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impressed with the Importance of its final set tlement, referred it to the legal voters of the State, and required them to endorse on their tickets “removal” or “no removal," and “if to be removed, where.” The following is the of ficial vote, on the first Monday in October last, according to the official returns on file in the Executive Department:—No removal, 49,781, Removal to Atlanta, 29,337; to Macon, 3,802; to Thomasville, 1 ; to Savannah, 93 ; to Ma rietta, 4; to Gordon, 1; to Fort Valley, 1; to Griffiin, 313; to Wayneaborough, 1 ; to Rome 4 ; to Madison, 5; to Stone Mountain, 4; to Indian Springs, 2; to Sandersville, 5; to Barns ville, 1; to Hootensville, 1; to Augusta, 1; to Clarksville, 1; to St; Simon's Island, 1; to Lumpkin, 1; Removal to no place designated, 952 ; scattering, 14. The aggregate vote up on the question of Removal, is 84,326 —of which 49,781 were for “No Removal,” and but 34,545 for Removal to all other places. Hence, it appears, that the majority for “No Remov al” over all others, is 15,246. The Guberna torial vote, at the late election, was about 104,- 250, showing that there were about 19,705 le gal voters who did not vote on the question of Removal. Hence, if it be a fair construction, as it would seem to be. that their failure to vote i expressive of their contentment with Milledgevil e as the seat of Government, it is evident, that the popular will is overwhelming ly opposed to its Removal. If the Legislature should concur in this view, then, it is due to the public as well as to the citizens of M illedge ville, that you should, at once, by decisive ac tion, put a quietus to the further agitation of the question. Not the least effectual mode of accomplishing this object, will be to make ne cessary repairs and additions to your public buildings. The State House should b? repair ed and suitably enlarged. The square shoo'd be graded, cleared of the Arsenal, Maga; ifiO and the four Churches, upon just compensation to the respective denominations, set with shade trees, and enclosed with a substantial iron fence. The Executive Mansion, also, should be thoroughly repaired and refurnished, and the lot surrounded With an iron enclosure. By resolution 6f the last Session, I was re quested to furnish to each Branch of the Legis lature, the amount of the original cost of the public buildings at Milledgeville; exclusive of the Penitentiary and Lunatic Assylum, and what amount is necessary to so repair them as to make them suitable for the purpose* for which they were intended.’ This resolution pas sed just at the close of the session, and conse quently, could not be responded to, before its adjournment. lam unable, even now, to give a full reply. As far as can be ascertained, the public buildings including State House, Ex ecutive Mansion, and out houses, the Arsenal and Magazine have coat, first and last, about #300,000. 1 have engaged Messrs. Bholl & Fay, professional Architects, to furnish infor mation on the second branch of the resolution. They have already submitted to mo a rough sketch of the additions and improvements to the State House which are necessary, and they authorize me to say, that the whole can be completed for #125,000. They are now enga ged in making the necessary drawings and esti mates of the expense, and at an early day they will be ready for transmission to the Legisla ture. The State House is entirely unprotected a gainst the ravages of fire. Yon should author ize the construction of a large cistern on either side, and the purchase of a Fire Engine This precaution is highly important, and, cost what it may, it will be wise and provident economy. Annual Sessions. I recommend a return to annual Sessions ot the General Assemb.y. The growing and di versified interests of the State require it. The people, in a popular government, should, every year, have their minds specially directed to the principles on which it is based and should be conducted, and by their representatives, review its administration. Nothing will so effectually enforce responsibility upon its officers ot every grade, from the highest to the lowest. 8o far from being an evil, annual elections are im portant ; they interest the masses in the politics of their country, and the; become enlightened by the discussions they provoke. The Execu tive term begins and ends with the legislative, and consequently, both Governor and Lcgisla ture enter upon their respective departments without much knowledge of the duties they re quire. The Legislature adjourns and leaves the government in the hands of the Executive ; his term expires at the assernb ing of the next, and no opportunity is affirded to review his conduct, until as ter he has retired from office. The remedy for this is a return to Annual Ses sions. But the duration of the Session should be limited by the Constitution. . Education. Our political system is based upon the max im, that tlie people are capable of self-govern ment. This pre-supposes intelligence, to know how to govern, and virtqp, to g.vc that intelli gence proper direction. Hence, the import ance of a system of public education to enlight en the intellects and moralize the hearts of the masses. The importance of this subject is par amount and should bring into requisition all the wisdom of the Legislature, whilst the thou sands of poor children within the State, too in digent to provide for themselves the blessings of education, but who must have it, as an iu dispensible qualification for good citizenship, should awaken an enlarged and benevolent lib erality. The returns for 1854 show that 42,- 467 belong to Uns class, who are entitled to participate iu the pittance of #23,3b8 provided for their benefit. The considerations winch should prompt to efficient action are apparent to every reuectmg mind. They are such a* challenge the attention of the highest states manship We see them not only in the neces sity of education to the perpetuity of popular liberty, but iu the thousand social blessings which it comers. It promotes public peace, gives security to property, diminishes crime, lightens the expense of administering the laws, Bttuiil'utes enterprise, directs industry and ea[>- ital, and hastens the march of civilization. The difficulty is, not to determine what ought to be done, but bow it shah bo done. The subject becomes more and more embarrassing, each suc cessive year, because the increuse of poor chil dren, renders the amount of money adequate to the emergency, more difficult to be raised.— Hence, if the Legislature ever intend to come up fully and fairly to the high mark of enlight ened duty, it would seem, that the lime has ar rived, when they should initiate a system capa ble of gradual expansion and self satisfaction. I shall venture no specific recommendation. I prefer rather to submit the great subject to your wisdom, animated as it must be, by pa triotic desire, to promote the happiness and prosperity of the State. But if 1 could com-; mand the power to awaken the proper spirit aud excite the proper liberality, I would make the appeal, with an urgency which should be over whelming. that the General Assemb.y will net rise, until it shall nave redeemed the high obli gations of the present, to future generations.— Georgia is in advance, in material prosperity and improvement —she is in the rear. on tue subject of common school education. Ihe ship, driven ogaiusl the wind, may sail rapidly, for a time, without a helmsman, but site will be wrecked at last. Education is to State pro gress. what the helmsman is to the ship ; the more rapid her career, without it, the sooner she will bo stranded. lu this eouueef.cn, the State University is earues f ly couimeudd to your tosteruig care.