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[Written for the Southern Field and Fireside.] OUR KOBE OF MAKING AND APPLYING HA. NUKES. Messrs. Editors : Woof the seaboard on our light sea island hammock lands, are surprised to see wliat a heavy outlay our planting friends of Hancock (some of whom I had the pleasure of forming a social and agreeable ac quantance with, in the legislature, during our trying State's rights times in the administra tions of our illustrious and patriotic Troup and Gilmer,) are expending in manuring their light lands; and the large crops they plant, of thirty six acres to the hand, horse, and plow, which re quires to be worked, at least, every ten or twelve days, to keep it dear of grass, if their land is as grassy as ours, and hard work at that. Here, from seven to ten acres are considered excessive planting; although we plant that quantity at our several places, to the hand and plow, and keep it in beautiful order; while our neighbors plant only five or six acres to the hand, and keep it in no better order. You are aware, gentlemen, that the Altama ha meanders its tortuous course from Darien, through a vast delta of nish and marsh of the genus juncus, which forms its southern branch, disembogueing into the Atlantic between the islands of St. Simon on the North, and Jekyl to the South ; shutting in and sheltering the beau tiful, spacious, and salubrious harbor of Bruns wick, where a fleet of thirty-six Spanish armed vessels, entered and landed on St. Simon’s “some five thousand veteran troops of Spain, under Don Arredondo, and Don Antonio,” to ex tirpate our illustrious founder, General Ogle thorpe ; and annex our beloved Georgia to the grasping, aspiring, haughty, diadem of Hesperia; but God, in His wisdom and mercy, decreed it otherwise, that we should ever be under a big oted, superstitious, despotic Roman Catholic oli garchy. With a feeble, and inadequate regi ment of only about seven hundred militia, regu lars, Chickasaw and Yemassee warriors, undis ciplined, and unpracticed in the strategy of war, after several days hard scrub-fighting, he forced the haughty sons and Hidalgos to effect an in glorious and precipitate retreat (or rather flight,) on board their formidable fleet, which as hastily made all sail, bidding a long, a last adieu, to the vain chimera of conquering our noble State — more fabulous and absurd than the storied mon sters said to have been bred in the mountains of Lycia, or the Knight of LaManclia’s wind-mill achievement —scattering over one of my fields, as a memento of their unskillfulness in gunnery and projectiles, a number of bombshells, not one of which ever struck Oglethorpe’s barracks of Tal by, now partly standing, and plowed up unex ploded in some instances, every time the field is plowed; for, walking over it a few days ago, with a friend from Vicksburg, we picked up sev eral fragments of bombshells. This delta of rush and marsh has a substra ta of blue clay in some localities, and is the most productive land on the coast; but its liability to submergence from hurricanes, restricts its im provement and profitable cultivation to the flag marshes, more remote from the coast, where it is said a bale of cotton lias been made to the acre, of fine sea islands, and seven bales to the hand. We will embank, in time, a large body of this land, and risk the hurricanes. We mow this rush and marsh with a short stubble scythe, at the rate of from six to nine cords per day to the hand, and will soon use a small reaper. This rush and marsh is thrown with a manure fork, into a long, open, slat-bodied cart, drawn by a yoke of oxen, along the corded ricks, each holding about one cord; while others less favorably situated, cut and convey it in flats to their pens, where it is spread thick, and lime, mud, cotton seed, leaves, and weeds are spread over in alternate layers, forming a mass of rich, well-rotted manure, several feet deep, trodden by cattle, horses, oxen, and hogs, in their different pens. When required for the field, the whole mass is cut through and carried out by carts and oxen, and tilted over in track lines all over the field, when a double mould plow runs a deep furrow in the ally, which is filled up with this compost, and a bedding plow follows and covers it, to keep the fertilizing gasses from evaporation; and the cotton planted about two feet from hill to hill, to be thinned carefully to one aud two stalks, or plants, according to the strength of the land— some, only one and a half feet apart. For corn, it is applied in deep chops, filled with manure, covered lightly, and the corn planted on it, the land being flush plowed, and check off from three to five feet. In this way we make and apply all of our manure, which does not cost one cent in cash , and is done in leisure time. Now our cotton is breast and waist high, as it does not grow very high, and loaded with forms, blooms, and bolls, since June; and I have counted thirteen full ears of corn on a hill, of Peabody’s prolific corn; as you know the pe culiar