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14 AGRICULTURAL. DANIEL LEE, N. D., Editor. SATURDAY .'. .JUNE 4,1559. OUR DEFECTIVE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE. “The talented editor of the South Countryman has written and published a thoughtful and in structive essay on “the low price of land at the j South—its cause and remedy;” some parts of which we copy, and commend as worthy of care ful consideration. He says: Our crops are not only very exhausting, but they require an amount of labor not known else where. Our farmers and planters generally hold large tracts of land. Much of this, as we have seen, is annually idle and unproductive. In the cultivation of that portion in use, we use less land and more labor, perhaps, than any other intelligent population whatever. The average of labor (steady labor) on a European farm in high culture, will, perhaps, not exceed two hands to the hundred acres. This will include pasture, meadow and plowed’land, but is all annually productive—that which is not plowed yielding a return, including interest and expenses, quite equal to that which is plowed. There is no dead capital in the case. In the Northern States of this country, the average of labor to the number of productive acres, is perhaps still less. It may be of interest to offer a few instances taken from the transac tions of the New York Agricultural Society, the details of Which were given under oath. These instances will show that at the South we have no practical idea of the amount of income which may be derived from a given number of acres of land with a small amount of labor. J. V. Grove's farm, 234 acres, of which 37 are woods. Gross sales $6,752 89: amount paid for labor, besides the farmer’s own labor, $526 15 — at the usual rate of wages, this woffld about pay three hands, yet there arc cash sales of nearly $7,000. J. Westfall’s farm, 202 acres. Gross sales $4,973 14. Paid for labor, $663. This includes the labor of the farmer at S2O per month, and all the labor expended in improvements, manur ing, 4c. W. Holmes’ fa™. 185 acres. Gross receipts, $6,720. *Paid for labor, $650, including labor of the farmer—equal to between three and four hands. L. D. Clift's farm, 160 acres. Gross sales, $6,344, Two regular hands, including extra help, paid for labor, $495. R. J. Swan’s farm, 325 acre.*. Gross sales. $10,771. Paid for labor, S9OO. We cannot forbear giving another instance originally published in the Valley Farmer, of the farm of a Mr. Gentry, of Missouri. The in stances previously given are on a small scale. This is on a large, and on this account may be inose instructive to our large planters. This farm consists of 3,500 acres under fence, and mostly in divisions of forty acres; 1,400 acres in blue grass, 700 in clover and timothy meadow, 360 in com, 160 in oats, 20 acres in millet, and the rest in woods posture. There are 30 miles of fence, mostly rails. The farm force consists of twelvo grown hands and six boys. Gross receipts from the farm $27,000. This return gives an annual gross income of eight dollars from every acre, including woods—it gives SISOO to each hand, man and boy, and allows about 200 acres to each hand.” It is difficult for a cultivator of the soil, who has not studied agriculture as a profession, to understand how a farmer can make from a thousand to fifteen hundred dollars a year from the labor of each hand employed. It is only quite recently that this high skill in rural affairs has been acquired in this, or. in any other coun try. Before many months, all the elements of this art will be made perfectly plain to every adult reader of this journal But as we wish to make the record in the Southern Field historical, as well as authentic, we desire to point out the progress attained by a few in New York in the last sixteen years, as an encouragement to our Southern friends. All should remember that history is philosophy teaching by example. In the third volume of the Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, bearing date 1843, there are statements from whic(i we copy a few statistics taken from the State and United States Census: “ The number of acres of land charged with taxes in 1842 was 27,176,934, valued at $504,254,029. According to the State census of 1825, the number of acres under cul tivation was at that time 7,160,967. The same authority in 1835 gives 9,655,426 acres.” The census of the United States Government in 1840 does not give the acres of improved land in any State. They were estimated in 1843, in New York, at 11,000,000; and as the number em ployed in agriculture in 1840 -was 455,954 la borers, they were estimated at 500,000 in 1843. These figures (which are reliable) give at that date just