— Uy reference U> the actol 1785, "lor the nioiv full and complete establishment of a public seat of learning in this Blate,'’ it is quite eviueut, that our f refathers designed to ir.c a Uuiver sity of the mg. est cba.ac«er. it is apparent, from the preatub e to tue bill a .d from t..e v<- rv Li >end vu.lowiuvut for wi ich uiey provide Invewolth. p ramouut niKirtune,- wh.eu they attached to liberal ednc-t on, as a me 'it of sustaining and perpetuating tree govern ment, thev felt that it was a humdiat ng ac knowledgment of the ignorance or luimunty ot o<r own State, o send our youth übroad t otuers, tor Us acquisition. It this, were true ui 1785. the policy wuicb they turn d.piorcd, i.*- suu uwelioe deprecated now, when, by send mg taeiu u> other status they are sinrooi.o by ptqjud.oes an t uifiucUeOs our domes Uc unutulivus, emeu ated to give an unwu-m WSK direction to war scutinuuis. I'M wigi- • nal design of the founders of our State Univer ‘ sity ought therefore to be completed and per- ■ fected. It should be so endowed, and furnuh i ed with all the facilities for the prosecution of ■ scientific research, as to enable the devotees of . learning, to reach the highest attainmeuta,— ■ Several other professorships should bo created, , and ample appropriations made for such com ; pensation as will command the highest talaui to fill them. , By the liberality of the lato Dr. Will lain Terrell, an Agricultural chair has been estab lished and #IO,OOO donated, the interest of which is to be applied to the support of its Pro fegsor, in the State University. But thi* is in adequate. To render the department efficient and useful, the Legislature should, not only in crease the sum to the extent of an ample en dowment, but also make a suitable appropri ation for fitting it up with ample means of in struction, illustration and experiment. The ap peal, upon this score, will not be in vsin. It is the first movement, in Georgia, iu favor of Agricultural education, hitherto more n -glect ed, although more important, than any other branch. The Prafeesor may produce annually his course of Lectures, and delight his class with the theory of Agriculture, but he must have the means of illustration and experiment to unfold its relations to, and dependence upon Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Chemistry, Nat ural History and Mechanics. Agriculture is the most important, because it is the foundation of, all other pursuits. It supplies Commerce and manufactures, in all their various and mul tiplied departments, with whatever imparts to them activity, prosperity and vitality. Hence the indispensibility of its being directed and dig nified by the light of science and the devotion of educated mind. Agriculture and Mining. The promotion of Agriculture and the de velopment of our Mineral resources should en gage the earnest attention of the Legislature.— In the older region of the State, much of the iatids have been exhausted by tillage, and plan ters are turning attention to the reclamation of swamps, by ditching and embanking. The lat ter process, in many instances, is prevented by the fact, that embankments throw back water over the lands of adjacent owners. When this is the case, the apprehension of an injunction arrests the enterprise. I recommend the pas sage of a law to authorise any person owning swamp land, on one side of a stream or creek, to embank the same, although it should have the effect to increase the witar over the swamp of the other side, owned by another. Such an act will greatly promote Bush enterprises and lead to the reclamation of thousands of acres of tlie most productive lands, which are, other wise, valueless. As a further means of encouraging Agricul ture and the development of the mineral wealth of the State, I recommend, that provision be made by the Legislature for the appointment, with a suitable salary, of State Geologist, Min eralogist and Agricultural Chemist. His of fice should be located at the Capitol and Iris general duty should be to make a Geological survey of the State, direct the mode of testing for ores, analyze soils, and point out the vari ous kinds of manures for their fertilization.— To make the organization of such a department efficient and useful, it would require the State to be divided into Geological Districts, and the employment of assistants. Its details however, will readily suggest themselves to the legisla ture, and the policy, once adopted in good ear nest, time and experience will very soon perfect it. A similar appointment, in other States, has beet, attended with the most beneficial re sults. It is more easy to adduce than to select illustrations of its advantages. In Georgia, but little attention has been devoted to Agricultu ral education; and without disparagement to mr planters, it must be confessed, that their success is mainly the result of fertility of soil and unconquerable energy and industry. They owe but little to the application of scientific principles to the multiplied details of the plan- 1 'ration. But as the lands become exhausted by such a system of cultivation, they will refuse tbeir wonted yield, until science shall come to their rescue, by showing the means of their re suscitation. The office under consideration will to a considerable extent remedy this widespread evil. By his analysis of specimens of soils fur nished to him, he will explain to the owners the character, components and quantity of tlie ma nures required to fertilise them. By delivering public lectures as often, and at as many pointe, he may be able, be will instruct the inhabi tants of whole Agricultural districts as to the qualities of their lands, and the fertilizers beet calculated to confer upon them the highest car pacity fur production. This will soon awaken the proper spirit among the people and lead, as in nltimaie result, to a just appreciation of the importance of Agricultural education. The aggregate of advantage could be ascertained on ly, by knowing fully the loss to the country, irom the absence of, and the amount guiueo by, the application of science to the operations of the plantation. And how shall we estimate the thrift and activity which such an appoint ment will impart to the Mining interest of the .State ? Her mountains and hills are rich tn embedded mines of ore. As yet, we have made but little progress iu their discovery. Vast sums are expended, iu blind experiments.to as certain their location, resulting often in Ute hopeless ruin of rhe zealous seeker alter bidden wealth. The large a’mwnt raved, in the work of testing for ores, is Uw k»*t of the advanta ges of the appointment r.'vl" oousideration.— The actual wealth which would be developed by the scientific direction of those operations, is absolutely incalculable, whilst it would, at the rame time, open new channels for capital and industry, and furnish employment for tbousauds of laborers. I may not dwell at greater length upon this interesting topic. Iti imt it will en gage the serious deliberations of the Legisla ture, ami that they will act as becomes enlight ened statesmen. Weightsand Measures. By an act of the last General Assembly, ap proved February 9ui, 1854, the Governor was directed, to cause to be procured in some cheap and economical way, silty standards of weights and measures, each to correspond in weight auu measure, with those now in the Executive of fice, for the use of the new and such old coun ties, as have not been swpnluvi under the act ol the 23d of December, 183?