herself. Wherever there is disease ia its danger-ms from, and the hando*'the: ’snoiLr distressingly nigh, there is that ncomparable woman sure to be seen; heri benignajit pres: nee is an influence for ' good comfort even amid the struggles of; expiring nature. Sne is a “ministering angel” without any exaggeration in these hospitals, and ' as her slender from glides quietly along I each corridor, every poor fellow’s face sos 1 tens with gratiiud s ght of her. Wh ual tne medical officers nave retted for the night and sil nee and darkness have set- ] tied down upon those miles of postrate! sick, she may be observed alone, with a ! little lamp in her hand, making her solita-; ry round*. The population was not mia- ! taken which, when she set out from Eng-; land on her mission of mercy, hailed her as a heroine; I tru«tshe may notearn heri title to a higher though saddei appellation. No i no who has observed her fragile fig ure and debate health can avoid misgiv ingt lest these should fall. With the h art of a true woman, and the manners of a lady, accomplished and refined be- ] yond most of her sex, she combines a sur prising calmness of judgment and promp-1 titude and decision of character.” — Lon.! Paper United States ship Constitution is j -aid to nave lost only tw> men during the last year, uue named James Sherry, i MESSRS, STEPHENS AND COBB, ANO THE KNOW NOTHINGS. The reader have failed to notice several articles which we have published within the last few days, from different portions of the State, reviewing the late letter of the Hon. Alexander H Stephens against the American party. We observe with pleas ure the tone of respect and tbe freedom from personal invective, which character ise these communications, and trust that the example set by the writers who have already occupied our columns, will be im itated by others who may take part in the discussiou, whether for or against the new party We would express the hope in this con nection, that the American party will wage no war against Mi - . Stephens, nor oppose his re-election toCongr, ss. Neith er Georgia nor the South can afford to lose the services of such men at this time. It requires no ordinary sagacity to foresee the manifold dangers now preparing for the Union and the South, or to appreciate the necessity of bringing into the public service all the intellect, and patriotism, and courage, at our command. ‘Tis true Mr. Stephens has dealt the party a hea vy blow; but let that go; if the party is as strong as it is represented to be, it would require several such blows to fell it to the 1 ground. Besides, as between himself and the party, there is no reason to be lieve, his leiter has damaged the writer I more than those at whom it was aimed. Be this as it may, the party would in flict a much greater injury on itselt than Mr. Stephens has done, by preventing his return to Congress, t specially if it should send some second rate man in his place. It is this very mistake—the election of in terior men—that has damned the party in New England; andthe same cause will produce the same effect in Georgia, unless the common sense which so generally char acterises the perty. shall rule the hour in i stead of folly and passion. Mr. Stephens ‘lias done the State some service.’ He is a man of great abilities, and his patriotism and devotion to the South cannot be questioned. Indeed, no member of either House of Congress, from : the South, occupies so commanding a po I sition as he does; nor have we a champion ' so well suited as he, to grapple with the difficulties now looming up in the distance and to protect and defend us. The party ■ therefore which prevuits the return of I such a man to Congress, at so critical a period, takes upon itself a fearful responsi bility. That the reader may not suspect us of being influenced by old Whig attachments we desire to express the hope, at the same ; time and for the reasons, that no opposi-, i tion will be made of the election of Mr 1 Cobb. The welfare, not of Georgia tllone, nor of the South, but of the whole Union ! imperatively requires the return of these I men to Congress. Indeed, we have never I known a period when the country was threatened with greater dangers than it is at this time. The wild and rampant fa naticism of the North, the civil war in ; Kansas, andthe question of the admission i of slavfc States in the Union, will lead to ' an agitation at no distant day, the like of ! which has never been witnessed in this i country. Let Southern men then bear ! and forbear. Let them put their ablest ! and wisest men at the helm, and if the no ' ble old ship of state must go down, then ! they can not reproach themselves with her I loss.— Sav. Republican. THE BALTIMORE CATHOLIC COUNCIL AND THE POPE OF ROME- The pastora' letter of the Archbishop of Baltimore, which includes nearly half the United States east of the Mississippi river, is chiefly devoted to a learned ex pression of the new dogma of the immac ulate Conception of the Most Blessed Vir gin Mary, which can certainly do no harm. There is, however, a secondary branch of this pastoral letter which challenges our special attention. It relates to that inter esting and important political question of the extent of the Pope over his flock in the United States. The Baltimore Arch bishop and his subordinates expressly de clare to the faithful upon this subject, ‘•that we have never exacted of you, as wo ourselves have never made, even to the highest ecclesiastical authority, any en-' gagements inconsistent with the duties we owe to the country and its laws. On ev ery opportune occasion we have avowed i these principles; and even in ourcommu- I mcations to the late IVntifl we rejected as j a calumny the imputatii n jhat we were, j in civil matters, subject to his authority.” This is surely as emphatic as could be de sired; but, to make it perfectly plain,they i futher say that “to the general and State governments you owe allegiance in all that j regards the civil order.” This is worthy i the ecclesiastical successor of the founders !of Maryland and is a point blanc refuta tion of the charge, so often made by the Know Nothings, that the Catholic church claims temporal power and ought, there j fore, to be opposed as a political organiza | tion. In harmony with this declaration of i the Archbishops, Bishops and Clergy of the province of Baltimore, was that of the ; late lamented Bishop England, of Charles ton, S. C., that if the Prince of Rome, the Pope, were to declare wflr against the ! United States, lie would take lip arms i against the Pope. With such assurances from the highest dignitaries of the church of Rome, with what consistency can a por tion of our fellow citizens make war upon' the members of the Catholic church. — Times <£' Sentinel. ANEW MOVE IN THE CRIMEA. The European papers talk of a change I in the plan of campaign of the Allies in i the Crimea. The plan for the summer is ■ said to be that 25,000, men of the French reserves, now distributed at Maslak, Gal lipoli aud Adriuhople, are to be brought to the Crimea, to be followed by from 30,000 to 40,000 additional troops, Piedmontese ; and French. As soon as the reserves ar rive, and without waiting for the addi tional reinforcements, the French army will proceed to cross the Cheryana, attack the Russians in the field, and when the re t intorceinents come up, clear the penineu ! la of Russians, and occupy and fortify Perekop. The main army will then re turn and fiu'sh the siege of Sevastopol at leisure. Kafla and Kertch are fiist to be . secured, as points of retreat for the army in the field. This plan requires a very hirg? increase of the Allied forces, for the - Russians have an army of from eighty to one hundred thousand in the field, and all the accessible points have been strongly fortified. There will be some sanguinary work before the Russisnsare driven out of the Crimea, it snah an event is no ft i <• bls. 2