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6 THE UNIVERSALITY OF TROTH. In the common use of language, nothing is more prevalent than the confounding of the words tinth and fart. In a court of justice, a witness is required by his oath not to state the j facts, the whole facts. and nothing but the facts, but to tell the truth, the whole truth, and noth- j ing but the truth. This lie cannot do unless he j is able to tell what the facts mean; for truth is a logical deduction from known facts, and is not itself a thing done (factum) or a fact. A person may remember many facts without knowing the meaning of any one or more of the number. The right interpretation of facts demands a higher order of intellect, and far more cultivation, than to remember and record them as they transpire. Society owes most of its popular and mischievous errors, and its false notions of men and things, to the premature attempt to generalize observed facts, and establish truths for the guidance of human conduct. More than three centuries ago. Baco.v demonstrated both the value and the principle of the inductive system of reasoning, j and the necessarily slow growth of all true science. Such is the vagueness of human thought and perception, and such the imperfec tion of language, that even where no personal ; interest, nor preconceived ideas intervene to ' warp the judgment, many generations have to relate their experience, live and die lx-fore the j real meaning of common facts and things can l>c ascertained. Minds but little cultivated, or badly developed, where the imagination is stronger than the rea soning faculties, have little taste for severe logic, and generally accept the ready formed opinions of others as settled truth, especially where the : adoption of these established opinions favors j some sensual appetite, or tends to promote some social or political advantage. A wrong practice, or a false principle, is followed with little re morse so long ns it is fashionable: so that error lias the million on its side for indefinite ages, while truth is persecuted as a wicked rebellion agaiust tUS powers that be, This popular igno rance of truth- and contempt for the inductive ; system of reaching it, has naturally led educated persons in different nations and communities to entertain the most opposite views as to the right and wrong of particular systems of government, laws, religious creeds, domestic habits, and so cial institutions. Some well-informed people re gard negro slavery with perfect abhorrence; wliile others, better informed on this subject, esteem it as deserving of universal support and commendation. Notwithstanding this apparently hopeless and endless conflict of opinion, there underlies, deep in the human soul, the living germ of liarmo- ! nious truth, which expands ns knowledge and virtue increase in the world. It is the high function of this vital truth, which may sleep for ages but cannot die, to assimilate the moral and intellectual conclusions of the whole human fam ily. Three and two never make six in one man's mind, and four in another man's, when the rela tions of these numbers are understood by both; and in time, there will be equal unity, and there fore universality, in the truths attained from all known facts. The existing relations of things being the work of au all-wise, and unchangeable Creator, truth is not, and cannot be, either exclusively personal, local, or sectional in its nature, but is as universal as the universe itself. If this were not so, the world would be a mass of warring elements, in which neither vegetable nor animal organization could exist, nor the beautiful har mony of vital currents flow on through the 1 todies of countless generations. Cause and effect ate i left to no blind chance; so that the laws of Na ture may be comprehended and anticipated, as well as studied. No unity is more perfect than that which subsists between Nature and Reve lation ; between truth and duty. It is not more necessary to cultivate the ground out of which man was taken, and formed in the image of his Maker, than to cultivate every faculty that raises him above the beasts that perish. An unselfish love of truth, and skill in separating it from error, are attainments placed by Heaven within tho reach of all. It is, however, far more difficult to unlearn false notions on any subject, that is, correct errors which are already received as un doubted truths, than to learn the true meaning of facts on which no opinion has been formed. A wise person will never be hasty in making up his judgment from the presentation of a few iso lated facts. Experience proves that such hasty opinions are of little value, and often lead to evil consequences. There are thousands of farmers who are too ready to adopt the mere opinions of men of very limited observation, as embodying the principles of agricultural science. Such an error can lead