- Upon proper iu vestigation, it was axsart'ibad that it would require about #3,500; and fvs the Legislature made no provision, for the payment, the act has not been carried into execution. The object ,s important and you should make the requisite appropriation. Judiciary. A ease has been brought to my notice, by the enlightened courtesy of the Hon. W. B. Flem ming, Judge ot the Eastern Circuit, which sug gests the propriety of legislative remedy. A man oy the name of McCollough Killed a negro, the property of Robert Habersham, Esq., at Fort Jackson. That place being un der the exclusive control of the United Elates, although wi.hiu the county of Chatham, be was indicted betore the Circuit Court of the U nited States, and under the charge of J udge N icoli, was acquitted, on the ground, that the Court had no jurisdiction. He was subsequently in dieted in tue Superior Court of Chatham and was acquitted upon the piea of former acquittal, i'he negro was shot at Fort Jackson, but died oeyoud it. Heuce, the Circuit Court had no jurisdiction. If he bad been prosecuted ui th. nrst instance in Chatham Superior Court, then me piea to the jur.edielioo, sustained by Ua. provi. that the act was committed at Fori Jackson, which belongs to the' United Stales, wouid have produced ms acquittal. Heuce Ua. Legislature should provide, uiat, iu sucua case. ,ue prosecuu.u may be had, and tae utleudc; .ned iu the county, ui which the death takes place. I'he object of punishment is to prevent crime, Io be effectual, it must be sufficiently revere, to operate as a terror to evil doers, au’> and sufficiently certain, to cut of the hope oi uipuuiiy. li it be too uiiid, the oficuder wa. intacr endure ft, lhau forego Hie graldicaliou >r U.S vicious and unlaw nil designs. li inure .aaa comul.usurate with cue lurp.ude o. Uiv rime, UsuveXs tac eciae i puoi.v justice, ami Icousequeutiy, Um» itsl.-^.-seor escapes. .ouauiw are - . .a US* ta th* *as. *»wu, approved Zc wp* “ ing Penitentiary punishment on Faro dealing, “ and gaming of that character. The evil in - tended to be prevented is great, but the law f fails to answer the purpose. There has not f been a single conviction under it. The offence foes entirely unpunished—even unprosecuted. t abounds in all our cities and at our firshion r able watering places. It is bold; it scarcely ) seeks to conceal itself from public gaze- Why ie this? It is becasse the penalty is too se i vere. Public opinion does not demand that it - shall be visited with Penitentiary imprisou f neat Hence, the law goes unexecuted, and - instead of preventing, it lias increased the evil it designed to suppress. I therefiire recommend t its repeal, or such modification as will adjust - the penalty to the nature of the offence. The law organizing the Supreme Court for ■ the Correction of Errors, requires that tribunal ■ to hold its sessions at nine different points in ■ the State, to-wit: Columbus, Americus, Macon, ; Decatur, Milledgeville, Augusta, Cainsville, r Cassville and Savannah, and to deliver tbeir - opinions upon each case, during the respective ■ Terms. Thia imposes so much travel upon the Judges, and such ha to in the formation oi ■ opinions, as not only to make their labors al . most intolerable, but deprives them of the time for deliberation and patient research, so indis pensable for the correct determination of im portant legal questions. This is a glaring de fect and disqualifies the Court from being as useful to the State as t might and would lie, if it were cured. It is doubtless, the true ik the dissatisfaction with the Gouri, which obtains in some sections of the State, end threatens its abolition. This would be u retrograde movement, and the idea is not to be tolerated for a moment. The most enlightened Courts sometimes err, even under circumstances moat favorable for the investigation of truth.— Organized as u our Supreme Court, the won der is that it does not err oftener, and instead of this furnishing a ground for dispensing with, it ought to present enlightened men with the strongest reason for remedying its imperfec tions. I therefore recommend, that the Con stitution be so altered at to confine its sessions to the one point in the State; and as the State is collecting a valuable Law Library at the Capitol, it is the proper point for its perman ent location. They should also be permitted, when the Judges may desire, to hold up cases for further deliberation and investigation.— Thia will correct the prominent defects iu its organisation and render it more efficient. Retail License. It is painful to the patriot and Christian to witness the ravages of intemperance. Like war and pestilence, it leaves iu its pathway its millions of victims slain, lamentation and wo. It pours desecration and contempt upon all that is hallowed in domestic life, and all that is sacred in the rites of our holy religion. The good man naturally enquires for a remedy. He look* back upon tue past—eloquence and ar gument have grappled wi h it, social organiza tion has exerted its combined instrumentality. Christianity has wept and prayed over it—and yet the evil the continue*. Losing sight of the potency of moral suasian, losing faith in the ultimate triumph of truth and virtue, and im patient for summary relief, he feels that legisla tion must oome to ths rescue, by prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquor*. This load* us to search for the delicate line which define* the legitimate sphere of the oivil power. The legis lature is the guardian of the general welfare.— It is it* duty to secure public peace and tran qulity, and to protect persons, character and property. But why? Not because religion enjoins, but because the interest of the body social demands it*. Hence, social and civil necessity only should both prompt and limit legislative action; the promotion of the morali ty which religion inculcate* must be an inci flsntal result, not the primary object. This is the true criterion to guide the law-making pow er. To transcend it is fanaticism, because it is the recognition of a principle, which would justify the civil authority iu ta ing charge ol the consciences of men and enforceing moral reforms by law, which can only be legitimately done by appeals to reason. Hence, the dauger snd impolicy of attempting to aid the temper ance cause by legislative prohibition of the traffic iu ardent spirits. It is not only wrong a* a principle of legislation, but the public sentiment being adv rse to it, the law would not be enforced, intemperance would be uudi minished, and the social evil* aggravated, which it would design to suppress. It does not follow however that there are not abuses connected with our retail license law, which are within the legitimate reach of the Legislative arm. Whoever will examine the criminal dockets of our Courts, will see abund ant proof, that the system needs the restraint of a more rigid and wholesome police. It is the fruitful source of crime against life, person, property and the public peace; and therefore it is tne duty of the Legislature to apply a reme dy. I have given this subject much reflection aud am sausfied that, if the existing law? could be sternly enforced, most of the evils connected with our licen»e system would cease. Why are they not enforced? It is because public sentiment is opposed to them? Is it be cause good citizens do not approve them? Is it because the penalities are too severe? By no means. But it is because their violation is covered iu secrecy aud darkuos, so that they escape discovery aud detection. The grand delect therefore, is apparent. It lies in the- fact, that the existing law require* the Clerk of tlie Inferior Court of each County, to grant, as a matter of course, a license to every u.an who complies with its precedent conditions. Hence, in too many iustuiiees, bad and unprincipled men obtain permission to retail, who dety the restraints of the law, if they cun conceal its violation. Now suppose the retail traffic were confined to me* who would respect and faith fully obey tne laws for its regulation, is it nut evident that the- great mas* ot existinfi evils that afflict society would cease? The remedy then, is to confine the granting of license to such men. How can you effect this? With draw the granting power from the Clerk, aud vest it iu the sound discretion of the luferior Court of each county. A* the guardian* of the general welfare, they will exclude vicious and corrupt men from the traffic, and confide it to those whose known fidelity to the laws oi the laud will be a guarantee for well regulated, and orderly houses. I feel confident, that this change in the license law, would vindicate it self, by the benefit* it would diffuse, and meet a sustaining response in the public sentiment. Military. Our milatia system requires entire roorgani tion. I might be well to substitute a commu