characteristic of this corn is to succor in bunches as prolific as the original stalk. This system of manuring should ultimately renovate our old lands, and render them more productive than new, which are inclined to pro duce bush and blue cotton for some years, as the rust* is evidently generated by strata of iron pyrites; wherever upheaved too near the surface every thing planted in such soils invariably takes the rust. Marsh, compost of mud, lime, suds, leaves, and all sorts of vegetables and succulent weeds may correct it, by raising and drying, sucking up the redundant fluids in our sobby soil, diffusing accumulating vigor, life, and production through the whole pliocene strata by its gradual decay. We have used, this season, Maynard’s norso Hoe, or Cultivator, from Sinclair A Co., Balti more ; with an improvement by my son, of a curved blade to sweep the sides of the beds, as it shaves off every spear of grass from the ally and sides, pulverizing the soil, leaving it so mel low, a hand can sido up and hoe the top only at the rate of from four to six tasks a day. As it is the first I ever saw, a description and plan of which you will find in the American' Farmer for June, and the 20th page of Sinclair A Co’s, Pic torial catalogue, I send you a rough sketch I had added in a letter, as you may uot have it, and may see my son’s improvement. This plow would boa most efficient auxiliary to the light lands of our country, one horse go ing over several acres per day, and doing it cleaner than any plow I ever tried, and leaves the soil most beautifully pulverized and leveled, without removing or exhausting it. *1 have concluded to write my note on Rust more dis tinctly : Streams of lightning often descend in open fields, with no visible attraction but these deposits of iron py rites ; nuggets of which are thrown on the surface, it is conjectured, by eleetricitv, specimens of which I can send you for analysis, ns it may underlay soils where wheat is so fatally affected by rust —not a parasitic fun gus. occasioned by Euredo and other Insccta. as somo suppose—and infght be corrected by our stimulative compost, to which is added quantities of Datura Stra monium (limron weed) and I’hytolaccn decnndrla (Poke weed) of themselves potent correctives of rusty or acid soils, and |>ermanent pabulum of plants. Ilow pyrites, iron ore. or what not. is generated in our silicions soil, is a mystery, and a remedy for their deleterious effects on vegetation would be a blessing. This Is our theory. Whatis yours? As a remedy for rust in cotton, wheat, and other cereals, is of vast importance to the southern and western planters. T»K SOtfXKXRK FXSCtJO AMD RIKESIJOJ6. I make, too, my own poudrette manure for the garden, and this season it has produced cab bages two and a half feet across, and the largest and most abundant crop of potatoes I ever had. The recent rains which we were suffering for the want of, have made us all busy getting in our extra crop of slips and peas, so that a southern planter should always make his bread with three provision crops, and wheat, too ; and yet, there are man}- farmers withdht it; because they will not manure and work their land to ad vantage, but let it get choked with grass, from which the most favorable seasons cannot rescue it. Unless sustained by manure in light lands for corn, potatoes, peas, and wheat, starvation will fly to out worn Europe! Yours respectfully, A Planter. St. Simons, July, ’59 WASTEFUL* FAEMEEs' Perhaps in nothing are farmers more waste ful than in the management, or rather want of management, in their manure. Should one have his granary robbed every week or so of fifteen or twenty dollars worth of grain, he would make a great fuss about it, and probably offer a liberal reward for the detection of the thief; yet this same man will allow his manure to lie spread over his cattle yard, exposed to the bleaching rains of spring which frequently carry more than the above amount of the elements of crops con tained in his manure forever beyond his reach —and he allows this waste to occur year after year, as if it was no sort of consequence to him. If this practice was true only of the owners of prairie soil, the case would be different; but it is to bo seen in parts of the country where manure is most needed, yea, where its preservation and economy in its use are of the utmost Importance to the success of the farmer. Farmers have been told of this thing so often through our agricultu ral press, that oue would think it no longer to bo reiterated. Why is this? Has the subject become to them such a hackneyed one that they no longer give attention to it, or do they mostly belong to the class who take no paper devoted to the interests of their calling? The voice of the agricultural press has for a half a century been raised against this waste of manure, as well as against the skinning process of cultiva tion so universally practiced in many parts of our country. Their empty barns and granaries should appeal to them in away not to be mis understood! Their fields, so barren looking, all overrun with sorrel, should reprove them for such dereliction of a duty they owe to their children and to their country, as well as to themselves! But farmers waste also in the ap plication of manure—putting it on ground which needs draining, when half the value of the ma nure expended in draining would produce almost infinitely better results. Again, they will lavish it on the fields already rich, while they have others suffering for want of it. But it seems impossible almost to change the course of many, however prejudicial to their interests that course may be—and the Country Gentleman . together with our agricultural press generally, will still need to reiterate the oft repeated injunction, Farmers, save your manure!