only to disappointment and loss— loss of money and loss of confidence in what is termed book knowledge. A man has to labor faithfully to obtain truth as he would to extract pure gold from hard granite rook. "Wealth can not puNfiase high intellectual powers; nor can one mind a* the thinking and studying of another without dwafSjjg the faculties of the idle brain. Every youth sh\w learn to reason logically on every matter he thinks. This course leads to wisdom and st^ty. SOWING CORN BROADCAST. Now is the time to sow cork broadcast, or in drills, for soiling purposes, or forsaking excel lent hay. Make the ground stable manure; plow deep, stir all the soil, Wjd sow three bushels of com per acre. If youn%ve a subsoil plow, let it follow the turning plow in the same furrow, breaking the ground to the depth of twenty inches, but leaving the loosened subsoil unturned, and below the surface soil. Harrow the earth thoroughly before sowing the seed; and let the latter be covered by a one horse turning plow. If put in drills, mark out the rows three feet apart, sow the com liberally along the drills and cover with the plow. If in rows, run a plow a few times between them to keep down the weeds, and loosen the earth. SOTTXKKBJSr AM BXBJBBIDK, LETTER OF gen. WASHINGTON TO HOWELL LEWIS. SEVER BEFORE PIBLI3HED. Philadelphia, Augt 18th, 1793. Peah Howell —Your letter of the 14th inst.. | and enclosures, came duly to hand, i lam glad to hear you had a fine rain on the Thursday preceding the date of your letter, even if the corn should receive no benefit from it, be cause it would put the ground in good condition | for the the reception of wheat. I hope it was followed by another good rain on Wednesday night last. At this place it rained the whole night. I want to make an experiment with respect to taking the tops from com before the usual time. I know 7 that if the tops of a whole field were taken off' lie fore the dust has fallen, so as to impregnate the grain, that there will be no com; but as soon as this function is performed, the tops, in my opinion, serve only to participate in the nutriment which otherwise would lie more abundant for what remained. I lielieve, also, as the dust from the tassel impregnates equally with its own. all the corn (through the tidies of the silk) it | falls upon, that if every other row, throughout ’ a whole field, was deprived of the tops, the com, notwithstanding, would be equally good; and this is the experiment (although it is late for it) that I | want to have made. Tell Mr. Crow, therefore, i tliat it is my desire that he would immediately cut the tops from every other row of com in No. j 5, to the amount of twenty, beginning on the | side next to No. 2, by the bam. Let the first row retain the tops—the second, 4,6, and so on alternately, to the 40th, to lose them. lie need not go beyond the old ditch which formerly divided the fields. Particular care must be taken to cut the tops above the second joint, that is. above the one from where the corn proceeds. Experiments of this sort are easily made, and without risk or expense: and the result may be important. Ido not moan that the blades are also to lie taken oflf, for this might expose the stalk to the sun, stop the dr- j culation of the juice, and of course injure the ' grain. What arrangements have the overseers made for exchanging their wheat, and of what kinds does each sow agreeably to my former directions to 1 them ? The barley from hence has been delayed I lieyond my expectation—the vessel by which I ; intended to have sent it, having sailed sooner than was expected. Ido not suppose now, it j can go earlier than in Elltvood. But as soon as it is received, it must be sown, in order to give j it ftn equal chance in point of season. Whether to liegin on the contra side of the fields which j are sowing with wheat at the time of its arrival , or otherwise, I scarcely know r , at this distance, : how to direct. I would wish it to have neither ] lietter nor worse ground than what is allowed for wheat, and it would appear odd to have it in ' the middle of a field of this grain. The over- ! seers, knowing what my design is, must dispose | of it in the best manner the}' can to answer it. j Mr. Lear insists upon it, that he put the clover seed (in a cask containing about 7 bushls) into the store himself, on the left hand of the door. If it is not to be found there, you may tell Mr. Butler I shall look to him for the value of it, unless he can discover what is gone with it. The reason I had it put into the store was for safety: and he will find, by the written in structions I left with him, that the key of that house was not to remain in his possession longer than whilst he was in tlio act of giving things out. If the clover seed, then, is not there, But ler must have disposed of it himself, or by re taining the key in his possession, contrary to my orders, given the