tation tax iu lieu of lhe present onerous requis ition of personal service, at the option of the militiamen. The State should encourage the organization of volunteer companions. The judicious appli cation of the fund arising from *lio commuta tion would be well devoted to that object. Previous to the last Congress, the Slate loel largely in the quota of arms to which she was enutlwi from the Federal government under the law of 1808, on account of the imperfect returns of our militia. We have lost not les thau §50,000, equal to 3846 muskets. But the law is now so amended, as to distribute lh>- quotas of arms to the several States, according to their representation in Congress. iStiu however it is important for you to adopt some plan to ascertain the numerical strength of our militia. It may be dune by requiring the Receiver of tax returns in the several counties lo make a list of of all male citizens between ages of 18 and 45 yeeara. This list could be tabulated among their respective regiments, brigades and divisions under the direction oi the Governor. Tais would enable the com mandvr-in-chief in ea*. of a call for troops by the r eneral government, if the number were greater than could be ra eed by volunteers, U equalize the draft among the several military d.vieio is. The state will in a few years be supplied by a well educated, scientific and efficient corps o. yom g men t, offic r her troo.is. should neccs s.ty require, in lhe gradua.es" of the Georgia Military Institute, capable to discharge tac du ties of any pewt, in any department ot military survive. I'wo classes, one of six and the otiu oi tiiueii members, have already been giadu used; their scientific skid and military Know cage, can readily be made avadab.e and ta . m.iuiiar ot tav Stata pureo ■ upon a pennaueui footiog. , There are in the a.’seuaJ, at Savannah, 30 - pieces of seige and field artilery. Most of i them have been condemned as useless. They t should be sold. The arms, in both our arsen ? als are of obsolete model. These also, with the . exception of the Tower muskets in the arsenal - at Milledguvllle, should be exchanged for new r and efficient weapons. -1 commend to your fosterning care tlie Geo . gia Military Institute. It is destined to sup ply a great aud important desideratum—milita- . ry education and a nurture of a proper milita- I ry spirit. Having enjoyed peece so long, wt I permit both to be neglected. The character ol I our civil institutions aud the pursuits of otu . people are not calculated to stimulate the arte of war. It is well to be so; but we ought to profit by tlie lesson of history, that no people every preserved their freedom who were not both willing and prepared to fight fur it. Academy for the Blind. I transmit the third Annual Report of the Georgia Academy for the B.ind, and respectful ly refer you thereto, fur information as to its progress and fin. ucial operations. The sight less objects of its care are entitled to the sym pathy and aid of every patriot and philanthro pist. The suecvsaeons of day and night—tin changes of the seocon, clothing Nature in the loveliness of infinitely variegated colors, are al uneujoyed, unappreciated by the blind. To them, earthly existence is one long, dark, mon otonous night, without a glimmering star to relieve its glocm. Let the Legislature take them under its fosteruing care, aud nurse tin infant school into vigorous maturity and effi cient usefulness. Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. The Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb presents similur cla.ms upon your favorable consideration. Its sixth Annual Report, here with transmited', shows that it is jjftidaally ad vancing in usefulness. The institution needs more extended accommodations, in tlie way ol buildings. The Report represents, that about #B,OOO will lie sufficient for the purpose, and asks the Legislature for its appropriation. It would be well, also, that provision should be made for tlie employment of an agent, to de. vote his whole time iu seeking out and bringing institution the unfortunate objects whom it is designed to benefit The same individual might also be tnc agent of of the Academy for the Blind, and thus perform the service for both establishments. This arrangement would be, at once, economical and useful, and bring the Blind and the Mute within the genial sphere ol an education adapted to their respective condi tion. Lunatic Asylum. The Lunatic Asylum, although far from com pletion, both as to the necessary buildings aud the full consumation es the object of its esta blishment, is yet sufficiently advanced to become a fixed and settled object of Legislative regard and sup ort Its ultimate suecds is now beyond contingency. It is destined to be an honor to the taste, liberality and philanthropy ofGa.Un tbs Act, approved February 18th, 1854,1 ap pointed Lis. R. D. Arnold, Richard Moore dnd Philip Minis, and Hines Holt and A. M. Nis bet, Eaqra, to investigate and determine upon the building* necessary to be erected, for the ad ditional accomm datfoa of Lvnatctf Upon the resiguati on of Dr. Mini* and Col. Holt, their vacancy was filled by the ap pointment of R. H. Ramsay and Nathan Mc- Gehee, Esqrs. The necessary buildings have been determined upon, put under contract aud are in rapid progress of construction. I refer you to the report of this board herewith trans mitted, for the details of their proceedings, the terms of tlie contracts for the buildings, the amount expended, and the amount necessary to tbeir completion. Looking to the proviso of the fourth section of this act, I first doubted whether it authorized the work to proceed, if the estimates transcend ed #50,000. But being satisfied, as it most appear to every intelligent man, that the insii tutiou could not be enlarged to an extent equal to the necessity of tlie case, not in architectural harmosy with the original design, nor in ac cordance with the character f the State, my construction of the proviso was, that It intend ed to limit the the expenditures to #50.000, prior to another session of the Legislature. It was the opinion, also of the commissioners, a majorittof them being physicians feai I .r with the ueecwesitiefl oi such Institutions, that if the Legislature iutened to limit tlie extent of the improvements within the aggregate and fiuai sum of #50,000, it was totally inadequate to I'urnisb the necessary additional accommoda tions. Hence, it seemed to be tlie reasonable intention of the act, to initiate such improve ments and additions to the Asylum buildings, as would enable the institution to fulfil the end of itsestablishmeut, to appropriate #50,- 000 for the first two years and leave it to a succeeding Leglisture to complete the work. 1 Under the construction of the law, I did not ' hesitate to sanction the report of the gentlemen i appointed, aud permit the work to progress.