—J. W. Fowler, in Co. Gent. ON LIQUID MANURES. BY AUGUSTUS VOELCKER. Condensedfrom the last Number of the Journal of Royal Agricultural Society of England. Liquid manure, it need hardly be observed, may be produced in a variety of ways. It may consist chiefly of the fermented urine of horses, or cows, or pigs, or a mixture of them all; or it may lie produced by converting the solid and liquid excrementitious matters of our domestic animals into a muddy liquid ; and in this pro cess of liquifying the solid excrements, and pre paring them for distribution on the land, much or little water may bo used. These and several other circumstances must, of course, affect the composition of liquid manure, and with it its fer tilizing value. Experience has shown that liquid manure pro duces the most beneficial and most striking ef fects when applied to light, deep, sandy soils, resting upon a porous subsoil. However poor originally such a soil may be, after repeated ap plications of liquid manure it is rendered capa ble of yielding remunerative and even large crops. Witness, for instance, the almost sterile sands which abound in Flanders, and the astonishing change which it effects upon them. Provided the subsoil be well drained, or of a porous nature, it may be safely asserted that any sandy soil, however sterile in its natural state, may be made to yield heavy crops through the instrumentality of liquid manure. Indeed, the poorer the soil, the more striking would lie the result. For poor, sandy soils, the system of liquid manuring cannot be too highly recommended, for, I believe, that all other plans of applying fertiliz ing materials to them will be found far less ef ficacious in their results. If we examine into the chemical and physical characters of soils similar to those which abound in Flanders, we shall not bo long in discovering the causes of the astonishing success which has crowned the sys tem of liquid manuring in Belgium aud other countries. In order to render more intelligible the expla nation of the causes of the highly beneficial ef fects which liquid manure produces under these circumstances, I may be allowed to introduce here the composition of two sandy soils, which I have lately examined: Composition of two sandy soils from the neighlor hoodof Cirencester. NO I. NO. 11. Organic matter anil a little water of combination 5.86 4.82 Oxiile of Iron and alumina, 5.78 12.16 Carbonate of lime 25 .15 Potash, soda, and magnesia, 49 .46 Phosphoric acid, none faint trace Sulphuric acid trace trace Chloride trace trace Insoluble siliciou- matter (chiefly fine qnartz sand with but little clay,). .88.12 52.41 100.00 100.00 It will be observed that most soils abound in quartz sand, and are deficient in clay and lime. No. I, especially, is very sandy, and even poor er than No. 11, for I could not detect in it any phosphoric acid, and found in it less clav than in No. 11. On land of that description, corn roots or grass cannot possibly be grown with advantage without manure; for in these soils all the more important mineral constituents, which are re quired for sustaining a healthy and luxuriant vegetation, are either altogether absent, or are greatly deficient Thus, No. I contains no ap preciable quantity of phosphoric acid, and No. II mere traces. Again, it will be noticed that lime, which in larger or smaller quantities is contained in every kind of agricultural produce, occurs very sparingly in these soils, and that the per centage of potash and soda in both is far from what it ought to be, in order to meet the wants of growing plants. Taking potash, soda, and magnesia together, there is not quite a half per cent, in these soils, and probably the major part of this fractional per centage consists of magne sia. Sulphuric acid likewise is wanting in both soils. In short, both are poor soils, that require to be heavily manured before they can be made to yield a respectable crop, and that soon return to their natural sterile state when the usual dress ings of manure are withheld. Hungry soils, of such and similar composition, are grateful for almost any kind of manure, for as they arc greatly deficient in plant-food, ma nures that contain even small quantities of phos phoric acid or alkalies must produce a beneficial effect. The poorer the soil, the more