twenty-two acres of improved land, (wliicli includes both meadows and pastures,) to each field hand; and at the same time there was a laborer to every 57J acres of taxed land in the State. A valuation of the agricultural products of New York was made by the writer in a re port to the Legislature, drawn from official so4*pes, which proved that seven dollars per acre of tlievjmproved land was the average of the whole Sratig. The average product to each la borer in was $154. Since 1843, improvements in farm econ omy have been h>wle by some tliousands of farmers in that large ; but their numbers are few as cdw,red with its wholo rural population. The ceiling of 1855 proves this beyond a reasonable doufiy Their two most important crops, hay and compere less per acre than in 1845; nor is it possmL for a few very superior husbandmen to bring uphGje aver age of the whole State, so long as theWsses pursue the down hill course of cultivationSyA few days ago we were in the office of the Cultivator, whose senior editor and publisher has 1 been at his desk thirty years toiling for the ad vancement of American agriculture. While Mr. Tucker rejoiced at the remarkable progress made by some, he said, in substance, that he had become a convert to the views so early incul cated by the writer to the effect, that American soil is everywhere being impoverished on this continent. The land is plundered, not treated in a friendly spirit. Tillage is made a system of Tmm SOTTEHEM MMB YXBHXDS'. j warfare, as when a hostile army is quartered on an enemy, and delights to eat out his substance. Planters and farmers become, in some degree, migrator)' like a swarm of locusts, w hich cannot i remain long in one place without starving.— What is the remedy ? There is no remedy save an increase of thought, an increase of knowledge, and an increase of true wisdom, in the commu nity at large. The five premium farms in New York, referred toby the South Countryman , contain 1106 acres, including woodland as well as that under im provement; and the. aggregate annual products sold therefrom amount to $35,560. The cost of all the labor expended thereon is $3,444. In 1 what way do every hundred dollars of farm work operate to yield over one thousand dollars in marketable crops, without impoverishing the | soil? Improved live stock, kept on rich peren nial grasses that grow from year to year without reseeding, plowing, planting, or hoeing, which stock is sold at high prices, form a prominent feature in the husbandry of the best managed farms. l T ntil quite recently a farmer might pur- j chase twenty fine young brood mares for $2,000, and a superior male Os the Morgan stock for j SI,OOO more. These breeding animals would pay for their keeping in light work on the farm; and subsisting on pastures in spring, summer j and autumn, and cutting their own hay by the j use of mowing machines, for winter consump tion, the labor of man required to superintend j them is reduced to a mere trifle. Yet twenty i fine young horses to be sent to market every j year, so soon as the first colts become four or j | five years eld, will produce an income of some j ' three thousand dollars from this kind of stock j alone. The parentage of “Blackliawk” was j j nothing extraordinary, although he brought to | his owner from the sale of his blood, over fotty thousand dollars before he died, "Hubback," I i the progenitor of the best Short-hems that Eng land has produced, “ was a chance calf belong- j ing to a poor man who grayed his cow on the j sides of the highway.” Prof. Low, of the Uni versity of Edinburgh, in his admirable treatise on ; the “ Domesticated Animals of the British Is lands,” page 382, says “he is generally regard ed as the father of the improved Short-horns." Poor Mr. Waistel's street calf lived to make ample fortunes for the brothers Robert ami Charles Colling, and give them an imperisha ble fame as the most successful improvers of neat cattle that the world has ever produced. Mr. JONAS Webb has at this time a few male sheep that let for over twelve thousand dollars a year. His income from this source has been in creasing for twenty years. He has hired out a single sheep for twelve hundred dollars a season. “ Blood ”is a costly commodity in England; and it is by no means cheap in this country, as will be shown hereafter. Some may fail to see the connection between the improvement of live stock and the improve ment of farming lands; yet they are almost in separably blended. Good keeping the year round implies the production of much rich ma nure, as well as of superior domestic animals. It implies rich wheat and corn fields, as well as excellent pastures and meadows. It makes both vegetable and animal vitality do their best for the