roguish people about the house an opportunity to come at it; in which case, as I have observed in a former letter, there can lie no doubt of their taking every thing else that was saleable. If no clover seed was gathered before you found the rake or comb, were not both seed and clover lost by standing too long ? And why this, ask Butler, when lioth are so essential to my wants. Is the clover which, by the report, is brought from the oat fields at Dogue Run, that which was sown last spring ? If so, was it rank enough to cut ? I do, in earnest terms, enjoin it upon you to see that the hay is used with the greatest econ omy at Mansion He—and particularly, to guard against Mrs. Washington’s Charles and her boy in the stable, both of whom are impu dent and self-willed, and care not how extrav agantly they feed, or even waste, for I have caught the boy several times littering his horses with hay. Except her blind horse, (wliich may be endangered by running at large) I see no sort of necessity there is for feeding the other with eitlier grain or hay, when they are not used, or any other horse that is at liberty and able to provide for itself; those that are kept constantly in the house, constantly at work, or under the saddle, must lie fed, or they would perish. I can plainly perceive that in a little time, (after saving what oats I want for seed another year) there will lie nothing either for my negroes or horses to eat, without buying, which will neither comport with my interest or inclination. By Stuart's report, 1 find he still continues to feed horses with com instead of cut oats, as I directed. What two saddle horses are those which stand in the Mansion House Report ? I know of none but the one which Mr. Whitting used to ride. Has Mr. Stuart received any aid in getting in his wheat ? and have you, as I directed some time ago, furnished him with plow beasts in place of those which he says have colts, and are una ble to work; & the other two. one of which, according to his account, cannot, & the other will not work ? Those which cannot, or will not work, had better be turned out for breeders, & their places supplied out of the brood mares— and tlio'se which have colts ought to be favored. As to liaving their hearts broken, I do not won der at it, considering how they are treated, A I fear rode of nights. I see by the report respecting the ditchers, that one of them is working at Union Farm, in the room of Cupid; but no mention is made of the latter, whether sick, absent or dead. Consider always that these reports are intended for infor mation, and ought, therefore, to be plain and correct; one part should always correspond, or at least not lie inconsistent with another part. In the Mansion House Report you make Godfrey sick six days, (wliich is the whole week) and yet he appears to be engaged in business some part of the week. I mention these matters not with a view to find fault, but to show you the advan tages of correctness; and as you are ft young man, just advancing into life and business, to impress you with tho propriety and importance of giving attention and doing whatever you un dertake well. How do the potatoes at the Mansion House look ? Let the ground be kept clean and in fine order—that is well pulverised, not only at top, bu* to a sufficient depth for grass. Unless Isaac is engaged about things, tho ex ecution «f which cannot be delayed, order him, and whoever is with him, to join Thos. Green, and the what of them to stick to the bam at Dogue Run untH it is completed. It appears to me that the whole*, or greatest part of the time of these people, is employed about one nonsen sical job or another, which is the very thing Green is delighted with, as they afford him a pretext to be idle or to lie employed in matters ■, yy-liich more immediately relate to himself. I wish this may not be the case also with Isaac, as I find he is very desirous of petting by him self always. When I said the whole were to be employed at the new barn at Dpgue Run, I did 1 not mean to leave the dormant windows in the stable (both back and front) unfinished, as they | have been begun, which would not have been the case if I could have conceived they would j have taken half or even a quarter of the time they have. In front of the stable I ordered two, one on each side of the pedement, dividing the space equally between the latter A the ends of the house. Davis, any more than the carpenters, ought not to be taken from the above work for every little trifle that might as well be done by that lazy scoundrel. Charles, who might as well be employed in white-washing, painting, or putting up bedsteads, as to take Green or him for these purposes. Idleness will be his ruin, for I have no conception of his employing himself otherwise than idly; A when this is the case, besides the bad example it sets to others, he will be in mis chief or making a disturbance