striking will be the effect which the manure produces, and the more diluted may the latter be before it ceases to produce any visible effect. It can be shown (and experience informs us,) that liquid manure, in a concentrated state, would act injuriously upon the vegetation on most soils which are benefitted by liquid ma nure ; and that the more sterile and sandy the soil naturally is, the greater the necessity for di luting the manure. Under ordinary circumstances, it is the soil that furnishes to plants a considerable propor tion of the mineral matters, which are left be hind on reducing them to ashes. As a rule, the manure, in addition to the nitrogenised substances and other organic constituents, is required to supply, in preference, those mineral matters, which, like phosphoric acid or potash, are gene rally sparingly distributed through the soil. The natural resources of mineral plant-food vary greatly in quantity and in quality in different soils. In most, the more common fertilizing ma terials, such as lime and magnesia, sulphuric acid, silica, and even potash, are found in such abundance, that we need not care to replace them in the moasure in which they are carried off the land in the different crops of a rotation. There are a few soils upon which we can con tinue to grow paying crops of roots, clover, or com, without restoring in the shape of manure the more valuable minerals, such as phosphoric acid ; but where it is yet necessary to replace the nitrogenised food of plants, which, it appears, is diminished in a high degree by tlie growth of white crops. Upon land rich in available miner al matters, purely nitrogenised or ammoniacal manure may be used with far more safety, (and in many instances with true and permanent econo my.) than upon soils deficient in available miner al food. The injurious effects of an excess of ready formed ammonia and nitrogenised matters readily furnishing ammonia on decomposition, show themselves no where plainer than upon poor sandy soils. Daily experience tells us to use ammoniacal manures, but sparingly in such cases. Now, liquid manure, we have seen, al ways contains a considerable proportion ofnitro genized organic matters, rs well as ready-'ormed ammonia; but it is deficient in phosphoric acid and other mineral matters, which, under or dinary circumstances, are furnished to the plant by the soil. The liquid manure produced on a farm, when applied in a concentrated state, of course cannot penetrate the soil to any great depth, or, at any rate, cannot soak so deeply into the soil as it would, had it been previously dilut ed with three or four times its bulk of water.— There are many sandy soils in which lime, mag nesia, phosphoric acid, and other minerals occur, but in very small quantities. If such soils are manured with a too concentrated description of liquid manure, there will not be a sufficient quantity of mineral food in the soil and the ma nure to counterbalance the injurious effects which an overdose of purely niti-opcnised food is well khown to produce. Grass land, under such circumstances, will produce abundant, but rauk, innutritions, bad-keeping hay; wheat will give abundance of straw, but little and inferior com; swedes, turnips, apd other root crops will make rapid progress, and then become attacked by dis ease. For these reasons, it is necessary to dilute liquid manure largely, if we wish to put it on poor sandy soils. Diluted with much water it penetrates a larger mass of soil, and, so to speak, becomes moresaturated with the animal fertilizing matters that are wanted by the plant, and are so sparingly distributed throughout the soil. And this leads me to observe that liquid manure is particularly well adapted for porous,sandy soils, because it penetrates them when properly diluted doeply and uniformly, which is a great advan tage, since the porous nature of sand allows the roots of plants to penetrate the soil to a great depth, aud in every direction in search of food. In other words, sandy soils are excellent vehi cles for holding a diluted manure, in which the different constituents occur in an immediately available, or, so to say. cooked state. The porous, and often uniform physical char acter of such soils, moreover, causes great fluc tuations in the amount of moisture, and in dry and warm weather, they dry to a considerable depth, leaving a porous and friable surface ex posed to the action of the atmosphere. SEEDING DOWN PASTURE LAND. Seeding down lands for meadows is a very simple process. Pure timothy hay is generally preferred, especially for horses, and brings the highest price in market, though there are not a few who believe that orchard grass, combined with red clover, is equally nutritious, pound for pound, and will yield more per acre, while it af fords not only earlier pasture in spring, but more pasture in spring and autumn both, than pure timothy. For timothy meadow, on old land, the soil must be plowed deep, thoroughly harrowed, and well manured. Sow in autumn, on wheat or rye, or on the naked