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182
AGRICULTURAL.
DANIEL LEE, Iff. D., Editor.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1859.
HOW AGRICULTURAL PLANTS GROW.
Physiologists and chemists have found great
difficulty in reaching a clear and satisfactory so
lution of some of the most obvious and univer
sal phenomena of vegetable development. Not
only do different plants take unequal quantities
of earthy salts from the same soil, and fix them
in their roots, stems, leaves, bark and seeds, but
the same plant rarely fails to distribute its in
combustible minerals very unequally in the dif
ferent parts of its numerous organs. The bark
of forest trees yields more ash when burnt than
the wood: and we found, by direct experiment,
that pine leaves 'or straw (the long-leaf pine,)
contain twelve times more mineral matter per
100 lbs. than the wood of the same tree. The
ash in the seeds of corn, wheat and cotton, has
three or four times more phosphoric acid than
that in their stems. In his recent “Letters on
Modern Agriculture,” Baron Liebig contends
that the earthy minerals found in plants, with
rare exceptions, do not enter their roots in solu
tion. or dissolved in water, but are extracted from
the earth by the rootlets and their spongioles, in
some unknown manner. Read the following
extract from his second Letter: j
“We have hitherto believed that plants re- >
ceived their food from a solution, and that the 1
rapidity of its effect was in direct proportion to ;
its solubility. We have supposed the active ele- <
ments to be carried in solution in rain water and *
carbonic acid to their roots, and have regarded 1
them (the plants) in the light of sponges, half in <
the moist ground and half in the air, continuously ,
absorbing by their roots the water which evapo
rated from their leaves. Whatever was in solu
tion passed with the water into the roots, and by
the process of nutrition was appropriated by the
plant. The soil and the plant were both passive
in the operation.
Vegetable physiology lias taught that an ele
ment of food in the soil at a distance from the
rootlets of plants, is available as nourishment,
provided there is water between the rootlets and
the food to dissolve the latter.
In consequence of the evaporation from the
leaves, the rootlets suck up the water, which
thus, with the substances dissolved in it, re
ceives a movement onward towards them. We
believed that the water was the carrier of the
most remote elements of the soil to the imme
diate presence of the plant.
But all thin has been a great mistake. We have
inferred from the effect of water and carbonic
acid on rocks, a similarity of action on soils, but
this conclusion is false.
There is not to be found in chemistry a more
wonderful phenomenon, one which more con
founds all human wisdom, than is presented by
the soil of a garden or field.
By the simplest experiment one may satisfy
himself that rain water filtered through field or
garden soil does not dissolve out a trace of pot
ash, silicic acid, ammonia, or phosphoric acid.
The soil does uot give up to the water one par
ticle of the food of plants which it contains.
The most continuous rain cannot remove from
the field, except mechanically, any of the essen
tial constituents of its fertility.
The soil not only retains firmly all the food of
plants which is actually in it, but its power to
preserve all that may be useful to them extends
much further. If rain or other water, holding
in solution ammonia, potash, phosphoric and si
lilic acids, be brought in contact with the soil,
these substances disappear almost immediately
from the solution; the soil withdraws them from
the water. Ouly such substances are completely
withdrawn by the soil as are indispensable arti
cles of food for plants: all others remain wholly,
or in part, in solution.”
The learned author evidently has all confi
dence in the correctness of what he so dogmati
cally asserts to be true; nevertheless, we are
equally confident that he is mistaken. That
land irrigated by spring and river water holding
"arious salts in solution, will absorb a part of
them from such water, is a fact proved by direct
experiment ■ but that the salts in the spring
water, (tho*s 0 f lime in limestone water, for in
stance,) are ta** a f rom the ground, will hardly
be denied by any ono . jn cases where pure
water apparently fails *q obtain any potash, am
monia, silicic or ac |d f ro)n aBO the
quantity present is too smali» 0 yield satisfactory
tests to re-agents; and its appa« n t absence no
more disproves the presence of sucit minerals in
the water, in an exceedingly diluted state, than
the inability of chemists to find iodine in sea
water that supplies sponges so abundantly with
this mineral, disproves its existence in the sea.
Many elements of plant food exist so sparingly
in«lay, sand and mould, that plants obtain only
a few grains in the course of twelve months’
growth, iq that length of time a large amount
of water enters their roots and escapes by evap
oration from their Xqves. Nor is the supply of
soluble agricultural safc* limited to the current
of water drawn towards leaves by evapora
ion, as many have taught
well-known law that when any dissolves in
water, it does not completely w hich
surrounds the solid, but diffuses itself inhqhdte
ly, forming often so weak a solution that no w
will indicate its presence; as when a grain dt
salt is dissolved in a hogshead of water. A
grain of the nitrate of potash, of super-phosphate
of lime, and one of sulphate of magnesia, will
bo equally diffused through a like quantity of
water. The same is true of a grain of muriate
of ammonia. Water holding these different
salts in solution, passes freely into the different
cells and vessels of plants, and there is met by
their various organs with their diversified natu
ral wants. The cuticle of the several grasses,
reeds, canes, carices, &c., demand much flint,
which is deposited in a solid state. The seeds
of these plants require more phosphates, and
these also are extracted from the same water.