in ye family. I do not recollect telling you in any of my letters, that the Rheam of writing paper which went by Ellwood, was for the purpose of sup plying the overseers, Ac., with paper to make their reports on. Give each (if you have not already done it) a quire, and let them know that it is to be applied to this purpose only. I did not expect an accurate account of the Hogs from the Overseers at this time; but if they do not keep a pretty good eye to them them selves, I shall have but a flemish account of them when they are called for as porkers. I see by the mill report, for the last week, 2.3 bushels of meal was brought to the Mansion House, when the usual quantity for that place is 20 bushels. Why was this done ? If 30 bushels was brought them it would, I am persuaded, be consumed, or otherwise disposed of in the week. Your Aunt A all here are well, and I am your aflecte uncle, G. Washington. Mr. Howell Lewis. —mMX- SEEDLING IRISH POTATOES. Mr. C. E. Goodrich, of Oneida county, New ; York, lias liegp experimenting for the last thir teen years in the production of seedling Irish potatoes. Some of the results of his investiga tions of this interesting matter have recently l»een submitted, to the consideration of an able committee appointed by the New York State Agricultural Society. Its Journal for April con tains the rejtort of the committee, from which we copy a few remarks: Mr. Goodrich also presented eighty-two varie ties of seedlings, originated in 1856, and inclu ding originally thirteen hundred of the nine thousand above mentioned, embracing those from very early to very late. He finds thesje later families producing a much larger propor tional number of good varieties than the earlier families did; because started from better bases. After the trial of another season, he li9pes to throw a large number of valuable varieties into market. The committee were very much pleased with all the specimens presented by Mr. Goodrich, and he must have taken infinite pains to produce so many specimens, and always of such tine ap pearance. It proves conclusively that he is not only an enthusiast on. the subject, and, from the length of time, beginning in 1846, that he has not only a taste for the cultivation of this plant, but, by his perseverance, is well calculated, in the end, to give the most valuable varieties. The potato itself, entering so largely into the consumption of our people, it is all important, both to their health and pecuniary profit, that even he, or some one else, conduct these experi ments to the end, if such be practicable. ——Ml Bloody Murrain. —We leam that this dread ful disease among cattle, is now prevailing on the east side of the river, about five or six miles from this city, to an alarming extent. On the plan tations of our friends J. D. Monk and William T. King, it has been very bad, having killed some of their most valuable stock; and we leam that it is spreading very rapidly among the cattle on the adjoining plantations. It is to be more fatal than the black tongue, which was so prevalent during the last summer throughout the country. There was some remedy for the black tongue, but it is said that there is none for the bloody murrain. We hope, if it should become an epi demic among the cattle, that some one will be able to find a remedy, and publish it. Selma (Ala.) Sentinel. Will not some gentleman in the district where this generally fatal malady prevails, send us a description of its most prominent symptoms ? From the time murrain prevailed as one of the plagues of Egypt, was referred to by Homer, and discussed at length by both Grecian and Roman authors down to tlie present day, the disease has often been the scourge of the bovine race. It is most commonly a malignant bilious disorder of a typhoid type, end better treated by prevention than by remedies administered after the system has become infected by the malarious or other poison. As the history of murrain is as old as that of man, and full of instruction, it will receive a due share of attention hereafter. In the meantime we suggest the propriety of keeping cattle out of swamps where ague, or chills and fever, would be likely to attack our own species. A mixture of salt, sulphur and soot, designed to act as a gentle aperient, and purify the blood, is the most promising medicine. Let all stock have free ac cess to salt, sulphur and soot, and to the purest water that can be had. The habitual drinking of stagnant water is a prolific source of epizootic distempers. Such water often contains either mineral or vegetable poisons, or both. Pure water, pure air, and nutritious herbage, with regular salting, are the best preventives of all diseases in live stock. m ~l I2F” Few planters will neglect to work their staple crops of cotton and com; but some may forget to put in as many peas as their stock will require before grass grows next year. Raise a