fallow. Brush in, and roll. A bushel of good seed is made, under dif ferent hands, to cover two, three, four, and even five acres. Our individual experience with tim othy has been small. We know good grass-far mers, however, who never sow less than two acres. Perhaps four acres to the bushel is an average seeding, but on land not rich, we should incline to think three acres to the bushel better. In forming orchard grass meadow, abundant experience has shown that two bushels of seed to the acre is a judicious quantity; and if upon this be sown four or five quarts of red clover seed, the product will be enhanced in both quan tity and quality. But it is with reference to seeding down pas ture lands that we propose to say something at this time. And the first word is, that this is a matter much less perfectly understood than the establishment of meadow's. Timothy alone, or timothy, red-top, and blue-grass, will make a permanent meadow', which will produce- heavy crops of good hay for many years, if well treated. So orchard grass and red clover, will make a good, permanent meadow, with reference to the product of which no reasonable man will have cause to complain, unless he feeds it off too close the first year, and suffers it to be abused subsequently. But for good, permanent pasture many grasses are wanted. Yet, in one section of our State, we find laid down to blue-grass; in another section, to timothy; in a third, to or chard grass and red clover combined. Rarely do we find more than two or three grasses grow ing in the same pasture; yet, not less than one hundred species have been described by bota- nists, as growing spontaneously in the great Mississippi valley. In England, as many as twenty-two species of grass have been found growing upon a square foot of ancestral pasture, that had been grazed unremitingly through many generations. And English pastures wear well, producing food for a long period, from very early in the spring to very late in the fall. Why ?" Simply because, instead of being confined to one or two grasses, that start about the same time, as is the Ameri can custom, they seed down the lands intended to remain for a series of years in pasture, with all the varieties that will grow upon them, and thus secure a regular succession of succulent and nutritious food the season through. Louisville Courier. M > i > DOMESTIC RECIPES. We copy from the July number of the Genesee Farmer the following recipes: To Make Crackers. —Take one egg, one pint sweet milk, one tea-cupful lard, a little salt, and enough flour to make a stiff dough. Rub the lard and some flour together; then add the egg and milk. Add flour and knead well till it is a very stiff dough. Then add to this one-half its size of light dough, knead them well together, and set away to rise. When light, roll out to one-eiglith of an inch thick, cut in squares, prick with a fork, and bake to a crisp. Brown Nuts. —Take one and a half tea-cups ful sugar, four tea-cupsful buttermilk, two tea spoonsful saleratus, two eggs, a little salt, and flour enough to form a dough. Beat the eggs light and mix them with the milk, add the saler atus, turn this into the flour, then add the sugar and knead well. Roll out to one-half inch thick, cut into little round cakes about an inen in diam eter, put them into a pan of hot lard, and take them out when a nut brown color. , Butter Biscuit. —Take two tea-cupfuls of but ter, and nib it well into some dry flour; then add two eggs well beaten, and one quart of sweet milk, with flour enough to make a very stiff dough. Knead it well, and then add to it one-half its size of light dough ; knead together and let it rise. When light, roll it out and cut into round cakes, prick with a fork, and bake. Doughnuts. —Take one quart of light dough, a piece of lard the size of an egg, and one-half tea-cupful of sugar, knead well together, roll out thin, cut any form you wish, and ’drop into a pan of boiling lard. Remove them when of a light yellow color. Beer. —Twenty drops wintergreen, twenty drops essence cinnamon, twenty drops essence sassafras, one pint molasses, one table-spoonful ginger, half pint yeast, five quarts hot and five quarts cold water. Let it ferment, and cork tightly in bottles. Wiping Dishes. —Much time is wasted' by house-keepers in wiping their dishes. If pro perly washed and drained in a dry sink, with a cloth spread on the bottom, they look better than when wiped, iiesides the economy in time and labor. Dandy Pudding. —One quart milk, two table spoonsful flour, yolks of four eggs well beaten and mixed with the milk. Beat the whites sep arately with four tea-spoonsful sugar, drop on the top of the pudding, aud put in the oven. Sponge Biscuit. — One pint yeast, one quart sweet milk, one cupful butter, half cupful lard, one teuspoonfUl salt, a little soda. Mix. When light, mould in small biscuits. Let them set fif teen minutes, then bake. Good Biscuit. —Take one quart of sour cream, half a tea-cupful of butter, tea-spoonful of soda, a little salt, knead it stiff and mould it well, roll