— ' It will devolve upon the Legislature to make I the appropriation necessary for its completion. I herewith transmit the bi-eunial report ot the trustees. Buperiuteudeui and Resident Physician. From them you will learn fully the progress, condition aud operations of the institution, all reflecting credit upon the faeul ity of those to whom ite interests are confided. They will pisclose to you its wants: let them be supplied with a liberality commensurate with the claims of the unfortunate deemed, and wor thy the character of a great auu growin.. State. Pardoing Pourer. The Executive is charged with no duty more embarrassing and delicate than that of deciding upon petition* for purdon. in most cases, the application is sustained, nut only by a long list ut siguera, but by the streaming tears of the heart brukeu wile or mother. To resist sucu appeals requires a lirmnes of nerve, bordering upon stoicism, aud a deafness to the cry of dis tress, which resembles indufereuce to haman woe. But the Executive, whilst be rexnemOers hie i oath to execute the law iu “mercy,' must also | look steadfastly to the great interest* of society I wh chare involved in the exercise of the pardon-; ing power. The public are deeply concerned in the proper punishment crime. The security of life, property, reputation aud the social weai depend upon it. Certainty aud uuformity iu the execution of the criminal laws are ofiucalcu able importance. They are terrors to evil doers, whilst facility, in pardoning offence*, gives ucense to the commission of crime, by holding up the hope of impunity. Impressed with these views aud the opnnoi, t'iat too much clemency has tx-eu heretofore practised, I have interposed with great caution. For the purpose of preserving consistency aud settling the principles upon which this power should be exercised, 1 have opened a book in thisoffee, entitled the ■•Pardon Docket,” in which every ease of application is entered, and the .reasons briefly staled on which it was decided; aud 1 have aduped writen rules fur my guidance. In order that proper responsi bility to the public may be secured,! respectful ly reeomend toe passage of a law requtrering the Executive, in future, to communicate to the Legislature, at the opening of each session, a full list if pardons granted, together with a state ment of the reasons on which lus decision of each case was predicated. This will draw attention to, aud result in tue formation of sounder public opinion upon this important subject. Uuder the provision of the seventh section ot the first artime of the constitution of this State, on the 6th oi June last, I respited the sentence agmst Jacob Mercer, convicted of the murder ot Green B. Lee, m the country of Stewart, auu adjudged to be hung on the sth day o June. 18-05. Un the 251 u day of August -ast, I aisu respited the sentence agtusi J onu T. Bov d, cuu vicied ol the murder, iu the second degree, ul Alexander M. Ksuuioon, iu the county ut Mus cogee, and adjudged to be hung uu tue 7th day ul September, 1805. The sentence in both case?, is respited uulu Uie 23d day ui toe prvseut muntii • it win tueieivte uenuovetoe Le s ilature togiv'. cueir early attention to tuese ca* s. It is u . icsigueoluai toeactiuuoi toe teae u ive, shiuu K cu-Jirued into uu expr<.*:.i n oi opinion, x .v wual oiigu'. to be toe hum ui to l* gls.aiuic. 1 uucasusSiiuUiU be deciUeu Str.ui dip uued upon uiy uciiot*, i iext cOuad to g V . utoOrto-MbU: Couv.v.o toe ueueht to v-er, extesutetaig euetUMtenw, *ad ca«i upu* im D pardoning power the responsibility of delermin ,j ing their fate. i Former Legislatures, in few instances, have j. exercised the pardoning power, by pmiug laws e fur that purpose, in cases not capital. The con j stitutionality of such action is so questionable, t that it ough’t never again to be attempted. Tho 7th section of thelst article of the Btate > constitution, confers upou the Governor thc k power “to grant pardons, or to remit any part -of a seatauce, iu il. cases after conviction, ex- - cept for treason or murder, in which case ho t may respite the uxcution and moke report tbereoi 1 to too next General AAiembly, by wuom a pur i don may be granted.” Heucu the power to , pardon in case not capital, is entirely distinct , trutn the power to pardon iu capital ofieuces. I'ho one u vested in the Governor, tho otlier iu t the General Assembly. Therelure toe first sec tion of tho first article of the constitution womu seem to settle the question. It declares that ‘ -toe Legislative, Executive and Judiciary de- • partiuents shall be couliued to a separate body - ot magistracy; aud no person or cuUucliou u. » liersuus, bemg one of those departments, shah exercise any power properly atuicuud to eituui ot the others, except iu too instaucee hereiu ex pressiy permitted. It is ueedtou to say, Uuii toe power under eousiuoraiion is uot one ut ttwai ■•msiauces.'' Tue executive will always reapec. the wishes of the Legislature, uuU toerciuru, it > were better for them to recommend turn to pur- - dun, where in cases not capital, they think ciem i uu«y is due, than to attempt toe exercise oi a power so questionable as imiuiacaucul ot u la» - tor that purpose, Boundary line between Florida and Georgia. Iu cuuioriuity with an interlocutory decree uftlie riupremc Court of the United Blates, the i tost General AsSeuiuiy, by resuiutiuu, requileu - toe Executive to appoint a Uonuuissiuum uno Surveyor ou the purl ut Georgia, iu iuu auu marz toe boundary line between the Blates ui . r lurida and Georgia, wueuever the tormur shuma oiguily its acceptance ol the decree aud its read iness to proceed therewith. This resolution was duly executed by the appointment ul Alex. A. Anon, Esq., as Cummisaiuuer, aud James R. > Buits e Esq, as purveyor, uu toe part of tuis Blate. 1 nese gentlemen, iu cuujuuetiuu with me Commissiuuer aud Surveyor ou tne part oi Florida, devoted four moutus to the pruoucutiou ol tue work; and by toe amount ol labor per formed, Uie iniormaUun collected, aud the scieuci. exhibited, they fully evinced tour industry, fidelity aud capacity. But tlie survey was nut oompieted. It was abruptly terminated by a uiistiudersiauding between the two Commission ere, as to the teiuis agreed upua, oa which the work should be perl or wed. Thia, with other causes, prevented a hearing of tha case pending between toe two 8 tales, at the last sessiuu ul toe Suprem Court; aud upou motion of the Attorney General of the United 6tales, toe United btatea was permitted by the Court to intervene, aud to become a party thereto. This is the present status of this uupieasout contro versy. By letter dated 24th of September of the present year Governor Broome proposed, that oy the consent of the Executives ui the respec tive State*, the cause should be continued, in order to obtain from the Legislature of etcu State authority for the settfeuieat of the ques aud it* removal Irum the Court.” Alter consul tenon with John McFhersau Berncu, Esq, the lending counsel m behalf of Geuigm, this prop osition was accepted, and the cause wui be con tinued for the purpose indicated. Florida h me complaining party and instituted the suit. Hence, it was (Lcmcd beet to yield to her wishes thus expressed, uot umy us a matter of cum tesy, bat to evince a readnieM to reciprocate every indication of amity emeuatiug hum her. The existence of litigation between adjoining sister States of the confederacy, ideu.ified in interest, ie a matter deeply to be deplored. It is better to teruuuate it by settlement, if possible—more consonant with the dignity and decorum wuich should characterize their mtei course. The tone and tenor of Governor Broome s letter is such, as to justify the hope that tne effui t may icod to the most grainy mg result. lie| says, it is believed, that, with too information acquired by t e commssion of last year, a settiemeul may be effected, provided u proper spirit of conciliation ' ! exists, and of this be entertains no doubt.” L j will doubtless buyout pleasure to meet the State of Flurida, on toe terms aud in the spirit pro posed. 