The woody part of all plants consumes much
potash, soda, or lime, in the production of cells
or their contents. So soon as any of these min
erals are withdrawn from the water, others of
the same name and nature pass into the plant
from the soil by the law of saline diffusion, to
tmm bo’wtmmxm mu Jura wmm&mm.
fill the mineral vacuum, so to speak, caused by
the withdrawal of the salts solidified in the
growth of the vegetable. This passage of mat
ters dissolved in water into the circulating tubes
and cells of plants, is, in a large degree, inde
pendent of all evaporation from their leaves.
Sponges growing under water, and all plants
surrounded by an atmosphere nearly saturated
with moisture, must have little or no current de
rived from the vaporisation of water, yet they
often grow rapidly.
The law that governs the diffusion of gases,
both in the atmosphere and in water, causes
them also to seek to fill all space. Hence, a
small quantity of caustic lime or potash will
soon imbibe all the carbonic acid in a cubic foot
of atmosphere: this gas passing by the law of
diffusion through the air on all sides till it reach
es the caustic alkali, for which it has a strong
affinity. It becomes a part of lime-rock and a
solid, just as wood is mainly solidified carbon
and the elements of water. A plant possesses
many affinities, or peculiar forces, in place of
one, two, or three, as is seen in simple elemen
tary bodies. It is hardly probable that they
give out anything analogous to the excrements
of animals either by their leaves or roots. While
growing, they are always bathed in water and
air, neither of which is quite free of earthy salts.
We found over one per cent of ash in the hang
ing swamp-moss below Augusta; one half of
which or more, was lime. A growing plant is
a chemical apparatus of remarkable power; but
all its elements are either liquified or gaseous
before their organization takes place. Accord
ing to an able writer in the Country Gentleman,
Sachs and Stoeckiiardt have lately demonstra
ted by numerous trials, that cereal and legumin
ous grains, clover and beets, attain a vigorous
development and blossom, with their roots in
water holding the proper salts in solution, with
out any soil whatever being near them.
Plants grow well with their roots in pounded
glass, when duly watered with a solution of fitting
aliment. Indeed,the use of liquid manure is about
as old as Adam; and this last theory of Liebig
is likely to prove more damaging to his reputa
tion than any other. When not deprived of a
fair allowance of water, all agricultural plants
flourish with their appropriate elements, if ex
ceedingly diluted. It may be that one part in
200,000 of sed, perhaps in some cases one in a
million, will snffice to give a crop. We need
careful experiments to determine the minimum
of ammonia, potash, magnesia, phosphoric and
sulphuric acids, demanded by nature to produce
each of our great staples. In a report made to
the New York Legislature in 1843 by the writer,
which may be found in the Transactions of the
State Agricultural Society of that year, we said;
“ Persons unacquainted with the compound na
ture of wheat, are apt to imagine that the ap
plication of one fertilising element, lime for in
stance, ought to produce a good crop. They are
ignorant of the fact that every seed and stem
of wheat has twelve other indispensable ingre
dients in its composition. Millions of days of
hard labor are annually thrown away in New
York alone, in a vain attempt to transmute one
mineral into another. Farmers are searching for
some philosopher’s stone that will change lime
into potash, potash into magnesia, magnesia
into Hint, Hint into sulphur, sulphur into iron,
iron into phosphorus, phosphorus into nitrogen,
nitrogen into carbon, and carbon into oxygen.
When a man can make the half of a thing equal
to the whole, then he may raise a good crop of
wheat where his soil lacks half of the elements
of that grain.”
Many will never see the absurdity of wasting
the labor of millions every year, in trying to do
what is as impossible as to create a bale of cot
ton out of nothing. If one cannot command
success, he can at least cease to throw away the
very valuable strength of man and beast where
the return in crops is unsatisfactory. Labor had
better be employed in some other pursuit than
that of agriculture, if one is compelled to till
poor land, and make even that less productive.
Every plant must have its peculiar wants met
in the right way. The presence of salts not
needed in the cells of a growing crop, do no
harm, if not in excess. The living organism
appropriates what is required, if available, and
no more. What the cultivator ought to learn by
experiment, is the elements really absent, or
those present in too small a quantity. Who can
say and adduce evidence of the fact that cow
peas are really better than cotton to enrich land,
provided both plants are treated alike ? How
much of the substance of each is derived from
the atmosphere and rain water ? How much
comes from the substance of the soil which sur
rounds the roots of each plant? A thousand
dollars wilt pay for and procure a true answer
to these questions.
—
Insulated Castings. —Mr. Calvin Adams, of
Pittsburg, Pa., has recently discovered that an
important electrical change takes place, when
molten iron solidifies in cooling. By insulating
the moulds, and the man pouring m the liquid
metal, the castings from common iron came out
as white as silver and hard as steel. This is
another evidence of the universality of this subtle
j tpree, and though it is not as yet applied to any
l\etical purpose, such phenomena cannot fail
eve ~ to produce useful effects.