liberal allowance for hay next winter and spring, for your working cattle, and cows giving milk. Before it is time to cut and cure the crop, we will tell you how we have managed these some what difficult operations with entire success. Double your supply of good forage and you will correspondingly increase your manure, and your profits next yean The leaf blight in the pear, Mr. Berkley, in the Gardener's Chronicle, still thinks, is caused by a minute fungus. jgp We give below the contribution of a valued correspondent, from whom we expect malty good, and some better things, for the Lit erary department of our paper. TVe hardly know under what name to publish the favor sent us. The writer himself calls it “ Facts and Fancies." , We feel inclined ourselves to introduce it to our ' readers under the more suggestive title of “A Ilynin, in prose, in praise of Agriculture." [Written lor the Southern FieUl and Fireside.] I have been thinking, or trying to think, as I always do. when I cannot find any other amuse ment and my thoughts liave gone wandering back the dim pathways of the past, and before my mental vision have arisen the spectres of Empires that have been, and are not. I see the ! mighty Nimrod gather around him those whose leader he has been in the sports of their child hood. and his brain conceives the government that his arm afterwards upholds—his children and his children’s children are a line of kings; | their people drain the marshes of the Euphrates, ! and cultivate the plains of Shinar, until without commerce, without trade, without manufactures j or mines, the descendants of the mighty hunter looked down from the lofty walls of Babylon, upon the greatest Empire of the world, while Ninevab, her rival in greatness, drew her vast j treasures from the self-same soil. But the vis ion of the cities of Chaldea is indistinct, for they are gone; but they fell only when the terrors of arms forced from the plain the shepherds and tillers of the soil, and when the fields became deserts, the towers became dust. Then before me I see another land, but the shadows of her Ramoses and her Fhariohs are dim in the distance; but there is a river that sweeps through the land—the Kings instruct the people to prepare a mighty lake, and dig ditches and canals, and then the great river overflows, j and the lake receives the excess of waters, the j canals guide it over all the land until it becomes a sea—the waters are strown with grain, and when they subside, such crops spring up from the new-made soil as only the world remembers j in tradition. AVars and pestilence have swept over that land. Thebes and Memphis are no . more; the Pyramids stand as monuments of de parted greatness upon the desert; the bodies of Egypt’s Kings and Queens are scattered through , the museums of the earth—yet the old Empire that was the prison-house of Israel, the refuge of the new-born Savior, the tomb of Cleopatra, is yet a nation on the earth, and yet the fields pay back in fruits, and grain, and floyvers. the greet ings of the Nile. Greece yvas happy while con tented with her verdant vallies, but the sea that j spread her greatness brought her foes, and Greece is poorer now than when she first learned the use of letters and of anus. Tyre rose like another Venus from the sea, but she had no life from the soil, and when the trade of her mer chants departed, the owls and bats came to in habit her palaces, and now the sea-bird skims above the rvavc and screams for the ships that used to shadow the deep. Carthage forsook agriculture for trade; her trade drew the envy of Rome, and the ruins of her cisterns only tell w-here. Carthage was. The fields of Italy yet produce the vine, but she was happier when Cincinnstus tilled the soil and before Cmsar led her sons to the conquest of Gaul. But' the curtain falls before the drama of the past, and I see before me the panorama of the present. I see an empire that has been black ened fry storms, that has acknowledged the lillies of thc*Bourbon, the tri-color of liberty, and now the eagle of Napoleon spreads its wings above her vineyards and her fields; and France, that is not renowned for trado or manufactures, is greater noyv than she ever has l»een since the legions of Caesar struggled through the forests. I see an island, and on the masts of the ships that almost hide its shores, there is a meteor flag that blends the rose and the thistle, the lion and the harp. The fields arc yvell tilled, it is true, but her life is in her trade, and the angel of history is waiting until the highway of commerce shall change, and then he will inscribe the name of England on the tablets of the past, and then India and China, the oldest agricultural empires of the world, may again be free—lndia from her arms, China from her opium. Then my gaze wanders towards the setting sun, and there is a great land; an eagle spreads his yvings above it, holding