1 therefore re pectfully suggest, tuat tue General Astombly adopt sucu measure as will enable tee negotiation to be entered upou, lor the settlement of this long standing contro versy. The- manner of conducting it, whether t by toe Executive ur by a special commissioner c.othcd with the requesite power, will be pros cribed by the Dugisisture. Tho matter i* re»- pectiluiiy submitted aud your acuuu invoked. Brunswick The resolution of the last Legislature, approv ed February loth, 1854, recoiumeudmg to the i c ongress ul the United Blates, the establishment j of a Naval Depot, at Brunswick, was forwarded i to our senators aud Kcpreseiitativcs. They • brought the subject before Cong lews and ehcced ! a report from the Bucretaiy ut toe Navy, b gh- iy lavorable to the ultimate sucues of tue euiei pnse. When it is considered that Brunswick! alters the best harbor lor shipping South oi the c husapeake, that it is a point at which ail the material tor ship building aud repairing can be obtained on toe must luvorab u teims, tnat there is no Navy Yard between Nurtoik aud i’ctisu cola, a length of coast ui nearly two thousand ! miles, that it is capable ot being made a slruug < point fur military deieuce to tne Southern At-. iautic coast, aud tout it is the uuXc.ru! «utiet to ; unit ocean, tor toe extensive cruvsl aud trade j ol the vast country streieniug from toe Gulf ui ' Mexico, the object contemplated by the rcsoiu-. lion ta one of deep concern to the State ot i Geucgiu. It ahuuid be urged by ail propei I means aud influence*. Federal Relations. I herewith transmit resolutions and act* ol the Legislatures ot toe various Stale* wiiicu have been forwarded to tumuepartuieut. They either concern directly or indirectly, our Feuerai ' itelatious; uud some ul them are ui a character which renders it doubtl'ui, whether a proper sell i respect suouhi nut have dictated their uient re tuiu to toe source whence they cauuiatud. But it is deemed bust to err uu toe sideot courtesy, aud viewed in cuuncctiou with toe present po litical condition, oi our country, they suggest matter of the gravest import lor our euusidura tion. hi 1850, the people of Georgia, responding to a FroeiumaUou ol touir Chief Magistrate, nut in Convention, far toe purpose “of J*t*rmiuiug 1 the course wiucu the state would pursue, iu re -1 fcreuce to a series of Acte passed by the Cuugruu ! ut tne Umled States, known os too “Compro mise measures.' ” All those uicuure*, "directly ! ur indirectly affected the institution ot slavery, ' but were designed to form a couuecuxi, 1 scheme of pacific adjustment.” While Geor gia found m it "matter forobjection aud mallei ! tor approval,” still, m a spirit ot devotiou iu tot ' Umuu, she caimiy, coiisiuerud in buvereigu Convention, wLetuer, “consistent to her honor, \ sue coaid "abide by the general scheme ol pa -1 citicatiuu,” aud whether her interest lay "iu ad hereuce to it, or iu resistance.’ The result was 1 tual whilst she did uot "wholly approve, yei sue would "abide by it,” as a permanent adjust -1 ineut of this sectional controversy. But sui ‘ did so upon terms, bhe put tue woriu epuu notice. Inal sue “will auu ought to resist, eve-.. V ui last result) to a disruption of every lie uiat binds her to Uie Umuu, auy inture acuuu ' ol congress, upon the sub,ect ol slavery in toe ’ D.Strict Ol Columbia, or in plums subject tc -ue jurisdiction of Cuugiews lucumputnue wiu. ‘ me solely, aoiues.m truuquuny, tue nguts auu ' auuui' ui slaveuo.diug Bmuts, ur auy act sup- J pressing toe SiUVo Uaue uetwum toe siaveUvm .ng Bonus, ur auy reiusiu to auui.t, ao a bui.v auy territory ueieulter a r p<y.ug, uecauae ui to existence oi Bravery therein, ur auy act pruuiu. aug the introduction ul staves lUto toe ter. Hoi ie !' of v. toa.aiklNew Mexico, or auy.uct i.peahu o o. .ha Liialiy uiouiiyiug toe raws uuw in .nice iui tae recovery oi logiliv. saves. it was Uopru ibcttU nUu-U pfuVC, WIMLI LizC*- •vert prOJl itd cC, u iiudra uUjIULIUVUt ui ».** .u c j a-d Hull U*c cuuuu j w ,-u.- u. ce ji re rt-ju,' repose. Il was u-.-pua, t—i m.-. r —-a- •* saermue, isvu.v.ug . j -utrciMlc-' oi ail pu t.cipatiuu, uu toe part u I .tic Dra.-—m... a Bratta ra Uie vast lectiiMiy «.! w vadiurara- to* sy-r-i. to ITA t would be appeased. It won hoped, that the ex hibition of such disinterested devotion to Hire Union would provoke a cordial reciprocation, > on the part of nomdaveholding States, aud re- ■ store those fraternal relations, between tlie two , great sections of the Confederacy, which prorap . ted the tuaguanimous compromise* of the Con , stitution. But this hope has nut been realized. : The agitation coutinuto. The sterm cloud still l obscures tlie glorious light of our political firm- - anent, and threaten* to discharge iu thunder on i our heads. i Tne laws now in force for the recovery o - fugitive blavee, have not been repealed or ma i terially modified. But it is constantly threat ened. The Convention of 1850, expretwen the . deliberate opinion, tliat “upon tlie iaithfui exe i cution of tho Fugitive Slave Law, by the ■ proper authorities, depends the preetrvuuou oi i our much loved Union.” How eonteniptuous . ly has the declaration been treated in some ol the non-slavehoiuiiig States! In Massachusetts Vermont aud other States, act* have been passed, virtually nsllifying the law. In some .u3tauciM, it has been executed, and with great, difficulty iu every instance, where it has been. A slave escaped trom Maryland into I’enusyl vania. His owner went to recaptu e him— was butchered, and the Courts failed to execute tlie taw or punish the crime. A stave escaped . iiom Virginia to tlie city of Boston. Tu effect ms recovery, the President had to order the army aud navy to protect the Marshal, at an expense of mure Uiuu #IOO,UUU. Such are specimens of the manner in which the Fugitive Slave Liw is enforced, although toe Georgia Convention declared, that the Union depends upou its lailhiul execution. A case lor resist ance however, is uot made, un il it shall be re pealed or materially modified by Congress.— t'herefore, if no redress cun be had, consistently 7 with the Constitution, in the adoption of retali atory measures, let us “iu putieuce possess our souls,” trusting tliat the patriotism of the North may yet be rallied to the rescue. The compromise measures of 1850, established the principle, that the people ot Uie territories sliuuld determine diequesliou of slavery fur tbeiu sleves, aud that hereafter, such territories shuuio be admitted, as States, into the U niou, with ur without slavery, as they should decide. The last Congress passed an act to organize territo rial governments fur Kansas and Nebraska, in which this principle was practically applied ; aud by the repea of the Missouri proh.bitio which it contains, it opens those territories to the slaveholder, with bis property. The late election* in Kansas show, that a large majority of the people are in favor of adopting slavery as a part of tbeir domestic system ; aud the indi catisus are, that she will probable apply, during theeusuing Congress, foradmi&iiou to the Union as a slavehulditig State. This bring* up the paramount question of the day. Looking tu the elements of tho next Congress, it seems, that the anti-slavery free soil sentiment is iu the ar cendency, and that her application will be re jected. This therefore ie the, condition of af fairs—on the one hand, we see the threat, aud the power to execute it, to refuse the admission of this territory into the Union, “because of the existence of slavery thereinon the other, Georgia stands pledged to resist such an act, • even (a» a last resort) to a disruption” of the Union. How then, can we secure the admis sion of Kansas as a slavehuidiug State, without resorting to this fearful ultimatum ? It can on ly be duue by an unflinching adherence to the position which the State has taken. She is Uie centre of the column ot her Southern confeder ates ; they will rally around aud sustain her. — If she falters, all is lost. The determination to resist is settled—the manner is not. The Con vention failed to specify iu this partiuciar. It being the province of the sovereignty, the Legislature cannot supply the omission. 1 therefore recommend you to provide by law, for be calling of a S late Convention, ui the event of the rejection of Kansas, “because of the exis tence us slavery therein,” to deliberate upou aud determine the time and mode of the rwis lauce contemplated by the 4th resolution of the Convention of 1860. The benefits of such action by the Lo islature are apparent. Should the contingency arise after your adjournment, it wuuld make the call iuf un extra session absolutely necessary. By j providing for it now, you save a heavy expense 10 the Treasury. Another advantage will be the conviction upon the minds of tue people of Ibe uoii-slavu uuidiug Stales, tnat Georgia is iu earnest.