out, and cut with a biscuit ring. To Preserve Herbs. —All kinds of herbs should be gathered on a dry day, just before, or while they are in blosoru. Tie them in bundles, and susjfcnd them in a dry. airy place, with their blossoms downward. When perfectly dry, wrap the medicinal ones in paper, and keep them from the air. Pick off the leaves of those which are to be used for cooking, pound or rub, and sift them fine, and keep the powder in bottles corked up tight. To Keep Cheese from Moulding. —After it is cut, wrap it in a linen cloth and keep it in a tight tin box. Bread will keep much longer fresh in this way; also', doughnuts and all kinds of cake; Coffee is as much improved by washing be fore roasting, as potatoes before cooking, for those who dislike to drink dirt. To Prevent Holes from coming in the Heels and Toes of Stockings. —Dam them carefully as soon as they beefllno threadbare. To Prevent Dough from Souring. —Watch it closely, and bake it as soon as it is light enough. What to do if it becomes Sour. —Put in soda or saleratus. and eat that which, if put moist on the back of your hand, will make a sore in an hour. Another way : Throw it to the pigs, and watch closer next time. How to Make Children Mind. —First, con sider them as children, and not as old folks.— Second, never command them to do anything unreasonable. N. B.—l learned this rule from the old hen. She follows these rules, and her chickens always mind. What to do in a Fit of Ennui. —Go into the attic and look over all the old mbbish. You will be sure to find something interesting, and something to do. What to do in a Fit of the Blues.— Go and see the poorest and sickest families within your knowledge. W HAT TO DO IN A FIT OF THE SULKS.— Think over all the kindness you have received, and the manner in whieh you have repaid them. How to Prevent Bcttoxs from coming off from Clothes. —As soon as they become loose, cut them off, and sew them on good with a strong double thread. Hpw to Prevent Hens from doing Mischief in your own and your Neighbors’ Gardens.— Give them a yard with a high, tight fence, a good, warm shelter, and plenty of food. When to Cut Pig Yokes. —When you hap pen to see them. But you had better shut your pigs where there is a good tight fence, feed them well, and they will not need yoking. How to Prevent Cattle from Becoming Unruly. —Have good fences, and keep them up. See that they have water and salt enough, good feed, and never abuse them. X. Gorham, Ontario co., N. Y., 1859. Dwapf Pears. —“ We have repeatedly laid down this rule as a guide, that no ODe should plant extensively of dwarfs who was uot satisfi ed by previous experiment or by observation among his neighbors, first, that the climate is adapted to their growth; secondly, that the soil is right; thirdly, tliat the stocks are of the best sort; fourthly, that the cultivation is as good as carrots and cabbages usually receive.” Country Gentleman. [Written for the Southern Field and Fireside ] BED CLOVER MILLET AND MANGEL . WORZEL. Much has been written on the subject of clover, and grasses, and the value of the cul ture thereofj and the great benefit to be derived, one might readily come to the conclusion that enough has been said on the subject. I, for one, however, cannot come to such con clusion, for I think it of vital importance to every farmer, as also to the great mass of the people, for wherever the fanning intresta are promoted, the whole populace enjoys the bless ings to a greater or less degree. With this view of the case, I beg leave to offer a few re marks from personal observation picked up on the way side. I have noticed that in planting red clover, the red or clay land is best adapted for its culture, and on which it thrives best. Upper as well as middle Georgia, and the upper districts of South Carolina, a portion of North Carolina and Alabama, clover can be cultivated with success. In planting (or sowing) clover, the soil should be well broken, and the seed sown with wheat or oats, to protect the clover roots from the in fluence of the sun. The small and delicate roots that first shoot out are easily billed, if not protect ed as above; this gives the protection ; and by ' the time the wheat or oats are cut, the roots of the clover have so (tenetrated the soil, and be come strong enough to withstand the heat. Be sides, the stubble of wheat, or oats, as well as the leaves of the plant itself, assist greatly in its farther protection from the sun’s rays, while the plant is young and tender. In planting clover, a farmer should plant each year a lot for three successive years; the first lot for the first year should be undisturbed, and allowed to go to seed, the second year he should cut it, the third year either cut it or turn it under or turn his hogs upon it—for dow it will yield an abundant harvest, and the foil so improved by turning it under; and with a fair season, an abun dant crop of corn, can be made. Treating each lot in this way in succession, a farmer can al ways have a fine crop of clover, and improve the soil