the olive of peace, but having in reserve the thunderbolts of yvar. Upon the banner of that land are the memorial stripes, but its blue is spangled with the stars of Heaven. The page of her history is open, and there I read that the power that bears the meteor fiag would have crushed her infant life, but when her trade was cut off, her sons yet battled for the fields that yielded daily bread, and the mis tress of the ocean was foiled by the young Nim rods yvhose existence yvas identified with the soil and yvhose rifles were angels of death. With the return of peace, the sails of the netv country began to whiten the deep, and when Mexico be came insulting, Old England said that there was nothing to fear from a nation of traders; but from the vallies of the Mississippi, from the corn fields of Virginia, from the cotton-fields of Geor gia and Carolina, came the sons of the sires of 1716, and then I learned the lesson of the past — that cities may become dust, that the din of maim factures may cease, the convulsions of States may sweep the white wings of trade from the waves; but the angel of peace is the sister of Agriculture, and the flag of Empire will follow the track of the plow. Novissimus. WOOL-GROWING IN TEXAS. For future reference, and to the exclusion of some editorial matter, yve give in this connec tion lengthened extracts from letters written by Mr. Kendall and Mr. Nichols, and published in the Country Gentleman, of May sth, which deserve more than a passing notice: My original Merino stock I purchased from the best flocks in Vermont and France. I have ewes which cost mo nearly S2OO each here; original price and transportation included. I have a three-year-old buck from one of them, got by Omar Pasha, (a buck sold at Rambouil let, from the Imperial flock for $2,000;) I have one imported ewe which has sheared as high as 17£ pounds. From tlfis you can judge the quali ity of my stock. As to the prices I put upon my pure bloods, I can say that I never intend selling a buck of my oyy-n raising for less than SSO. I w-ill not sell a ewe at any price—at least not to any one in Texas. I have one Ver mont buck I value at S2OO. Os coarse stock my original purchase was some 600 Mexican ewes at SI.OO per head. The same class of animals would noyv be worth here at least $1.50. These sheep shear about one ]>ound each on the average. I have since pur chased a few common American ewes, which cost me about $2.50 each. Animals of this class, shearing, say three pounds each, are worth now $3.00. No other than pure French Merino bucks have ever been allowed to run yvith my ewes; and, at tliis time, I can show wethers but three removes from my original Mexican stock, which shear five and six pounds of wool —and some of them as high as seven pounds, the wool very fine. From this you can see how I am improv ing my flocks. I have some three thousand sheep in all: in November last I put some six teen hundred ewes, two years old and upwards, to the buck; and hope to raise some fourteen hundred lambs the coming spring and summer. I have oeen engaged in the sheep business about five rears; the first three, my success was indifferent. Two years ago I came here with my flocks and family; have been here ever since, and during that time my success has been un paralleled. I have not lost at the rate of one per cent, per annum, and my sheep have run summer and winter without shelter, and no other food than what they could pick or crop on the hillsides and in the valley. Comal county is mountainous; healthier than any quarter of the world; and the climate, al though we have occasional cold and wet northers in winter, is superior to that of Italy. lam now writing to you with coat off. doors and windows wide open, no fire, and am perfectly comfortable —robins and other birds are singing in the live oaks. As an offset or drawback to all this, our crops have partially failed for the last two years, owing to a drouth. Old Texans, however, say that this drouth has been unprecedented. It has rained heavily for the last four months, and those en gaged in farming are all confident of good crops the coming year. That Western Texas will turn out to be a fine stock-raising region is unques tionable. I have some eight thousand acres of land in Comal county, which cost me from forty cents to one dollar per acre. You can judge from this, should my sheep continue to thrive, whether Northern 001-growers can compete with me. Yesterday morning my sheep were all looking well and thrifty. If I can get through the coming five weeks of winter, without a severe storm. I shall hardly lose an animal, old or young. I brought down yesterday a wether, (half Mexi can,) to eat. Finer grained, fatter, more tender, or juicy mutton you never saw, and never will until you come to Texas. My wethers are all fat, with two-thirds of the winter gone by. My estancia is thirty-five miles nearly west