— Ulis is importaut, for Uiey do not believe iu— I'huir Ireesoil picasi* aud speaker* ridicule tlx idea, that we are the least serious iu ouravoweu duterniiuatiou to resist. We leei aud know lliai we are ; aud us a matter ut mere good faith, we should undeceive them, ere their delusion betray them to extremes, tium which there is uo retreat. Such action moreover, will furnish the sound : Constitutional nieu of the North, with the must potent argument by whicu to appeal to the pa irioiisiu ol tiiuir leiiuw-cilizeus. il will oireal the attention ul all thinking uiiuds, aud rous to We niguest degree, bat devotion lo tho Un ion which auiiuuies the b.«uuis ol toe musses in every section. .1 will “strungthen the Ituties and uula up tlie bauds ' of that miri pid bauu ui Northern patriots, wuo, both ill uud out oi Congress, are willing to stand by the South in tuta perilous struggle. 11 we tail to main tain our position, tney, fail; we strike iiuui them the prop that support* them; they wii. I be overwhelmed lor fuliy, 11 they attempt ti. j viudieute uur lights, alter we have tailed lu | Oat tie lor them. ■ Nor au'juid such action by the Legislature I be r-gaided in the light ul u threat tu Uie non ! siaveuOidiug Stales. That would be asdeiugu ! tory totned.guity ofueargta, as it w .u d l« i wuuuduig lu uaur price. But lu tae Words u, ! tue Cvuvenliuu ut 185 U, “we should addies* to tueni the language of culm aud irauk remuo .itrauce, latuer tirau oi defiance or meuuee. — IV e Woo d recaii tavra tu tue laithfui discharge ui duty us eoinedcrates, by an appeal lo thou .eaauu aud taeir uiurat seuse.' 11, aitei all, th appeal, iu the form suggested, should prove uu availing, we should nave tue pioud suiistactiou. us Uaviug placed uur Btate InuiiiptauiUy in Ita right, uuu oi casting upou them tue learlul re sponsibility of driving del' to her learml uituuu turn. Let uie not be understood as counselling rasi. aud precipitate action. Tne cull of such a Convention, should it become necessary, might uul, as u matter of course, lead to disuuiuu. ii might be within the scope ol human wisdom to devise other uieaua ot redress, it would cer taiuiy be their duty, as it would bo their desire, 11 possibiu, to do so. “Disruption” should in deed be tne "last resort.” Bull however, ii they should, after mature deliberation, become uustied, that iliasuiuuui' would be tae only remedy, it could uot, iu tin very nature oi Uie case, be carried luto iustau effect, it would require several mouths, uuu during that time, tne reaction iu the uou-s.ave uuidiug Brales might be so decided and saluta ry, us to evince a senseol returning justice uuu oi renewed teaity to the Cuustilutiuu. iudeeu we already see the indication ui' a tavura ote reaction, wuich encourages the hope, thu tue patri’ilism oi Ibe North will save us trou. tue necessity ui rraortiug to the ultimatum u, me "Georgia Etaliom. ’ It is eviuced by th' recent electrons, uud aas Iksju brought übuui uy tue noble uud self sacrificing effort* of tue »juud lueu ul Uie UeU-oiaveuo.diiig Blates. A' ad events, tne Convention wou,d nut act mistily iVuust tucy would proceed with the nrmuewt ui auu.terabie purpose, they woiud also act wi.u nerl considered prune.ice and caution, i'uey would uot ixiupl uu tr .luuUue lor Itmuediate un>. auvuudilluu Idisrupti-iu, but provide for it to take rtiect ut a uay future, sulffcieuiiy remote ie aonut of lui* reacuon lu tee rueau lune the popurar elections wu .ave uite?p.rud ra l<»e uuu-s.uveuuid.Ug Bta.es raiuuier vuugress uia j nave uSoeuioieu, Wu , jpuu lecvuswerauuu, aud seeing tue puoiUv. A cxevi gra, auu toe peril ul tue C uiuu, way au uil lx a 1 -pas us a sra , thUlUiiig D>uie. tart to .u.diuauuu ul icSistauce tauexir.', uu iiatuui m >o iu auuW Huie iur reacliuu, U uecd tai auu le ie uuu anil void upon tue aduilsdriu ui ixaura ,y a .-jiCC-iied duj .u Uv, uu. IO take eiitCl, upon It uUu. rej CJuU. lu* wuu.- . u..Ut tue ra st puv. Yr- to l.u, UU - u.vuuiUtug BUt-ue, to raVur ul tue .-e BuOtaaud -u LuivU. A.-vuVu ail, it Wuue. i them lui uui.seque.akS, ..u*. «<it .e .- ran poaauvu ut urtv.gia *u to* usu - mation of mankind. I conscientiously belicuv 1 this to be the best way to preserve tue Union. , It uas a lover of the Union, that I recommend ■ it. Georgia has solemnly declared, that “the > American Union is secondary iu mpurtanr e ■ only to the rights and principles, it was de- ■ signed to perpetuate ; ” and iu accordance with - this, sho has solemnly awiuuncol, that she will I "resist, {even as u last resort.) to a disruption • of every tie that binds her to the Union," tlie i acts of Congressional encroachment euumerafed in the 4th Resolution of the Convention of 1850. • These two announcements taken togetiier, if they mean anything, express her determination i to maintei* her rights in the Union, il she can. • but out of the. Union, if she must. The people of Georgia endorse the vow; let their Represen tative* prove themselves equal to the emergen ■ cy. This communication is necessarily suggestive 1 not argumentative; otherwise, ita ieugth, instead of being tiresome, as it is, would lx- intolerable I have barely glanced at the most inqxirtant sub jects which claim your consideration—lt re mains fur you, iu your wisdom, inspired by en larged anil devotid patriotimi./odiiqwife of them as may "appi-ar most conducive to the inline! aud prosperity of the State.” HERSCHEL V. JOHNSON. [COMMUNICATBD.J Letter from Maj. J. F. Cooper on the Lime Kiln Tnrn-Outs. MIU.KDOKVIIXK, Nov. 3,1855. Messrs. Editors: Observing, iu Some of th. opposition papers, a good deal of remark upoi the action of our Road concerning the •'turn out’’ at Mr. Howard’s Lime kiln,’ well cakuia ted lo make a false impression on the pubiie mind, I ask for a place in your columns lo ex plain the subject. Before I took charge of the Road, I had no ticed the many serious accidents which had happened to the trains at the two turn-outs which had been put down at Howards' and Rogers' kilns, in Cass county, and I cons'd ered them nuisances which should tier.moved and among my first official acts as Superintend ent was an order to take out the “Frogs" ai those pointe. Against thia order I soon re ceived remonstrances from both Messrs. How ard and Rogers, but I should neverthcleM buv. adhered to my determination, had not Mr. Rogers produced a contract agreed to by Mr Mitchell, by which the Road was placed unde, obligations to keep a turn-out at his kiiu, sc long as he burned Lime, and the right of wa;. through hi* land wa* the consideration paid in the maintenance of the turn-out. 1 was com pelled to recogni** thi* agreement and rescind the order, as far as Mr. Hbgers’ kiln was con- cerned. and as I could not close both, I did noi then close either. I dotermin >however, nos lo pass an opportunity to rid the road of thes' annoyances. Some time in September last, ii consequence of the Frogs breaking at both kilns, the straight track of the Road was cine--: at both, and we found ourselves, for the tiim at least, clear of these interruptions. Applications were soon received from both pointe for the frogs to be* replaced, to which ii was replied, that even if replaced, cars could not be loft there iu consequence of the great demand from regular Stations After writing two or three complaining letters, Mr. Rogers came in person to Atlanta, to represent Ins case. I replied, as I had written, that I could not seud him cars then, even if the frog was put in, and I then proposed to purchase his right to a turn-out, which had been guarantied to him. After some little negotiation, we agreed upon the price which he would take fur the right of way aud bis turn-out privilege. Ji was paid to him, and writings were exchanged by which the Road secured the right of way and was relieved from the annoyance of a frog at Rogers’ kiln. Being thus cleared of one, and not conscious of any obligation to continue the other, I caused Mr. Howard to be informed that the frog would not be replaced at his kiln, i'his is the truthful history of the whole trans action. As to the injury to Mr. Howard, it is in a. great measure imaginary. He is only : equired to haul his lime to Kingston—a distance u. less than two miles—and he will usually fine ears there into which it can be loaded. Hi will thus enjoy a regularity in his business which will repay to him the cost of