farmer with the minimum of human labor. The skillful husbandman subdues Nature, and makes her his servant, by simply studying and obeying her laws. Nature gives him not two blades of grass where one grew before, as in the days of Cato and Cincinnati’s, but luxuriant herbage on every square yard of a thousand acres, where only briars, thorns and sedge were seen before. THE GUANO TRADE OF PERU. The government of Peru sold, from Chinclia Islands, in the year 1858, guano to the amount of 266,709 tons. At the ports of Europe and America, where it was delivered, it brought about fifteen million dollars; and, deducting three million for freight, leaves the government and its agents an income of twelve million from the sale of this extraordinary manure. The av erage freight last year was eleven dollars a ton; it is now ten dollars or less. At one time freight ran up to thirty dollars a ton. The Lima Comescia gives the amount of guato shipped in 1858, as follows: NO. or BIIIP9. TONS OF OCA NO. England and the Continent 190 151,838 8 [Kiln 37 27.100 France 45 25,515 Australia 8 1,528 Ilarbadoes 6 2,807 United States 52 51,253 Mauritius 13 7,22 S Total 840 266,709 At sixty dollars a ton, which is less than the average cost of this guano to American farmers, they have paid $3,075,180 for the article con sumed last j-ear. Inferior guano, from other places, probably cost them as much more. These special fertilizers are far from being perfect ma nures ; although, under a wise system of farm management, they will contribute largely-to the resources of the cultivator. A fair portion of the plants grown by the aid of guano should always be given to the soil, to increase its vege table mould and soluble mineral elements of fer tility; otherwise, tillage and severe cropping, notwithstanding the use of guano, will in time consume the mould or organic part of the soil, and remove its soluble silica, lime, magnesia, potasli, soda and chlorine, to the serious detri ment of the ground for agricultural purposes. Good stock manure supplies the materials to Vrn rich mould and the soluble minerals above and atbjjlaces. All agricultural plants decaying on the eaHb yield precisely the same substances to enrich tls* land as stable manure. Hence, perennial grass** grow for ages on commons and prairies withos% impoverishing the soil, no matter whether anin%la' consume the herbage and leave their dropping* on the land, or the grass rots where it grows. the study of GRASSES-NO. 1. Os the thirty-four species of grasses analyzed ! by Professor Wat, for the Royal Agricultural Society of England, with a view to determine their nutritive and fattening go-op, rties, we select a few of the most valuable for examination and critical remarks. Whether regarded as food for domestic animals, or as food forcultivated crops, in the form of manure, other things being equal, that grass is best which yields the most flesh forming elements. If the reader will run his eye over the second column o! figures in the table below, indicating the amount of albuminous mat ter. or flesh-forming, principles in different grass es, lie will see that orchard grass, ( Dactylis ylo merata,) has of these substances something over one per cent, more than any other. By a singu lar coincidence, it so happens that this plant, so nutritious to all live stock, and so strengthening to working animals, is found by long experience, of all English grasses, the best adapted to the climate and soil of the Southern States. It is the seed of this grass, grown on Southern soil, 1 and long acclimated, that the writer has ob | tained for gratuitous distribution among the subscribers and patrons of the Field and Fire l side. Mr. George Sinclair, who made the celebra : ted Woburn experiments near the close of the ; last century, says: “If one species only is ; thought preferable to another in the alternate j husbandry, that species is the Dactylis glomerata, from its more numerous merits. We have highly j productive meadows composed principally of this j grass in the light sandy 'oils hi the county of | Norfolk. They were kept very closely cropped ; by sheep, and for two or three first years would j yield more nutritious lieriage, taking the whole I year round, than any ether grass.” Loudon I says: “It has been found highly useful as an early sheep feed. It is early, hardy and pro • duetive, and requires even greater attention than rye grass to being cut soon or fed close." In ; the cool climate, moist atmosphere, and rich soils | of England, it grows too rank and coarse, unless fed closely, or often moved. Lewis Sanders, Esq., of Grass Hills' Kentucky, says, in a letter published in the Albany Cultivator for March, 1853, "My experience in cultivating it warrants