from New Braunfels, and twenty-five nearly north of San Antonio. By looking at a map yon can e«e the location. To transport our wool to Indianola, our shipping port, costs us seventy five cents per hundred With such suc cess as I have had the two past years, the profits of sheep-raising in this part of Western Texas, may safely be set down at seventy-five per cent, per annum. But I cannot say that such good luck will continue; to use a common saying, “it will be almost too much of a good thing,’’ My house is four miles from New Braunfels. As yet I have not built at my estancia, but I make a weekly trip there—tlurty miles distant. There is one gap of eight miles in the way. without a house, and another of twelve miles; but I do not find the road lonesome, as there are plenty of deer, turkeys, and other game. George Wilkins Kendall. I will say that Mr. Kendall’s want of success the first three years, was owing mainly to the carelessness of a Mexican slieperd. At one time he lost between four and five hundred sheep, by being burned in a fire on the prairie. Mr. K. also gives the following statement of the profits to be expected by wool-growing in Texas; Cost of 1.000 American ewea*»t $2.50 $2,500 60 Cost of 15 Merino bucks SSO 750 00 Total capital invested $3,250 00 Interest on above at 10 per cent SBBS 00 Cost of hiring and boarding shepherd 275 00 Cost of salting the sheep 50 00 Expenses at shearing time, Ac 50 00 Total cost of keeping, Ac S7OO 00 Valne of 2,000 lbs. wool from ewes, (20 cts.)... S4OO 00 Value of 150 lbs. wool from bucks, (80 cts.)... 45 00 Increase in the flock, (700 lambs, at $3 00.)... 2,100 00 Total receipts $2,545 00 Deduct cost of keeping 700 00 And wc have a clear profit of $1,345 00 This is a tolerably fair business. Mr. K. says lie has raised nearer 900 than 700 lambs from 1,000 ewes; also that his ewes shear more than j two pounds each. I also append a tabular statement, as furnished me by my brother. He purchased liis ewes near Springfield, Illinois, and they are a mixture of ! French and Spanish Merino blood, costing $3.00 each: Cost of 1,000 ewes at $3.00 each $3,000 00 Cost of 15 bucks at SSO each 750 00 Cost of driving to Texas 250 00 Total capital invested $4,000 00 Interest on the above. 10 per cent 1 S4OO 00 Cost of salting, shearing. Ac 100 00 i Cost of labor In moving pens 25 00 f Cost of keeping, (being his own shepherd,) $525 00 : Valne of 8.000 lbs. wool from ewes. (25 ct 5.,)... $750 00 ! Value of 150 lbs. wool from bucks. (25 ct 5..)... 87 50 Value of 700 lambs at $3.50 per head $2,450 00 Total receipts $8,237 50 ; Deduct eost of keeping 525 00 j Leaving a profit of r $2,712 50 This estimate of the price of wool is very low ; he can sell for forty cents. Also, he says the estimated number of lambs is too low by 100; also, he lias refused the estimated price, (3.50,) for his iambs. lie was informed by the farmers living near the ferries on the Red river, that I 100,000 or more sheep had been driven from I Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri into Texas, j last fall, by people who were, or intended to be, I residents of Texas. lie has been a resident of Texas four years, and knows of no difficulty in wool-growing in any part of the State. Those : who have kept sheep have had such invariable ' success, that the demand for good fine-wooled sheep amounts almost to a mania. All the Mex ican sheep that can be obtained, have been driven across the Rio Grande, and Missouri has liter ally been drained. Hon. 11. S. Randall, of Cortland Village, N. Y., in a long and able series of letters to the Galveston News, recommends the Spanish Merino as the best breed of sheep for Texas. Mr. Ken dall. and also my brother, concur in saying that the French Merino is the best: saying that al though the French cost more at the North for keeping, yet at the South, keeping cannot be ta ken into consideration, and lieing larger framed, and having heavier fleeces, thej are the most profitable. They are also longer legged, and can be driven to and from the i>en easier and quicker. Kendall also says that the French ewes are bet ter mothers than tlx* Spanish. Perhaps a cross between the two may be better than either. A few nior« figures and I have done. Texas contains 175,594,560 aeres. Up to No vember Ist, 1857, there had been titled by Spain, Mexico, and the State government of Texas, 73,436,210 acres, leaving as public domain 102,- 158,350 acres. It thus appears that there are open to settlement by emigrants and others, about 100,000,000 acres of land. The price fixed by the State is from fifty cents to one dol lar per acre, according to quality. Climate, ease of keeping stock, and price of land being taken into consideration, I know of no opening so good for young, enterprising, Northern farmers, with but limited capital, as the beautiful and bound less prairies and groves of Texas. D. A. *A. Nichols.