hauling—even i lie should not put upon his customers that ui> ditionai charge, and I uni very sure be will no. deny, that during ti e month succeeding th removal us liis frog, he has sent off more iini tliau for two mouths anterior to this uct of IL Read, which ha* been adjudged so outrugi'ou and oppressive. Tue atumpts to connect Gov. Johnson wit: ■ his trausactiuu, and lo make it ap|ieur us a act of political vengeance, though quite ii i keeping with the malevolence which Lasdun acterised his opponents iu the lute euuva-e-., ■ entirely gratuitous. The frog was ivinuvi dv fore the e/ectm»i, and tue measures adopted do*e up these copious sources ol accident wen •■niireiy my own, ami dictated by my cunvu Hou of toeir propriety. While ou the subject of Mr. Howards' grin auccs, 1 'Will advert also to the puolicc- uq-iii u inade by him ou the subject oi ins Freights. Lime transported from bis kiin to Atriutu ■ charged exactly us 1 found it charged when ■ became Superintendent, but my predecesa made a reduction ou lime destined lo Angus . , Columbia and oilier pointe. He made ridu. i ions also ou corn, wheat, uud some other ar. cies, destined for the seaboard. Conceiving this policy to be in conflict with the buperm teudeut’s oath to make uo discriminations i. favor of Railroads connecting iu Georgia, uin being confirmed iu this opinion by Judge King and Mr. Cuyler, to whom I suggested tlie di., acuity, I directed that all down Freights (.-. »■< should bear the same charges whctlw. consigned to Atlanta or points below, aud in. js our invariable rule. A bushel of wheat fr..r. Chatanooga, a barrel of flour from Etowah, <• a cask of lime from Kingston, pays the Rom .he same, whether intended for consumption a' Atlanta, or sent forward to the most dista' i markets. Very respectfully, your ob’ut serv’t, JAS. F. COOPER. Superintendent W. & A. R. R- Cubio-s Statkof Affaibs.- We learn fro he Lawrence Herald of Freedom, Ural < < iraue, a member ol the last Cougre-ss, who i ed ror the Nebraska Kansas bill, ami wnu “ f rmerly Lieutenant Governor ut Indiana, i n . practising lawyer there tor twenty yeare, i.a .ecu refused permission tu practice iu tUv tei< .orial euurts ui Kansas ta-cuuse oe wuuul ir ake an uuth lo sustain tue enactments of ii.> Legislature, recently iu session. lie was ti ouiiselut McCrea, who a indicted tormurdei tun Uie same permission was reitural tv J. 1 Eiueiy, ot Lawrence, for the same reason. M' i r-ra cau gel uo cuuusvi except taose in fa i >1 uis conviction- Makkiso Niswst'ari.HS. — ibe I’celuiu.-. • UlrTili • il' kiC Uxl LuilL U lUUFn Ulu C ;t upp'/Mu: ari;c.u iu u v. tic -JK.' Uhjcci Ui CUiHUg UiiUhtiUii CUV <«’ w«te MU* U*v lu MvltVl . j LATEST NEWS. 'j Four Days Later front Europe. e ARRIVAL OF THE STEAM ER I ■ ' • "■ • i ' Aliago. ; Nt.w Vor.K, Nov. 6. The stc-amrliiji Arugo is in tic l, u ib< ilih w with four days later iutellipi >;«• |,<m Em, She sailed from Havre the 24t1, uh. j [SECOND DLSPA'ICH.J Livkri-i oi., Oct. 24. Cotton is dull and unsettled. Priors have declined l-Bd. Sale* for t' c three btuuntM , days 12,000 baits. i Wheat and flour tire steady and qniet.— Ohio flour rules ut 50s. to 545; wlnit lls Cd to 12s; white 12s Ud to 12* fid. Corn is active and unchanged. Provisions unchanged. Ihe London Money Market is stringent.— Consols are worth 78 l-2c. FROM THE SEAT OF WAI! The <upturn of Kinl-uin is ■i il in d A •qtiiidi, ii of m un,, is liti pt Ir , q . Dniep, r con iiun.diip t! e (I'.iiiiuk t<. N mi, ,11 ami ChiTaoli. The ■ hoi, ra is raging t, rribiy hi Madrid. “ The Russians blew lip 11,c fortifications of Oczukakcffun on the 18th. The Allies landid 30,01:0 trrop* on lhe pen insula of Leudia the morn i,g oi the raplnrc of Kinbiini. Tbeir dt-slinafu-u vas uiikimun. Sir Win. Molesworti timiu-msned Eng lish StutC-lnan, died i Id. Another bread del> -n wa- mad al Hyde Park on Sumin :t„ There is nothing i> rem the Ctimea. LOUISIAN I IONS. ’vss, Nov. 6. The Know Note wild the city by a huge majority in the State is not uscci’taiuud. I’’ • • ‘■■n-’iw »,(. j u I'nvi r of ihe Know Nothing in. D Additiona.il per Baltic. New 1 ohk, Nov. s.—Theßusiiiuisattacked rears, but were repulsed, with a toss ol about four thousand men. The Czar hus issued a ukase for the enroll, uient ol the militia at the rate of twcuty-eigbt meu iu every thousand souls lu Cicily, bunds ol armed men are collecting, i'roups have been sent out against them. It is reported that Egypt is aboal to pro hibit the rxport of corn. New Oki.eans, Nov. 5, P. M.—The steamer Nautilus bus arrived, bringing later d.tes Irrun Matamoras. From four lo tive thousand men lia e been ordered by the M xicau government to the froutier, to rejiel the Tevas Rangers Vidauri has been appointed' Commandcr-iu chief of the forces on'the Rio Grande. V idauri bus ordered the commanding < fiber at Matamoras todiscburiretl.eNatiouaiGuurds. V idauri has addressed a note to Marcy, com plaiuiug of the violation of the Mexican treaty, aud charging the Commander at Fort Duueuu with aiding the ffllibustent. Tue election in this State is progressing Hith er quietly. In Uie third district, one Ameri can aud ouc Gerinun are reported lo have been killed, ('apt. I’luce, of lhe Uhuliiictte Guards, was wounded. The,result oi the election is nut known. Nkw Oin.RAN , Nov. 5, P. M.—Cotton— lhe market is uiicluinged. Seven thousand bales were sold to-day. Nkw York, Nov. 3.— Citton— The market is unsettled. Flour has advanced twelve to twenty-live cents. Nkw York, Nov. 5, P. M.—The Cotton’ market is dull, Middling Orleans may l,e quoted at 9 38e.; Upland 8 1 2e. 1- icur is u trifle lower. State V'J.'.o. Ch arlkstox, N ov. 5 Cotti u~-A lx,ut til'ti eu Lu, dred baits were sc" , u-,iuy. Tin re Ins ecu u devline "ol 1-2 t, ;| IV llC e,pi ui'the Bailie's news. ' Isruisvtiii.K, Nov* . extensive bag g ng uud rope l ictory < Duutep ut this piace, wa* tot lly di lire Ibis morn ng, together with i uuiing u ling-; quantity of hemp. iggiug. I l,e uss is estiuialed ut wlin i, Unrv -■ uu iiisuriuice to ti l(;,i,i u BT Lovis. N V. .ii; ~ Itn.'li : ■ .< n:u cars, wl, cil 1. ',. .icil.n loi.ie- ■ >rate the o ening ul u,v i n ,ii Itui r ,(l t . leli 'i'H' i, .-oy. in, i with a tcrrilm luuiu.n.— Whilst eieH'iu: ti.e Gsscnud' Kvii.id, ui one iiUUUi'ed IliUes I,'Oiu Ifils piuce. l,a hnilg. .'.iV- wuy. piccip luting ten cars a distance oi uarlv ,inr y leer.i,io ii,c riv. r. Ti.. i vv.te pwaiilsoi seven iuiialied lersons on I ~ 'iu. uctudmg uuu y <>| uur i ">.l , ,lizi ls. Atx ui ineuiy uru report, d Li.:' il'.niiw.el; ~ illy badly wounded. • &. O.Bud,van, lie chiel engineer C fe mn ,ug i; e .idled. There were my strung,' ai the iraiii. [seco.’ St. Lovis, Nov. zing uro the uKiSI proiwueut pure* kili.d: Rev. Dr. Builurd, B. B. ' U. B.acKiuui, ileury C. Heuteau ' ■ 'tuner, Adolph Aucls, Captain U. lltac.. '.', ,’d, Yost, George -toeili, Capt. O. Flaherty, Thus. U Sullivan •uiu t hos. Gray. The following are among tue badly wounded: J. N. Budd, Hutisou E Bridge, John C. lie hiirdson, Cupt. Cousins and Mr. Hu ,ter. Slightly injured, D. 11. Aimdi'.-ug and L. ‘•I. Kenucth. Passmore Williaiuson. The Washington Evening iSt«r,o| Ist iiist., ays: Thi* eccentric individnii! is fast earning.rven it. tue North, the reputation oi uc:ug much ■acre ol a fool than a luarlyr. Theiencver was i man luon limit on ix'iug uiJscrnble—on r Itis t gto Im comforted and relieved. Judg. Kane ■ d'cul d thut be med n t remain m prison u >oei ii. ait r hew jluiiswcr the questions pul lo ■tn Oy the < ourt, iKces-ury t,, purgv bin ol ■ 0n,,-nipt, ’ iur which he's in cum*<l.. — •it us Mr. W illiuui.-ous dignity, or l.tr < nidiv uscieiice, urhis vioicni liiupi r, oi s in i, ing Urat sort, in tel vqiies to pu vent hmm, in mu ng answer to lhe q cut ous ;o wuicl. », ice i. ' mnrt leniulii in priHUi nolil n.s e n.itnui > use gets tlie belter us Ins suUui.iK . I uu.- lu tee biumis jus l now. XlflJ*'Unclr.hasold M" Jones join-,I the 2<rakvn.'” “1 loulkr-’ 'cd •by you ask the q i.'.ili'ii ; 1 •e'Hg plain iau.iiiage. I u tel a i -rar 'Hi' • • tfXw 11 Mad " •' '■ ' ' «’