me in recommending orchard grass in preference to any other, either for pastures or for hay.” In a paper on this subject, published in the Louis ville Democrat , he gives “the results of more than thirty years experience with different kinds of grass;” and as before cited, he recommends orchard grass as superior to the famous Ken tucky Blue grass. We will give his directions for sowing seed, and saving it, hereafter. COMMON NAME OF PLANT; AND BOTANICAL NAME. Timothy, (P/tleum praiense). Orchard irrass, ( Dactylis glomerata) Rye grass, (Lolium perennt) Meadow Foxtail, (Alopecurus pratensis) Kentucky Blue grass (Poa pratensis) Rough Meadow grass, (Poa tririalis) Sweet scented Vernal grass (Anthoranthum odoralum). Downy Oat grass. (Arena pubescent)...’ Hard Fescue grass, (Festuca dusiuscuhi ) Soft Meadow grass, (Holms lamitus) Italian Rye grass, (Lolium italicum ) PER CENT AGE OF DRY MATTER IN THE GRASSES. • __ 2 K Z « fi S A % £ 8 «.2 •§ a ® _• sQcOAt *—i P 8 J « 43 fe l t S* • s “I |g il I I I Ji 3 > a a es 5 S ■ o a $ *3*3 3X . * b s* §e * *f ® * £<2 § 8 j -8 .1 1 6s S _j? -7 E— -57.21 11.36 8.55 58.85.26.46 5.29 Jnne 18 70.00 18.58 3.14 44.82 83.70 5.81 dune 18 71.48 11.85 8.17 42.24 85.20 7.54 June S 90.20 12.82 2.92 43.12 88. S 3 7.81 June 1 67.14 10.85 2.68 43.06 88.02 5.94 June 11 73.60 O.SO 8.07 40.17 88.08 B.SB Juno 18 80.85 10.43 8.41 43.48 36.36 6.82 May 25 61.50 7.97 2.89 49.78 84.64 5.22 June 11 68.83 12.10 8.34 40.43 88.71 5.42 JniiuJO 69.70 11.52 8.56 89.25 89.30 6.87 *nP29 75.61 10.00 8.27 57.82 19.76 9.05 June 18 In the fifth volume of the Genesee Farmer, page 245, may lie found a statement to the fol lowing effect: A farmer had a young orchard seeded in orchard gtass, from an acre and a quarter of which he gathered seventeen bushels of seed and sold it at $2 per bushel, bringing him $34. Four thousand pounds of hay, ob tained from the same ground, sold at fifty cents per hundred lbs, and brought S2O. A second crop of 3,000 lbs. of hay was cut and sold for sls. The whole product in one year, $69. this is a perennial plant, and the land was per manently in meadow, no plowing, seeding or hoeing was necessary; and the’whole cost of the labor which produced the $69 worth of crops was pnly six dollars. This leaves sixty-three dollars; and if we deduct sl3 for manure to feed the soil as it ought to be where the crops are sold off the farm, there is left fifty dollars clear profit on one acre and a quarter of grass land—selling hay at fifty cents per hundred lbs. and excellent grass seed at two dollars a bushel While examining the agricultural operations practiced in Virginia, a farmer of high character took the writer over a meadow some twenty years in orchard grass, from some acres of which the product per acre had exceeded, in seed and hay, one hundred dollars a year. We have rea son to believe that two-thirds of all the seed of this grass in the country is grown in Maryland, Virginia and Kentucky. Two weeks ago when in New York, we found that orchard grass seed was selling there at twice its cost in Louisville, Kentucky, Washington and Alexandria—show ing that this staple in American stock husbandry is mainly grown South, and sent North to find ] a market. The writer wishes to see its cultiva tion extend still farther South, and witness the i production among us of many good horses, i mules, neat cattle, sheep and hogs. We greatly need more and better live stock, more and better manure to recuperate our old fields. There is not one of the eleven English grasses above named, and satisfactorily analyzed, that does not promise a profitable return, if wisely cultivated in upper Georgia. The poorest in the lot is the Downey Oat Grass, (Avena pubescens) ; nor is the Tall Oat Grass, (Avena etatior,) (“ wild oat grass” of some) any better. Nevertheless, all these domesticated and cultivated grasses are really more nutritious than wild plants belonging to the same great family. We have tried both kinds faithfully, and are satisfied that nothing but poor stock can lie raised on guinea grass, broomsedge, wild cane, broom-corn or sorgum; and that if we wisli to have horses, cattle, sheep and swine equal to the best ever imported from Great Britain, we must grow the forage plants adapted by nature to the development of these animals. The Meadow Foxtail, (Abpecurus pratensis) yields the next largest quantity of flesh-forming elements after orchard grass. llaniiam, in his valuable work on the British grasses with natu ral illustrations, speaks of the meadow foxtail as “ one of the best of meadow grasses, posses sing the three great requisites of quantity, qual ity and earliness, in a superior degree to any other.” In England, “it is often fit for the scythe by the middle