at the same time, with little or no labor; and if he thinks proper, the lot can remain in clover until the fourth year. After cutting the clover, it should remain on the ground a suffi cient time to wilt; if in the sun, two hours will be sufficient for this purpose. It should be then hauled off and stacked in the open lot. In stack ing, for every layer of half a foot a good sprink ling of salt should be put upon it, until the stack is completed. The wilted plant will readily im bibe the salt and preserve the moisture without injury, and is very palatable as well as whole some to stock. I noticed a stack that had been treated in this way in Tennessee, and also on each side of the said stack, two other stacks of timothy ; the cattle had access to them, where the stack of clover was eaten. The timothy, although vciy fine, was not touched. Whether this was caused from their preference to the .clover, or the salt, or both, I cannot say. This mode of treating clover, I think, decidedly better than putting it away in its dry state, for two reasons : it being more nutritious, and will go much farther in feeding; besides, you salt the cattle at the same time, which prevents a good deal of disease among them. When hogs are turned into a lot of clover, they become more* or less salivated for a time, and after being on it a while, it so prepares their system, that when taken from this and fed with corn, they fatten di reotly, and will take much less corn to do it. than the hogs which were not on the clover. All this I have witnessed in Tennessee and elsewhere ; mid I hope some of the farmers in the Carolinas, Alabama, and Georgia, will test the matter. Now, farther North, we are aware that clover is much easier (frown. This much have I said about clover; and what shall 1 say to the farmers whose soil and cli mate are not adapted to its culture ? Simply, this: cultivate grasses tor meadows; many of you have, and particularly millet, for this will grow wherever a grain of corn will; plant in drills ; gray or sandy land will answer, say about the middle or end of February ; ’tis the earliest grass you can have, and will repay you well for its culture. On one quarter of an acre, you can find and keep fat, a couple of saddle horses, to gether with two or three milch cows. You commence cutting the first row, and so on until you reach the last, which you can leave for seed, and by the time you got to the last row, you can commence on the first again, and so on. for at least five cuttings. The ihillet is easily cultivated, and should be planted by all the low country farmers. The Mangle Wurtzel or Field Beet, grows finely in our southern latitude, and deserves the attention of all farmers. They grow to a large size and when taken from the field, and kept in a dry cellar, they can be fed to cattle all winter, cither by boiling or cut up raw. Boil ing is best, if convenient. They are superior to the turnip, although it would be as well to have both. All these deserve the attention of our southern farmers, before we can compete with our northern and western brethren in stock raising, milk, butter and hogs, &e. Yours, Charles Pemble. ——• Age of Animals. —A bear rarely exceeds twenty years; a dog lives twenty years; a wolf twenty: a fox fourteen to fifteen; lions are long lived —"Pompey ” lived to the age of seventy. The average of cats is fifteen years; a squir rel and hare seven or eight years; rabbits seven. Elephants have been known to live to the great age of four hundred years. When Alexander the Great had conquered one Pliarus, king of India, he took a great ele phant which had fought very valiantly for the king, named him Ajax, and dedicated him to the sun, and let him go with this in scription : “ Alexander, the son of Jupiter, hath dedicated Ajax to the sun.” This elephant was found with this inscription three hundred and fift.v years after. Pigs have been known to live to the age of thirty years; the rhinoceros to twenty. A horse has been known to live to the age of sixty-two, but averages twenty-five to thirty. Camels sometimes live to the age of one hundred. Stags are long-lived. Sheep sel dom exceed the age of ten. Cows live about fif teen y'ears. Cuvier considers it probable that whales sometimes live to the age of one thou sand. The dolphin and porpoise attain the age of thirty. An eagle died at Vienna at the age of one hundred and four years. Ravens fre quently reached the age of one hundred. Swans have been known to live three hundred and sixty years. Mr. Mallerton has the skeleton of a swan that attained the age of two hundred years. Pelicans are long-lived. A tortoise has been known to live to the age of one hundred and seven.— Exchange. ————— Yellow Roses. —The Gardener's Chronicle , from recent experiments, says that “ roses like the Cloth of Gold and Isabel a Gray demand four things: 1, a warm soil; 2, a southern exposure; 3, time; 4. to be protected from the pruning’ knife;” and asks, ‘ may not these be also the conditions demanded by the famous old Double Yellow Rose herself?" 71