of May; it flowers twice in a year, and gives more bulk and weight of hay than any other grass.” We might cite additional authority to the same effect; but it is deemed unnecessary. An insect like the wheat midge destroys much of the seed of this grass, and it is difficult to obtain it in this country. We have sent to England for a quan tity, if not extravagantly high. The plant is a very hardy perennial, and might grow all winter at the South, the genus Alopecurus belongs to the Agrestis tribe; and some of the species are nearly worthless. The.one under consideration is even more valuable for grazing purposes than for hay. It often Ik-comes too rank from an ex cess of growth before cattle arc turned in to eat it down in the spring of the year. It will yield two crops of hay in a season. — USEFUL RECIPES. To remove lice on cabbages, nothing, perhaps, is better than to pour over them cool soap suds, from a watering pot or otherwise, once a week, or as often as washing is done for the family. This practice will not only destroy lice, (the aphis) but will greatly promote their growth. * * Blue Hydrangeas are obtained by mixing the pulverised iron scales that fly off from bars of heated iron in a blacksmith’s shop, with the earth in a pot that contains hydrangeas. The first oxide of iron colors the blossoms blue. Cure for Sweney.—l ounce laudanum; I do. camphor; 1 do. spirits of hartshorn; 1 do. spirits of turpentine; 1 do. eastile soap; 3 ounces alco hol ; 1 gill sweet oil Put the above ingredients in a suitable bottle with a good cork, and rub • the part affected twice a day for a week or more, and a cure, will generally be attained. Banking up earth around pear and apple trees will keep mice from gnawing them. How to raise Cranberries from Seed. — Many readers of the'Field and Fireside may de sire to raise their own cranberries. If so, let them select the largest berries to be had, mash them in water, pour off the latter with the pulp, and the seed will be found at the bottom of the vessel. Plant in pure §and. Water every third day, and in a few days the plants will appear, coming up like a bean, bringing the seeds witli them. As soon as they attain some size, they should he set out in low, moist ground, and cultivated to keep down grass and weeds. The Cheapest and best Phosphates. —The lqto Mr. Pusey, President of the Royal Agricul tural Society of England, published experiments proving that bones fermented in a decaying manure heap become sufficiently soluble for ag ricultural purposes, and thus enable the farmer to avoid the great expense attending the pur chase of sulphuric acid in the manufacture of superphosphate of lime. How to Feed Sulphur to Cattle. —Mix one pound of sulphur with six pounds' of salt, and place the mixture in a box where the cattle can have access to it. The box should be under shelter, so as not to be dissolved by rain and dew. Mr. Asa Bailey says, in the Albany Cul tivator, that he lias used this compound of salt and sulphur twenty years, and has not had a louse nor a tick on his cattle in that length of time. To Make Cracker Pie. —To a common sized bake-tin eight crackers, to be broken fine, one teaspoonful of tartaric acid, one teacup of sugar, witli water sufficient to wot the whole—say half a pint or a little more—with spice to suit the taste. This forms a pie equal to, if not better than apples. The Army Worm. —The Chattanooga Gazette says, we regret to learn that this destructive plague lias already made its appearance in this county, and is making sad havoc in the wheat fields and meadows. We are informed of its ap pearance on several farms and in the wheat fields, entirely stripping the stalks, and destroy ing the crops. Some fine meadows have been mowed down close to the gfound, scarcely leav ing a sign that grass had grown on the land- The littlo destroj’ers are increasing in numbers and migrating from farm to farm. Mice and Rats.— Mr. Glenny says: Mice and rats are very easily destroyed, if we set about it m earnest Get live plaster of Paris and flour, mix them dry in equal quantities, lay it in dry places, and sprinkle a little sugar amongst it. Both rats and mice eat ravenously, the plaster sets firm directly after it is moistened, becomes a lump inside them, and kills to a certainty. ANALYSES OF COTTON SOILS AND COTTON PLANTS. / The Commissioner of Patents has employed A Dr. Jacksox, of Boston, to analyze soils known C to be well adapted to Sea Island or long-staple Ife, cotton, and also the an account of which appears in the Patent Office Report for 1857. These analyses throw no light on the question: Jj why does the long staple cotton refuse to grow y far in the interior from the ocean, as well as the 1 short staple ? The ash of the former contains no more common salt than that of the latter yA plant. Dr. Jacksox remarks: “It seems prob able that atmospheric influences on the humid c\ seabord favor the growth of the long-stapled cot- A tons; and that the saline matters in the soil do not produce the differences by their absorption ( into the plants.” A A thousand grains of the soil from St. Simon’s b Island, in this State, gave to boiling distilled wa- V ter 1 3-5 grains of soluble matter, 1 1-10 grains of which consist of organic matter, and half a grain of mineral salts, consisting of common salt, « phosphates of lime and soda, sulphates of soda, S potash and magnesia, and carbonate of lime, A which was originally a c-renate of lime. A boil- C ing solution of carbonate of ammonia extracted * k 3 3-5 grains of solid matter, from I,QOO grains Y of soil. „ c\ A full analysis of this soil gave the following A results: ™ Silica 92.640 per cent ( time 1.500 “ “ A Magnesia 0.870 “ “ ( Potash i.OOO “ *• o Soda 0.500 “ “ k Peroxide of iron and magnesia 1.500 “ “ y Phosphoric acid O.MO “ “ Sulphuric acid 0.009 “ “ <\ Chlorine •. 0.010 “ **' j t'renic, ajwcrcnic and humid acids... 0.860 “ “ J? Insoluble carbonaceous matter 2.400 “ “ A^ Carbonic acid trace. The stalk of the long staple,, plant, stripped of A its leaves and bolls, and burnt, yielded 107 grains £ of ashes per 1,000 of the dry stalk. The leaves burnt left 107$ grains; and the cotton fibre 13 grains to 1,000. One thousand grains of the seeds, when burnt, yielded 3 3-5 grams of ashes. $ These facts indicate considerable value in the' x. leaves and stalks of this plant for the fertiliza- 1 tion of the soil. All cotton is known to be a rich manure. Twenty-five grains of the ashes v~ from the stalks gave: y Silica 0.600 grains. A, Carbonic acid 6.000 “ , Chlorine 0.170 “ A Sulphuric acid 0.480 “ T* Phosphoric acid 3.967 “ S I.ime 7.059 “ / Magnesia 0.188 “ A Potash ..8.802 u f Soda 1.744 “ b 24.085 * W Loss • 0.966 [ 25.000 j The above figures show that salts of lime and $ potash form most of the ash or earthy part of / the stems of Sea Island cotton plant. A Twenty-five groins of the ash of its leaves f yielded: . Ik Silica 1.200 grains. Carbonic acid 4.959 “ A Chlorine 0.667 “ Sulphuric acid 1.271 “ A Phosphoric acid „ 4.864 “ y I.imc 6.978 u V Mttgnoaia 0.350 “ / Potash 2 922 “ J *oda... 1.789 “ > 25.000 V One thousand grains of cotton fibre gave 13.1 grains of ashes, which yielded: <\ Silica- 0.60 grains. A Carbonic acid 2.80 " c Chlorine !o!sO “ k Sulplmric acid 'o]s4 “ ( Phosphoric acid L 64 “ A Lime ,1-go “ > Magnesia ; 0.64 “ b Potash 2.79 “ k, 18.10 f\ One thousand glams of the seeds yielded A 36 3-5 grains of ashes, which consist of: V. Silica 0.1000 grains, / Carbonic acid (diff.) 0.8604 “ A Chlorine 0,8940 “ / Sulphurie acid 0.0980 “ b Phosphoric acid 11.8618 “ k Lime 1,7484 “ y Magnesia 6.0888 “ ( Potash 13.3566 “ <\ Soda • 8.1070 “ . j 86.6000 The bases soda, potash, lime and magnesia. ( appear to be in excess; as they form 24.2958 A parts in 36.6000 of the ash analyzed. Phos- o phoric acid and potash are the most abundant k and expensive constituents in the earthy part of / nearly all seeds of cereals, as well as cotton plants. LIVE AND DEAD WEIGHT OF HOGS. ' ( Hr. E. Cornell, of Ithaca, N. Y., furnishes A the Country Gentleman the live and dead weight b of four large hogs, which were as follows: Live weight 3,100 pounds; weight when dressed f 2,643. In other words, 100 pounds of live *, weight gave a fraction over 85 pounds dressed. 4 This is considerably more than an average.— S Common well fatted hogs yield about 80 per I cent, of marketable meat, including head and ( feet; leaving 20 for offal, blood and hair sepa- v rated in killing and dressing. Mr. Cornell is one of the most enterprising <\ stock-growers in the United States, and believes A it profitable to keep a fine Durham or Devon to the acre of improved land, up to the number of ( one hundred head. A WHEAT AS FOOD FOB CATTLE - k John Hudson, Esq., of Castle Acre, England, y says: “ The very low price of wheat has induced <\ us to feed our cattle on wheat on a large scale, A it being cheaper than linseed cake. I never re- A member so a quantity of wheat consumed / by cattle as there has been this season, and a A great deal is being made into malt instead of £ barley.” The etjjtor of the Geneeet Farmer , who is himself an Englishman, says that Mr. Hudson is one of the best farmers in England, who re gards wheat at $1 25 a bushol as less profitable M than other crops, stock-growing and feeding. ) Rosin.—The New Orleans Chamber of Com- A merce is in correspondence with similar bodies o in London, Liverpool, and the United States, to agree on the proper weight of a barrel of rosin