\ «
111
CoTSwcSp and Leicester Sheep. —Mr. John
Snell, of West, exhibited at the recent
New \ ork Fa\tvv o Cotswold sheep; the one
weighed 390 an( j tlie other 303 pounds.
A Leicester ram
Plowing bt Steam. —is said in some of
our northern exchanges success which
has been witnessed in the opy-ations of plows
worked by steam. This is fanftg farming.
The Sugar Crop. —The editor orriie Plaque
mine (Iberville Parish) Gazette <fe Sbdiml says
that the present crop will fall short 300X>0 hlids.
The cane is both short and small, and tlik stand
is not a good one. The editor adds that there is
not one single planter in the Parish who can b»ast
of a first rate crop.
AGRIC IiTURAI EDUCATION. '
Nothing moi forcibly shows the advance in
public sentimei; on the great question of making
Agriculture an/ intellectual calling, and study
ing it as an h norable profession, than the e
- made in i svcral States to found Agricultu
ral Colleges. These institutions, under the
name of seho< s, have been in successful opera
tion in Europi for over half a century, and giv
en universal itisfaction. They happily unite
science with ractice in all farming operations,
and thereby a ain results which are wholly un
attainable in iny other way. They apply to
agricultural in ustry the universal law, that hu
man ignorance is weakness, and human know
ledge power. school is an admirable contri
vance for bol teaching and learning useful
knowledge, j pplied to agriculture, it collects
into suitable a: 1 convenient text books, all the
more important fwts relating to tillage, crops,
manures, live stoik, the improvement of land
and farm and from these data,
based alike on loig experience, close observa
tion, and scientist research, the true principles
of this old art, tilt new profession, are estab
lished. As asc nee, agriculture is in its in
fancy, and therelfe needs kindly treatment, and
the fostering ca ) of all its friends. But in
place of kindness it is in some danger of being
maltreated by uniing to the agricultural chair
in Franklin colleg. duties never contemplated
by the munificen founder of this new Professor
ship. Instead of tllowing the incumbent to de
vote his whole tir ? and energies to the advance
ment of Southern agriculture, partly through
the public press, nd partly by oral lectures in
the University, at was well understood by Dr.
Terrell during 1 s life-time, and the gentleman
whom he named s not unworthy of the place,
we learn that an Tort will be made next week,
when the Board ( Trustees meet at Milledge
ville, to attach tl i professorship of Chemistry,
(which is now a p*rt of the curriculum of the
College,) to the chair of Scientific Agriculture.
This if consummated, will defeat
the purpose to es%blish an agricultural school
in connection with) he Terrell professorship, as
was desired by Dii Terrell.
It will be a step backward in the study of ag
riculture which camot bo justified by any sup
posed or real w aps of Franklin College. Its
Trustees have nevtr, to our knowledge, given a
dollar to provide alecture room for the agricul
tural department; nor have they bought a sin
gle book or other material, needful either to
teach or study rurq affairs with success, since
the professorship yas founded. If nothing can
be done to aid title branch of learning, surely
nothing ought to bi done to injure it. Let it re
main where Dr. Trirell left it, until public sen
tirhent advances tc the elevated point attained
by the distinguished patron of scientific agricul
ture. Already the present and prospective pa
tronage of The Full and Fireside has enabled
the Terrell professor to commence a series of
experiments with numerous grasses, and sheep
husbandry, which promise useful results. The
manure produced by some sixty horses at a
livery stable has been engaged for five years,
for experimental purposes ; and so fast as means
can be had they will be used to promote both
the art and the science of good husbandry. One
man, with nothing but his own hands to work
with, can hardly be expected to make a large
fortune at once on land, which, with the best
possible culture, unaided by manure, will not
grow one barrel of corn per acre.
—-4|. ■*»*■
Clark County Agricultural Society.
FIRST ANNUAL FAIR, 1859.
We give below a full list of the premiums
awarded at the late Fair in Athens, at which la
dies and gentlemen from several counties were
competitors. In devoting so much space to the
premiums, we deny ourself room for editorial
notice of many things deserving commenda
tion. The horses and mules presented abetter
show than we have ever before seen in the
.South ; but the exhibition of neat cattle, sheep
and swine, was quite limited, and poor enough.
The same counties will do far better next year.
We are indebted to Mr. Sledge, of the Athens
Banner, for the list.
For best acre corn (bottom land) M C M
Hammond, Clark co., $lO 00
do best bushel stock corn, Dr. Henry Hull,
Clark co., 1 00
do best bush, bread corn, Henry Jennings.
Clark co., 1 00
do best acre sweet potatoes, J B Hart,
Green co., 5 00
do best 2 bales crab grass hay, J B Hart,
Green co., 2 00
do best bale fodder, John H Newtou,
Clark co., 2 00
do best gal. syrup, (Chinese cane,) John
Colt, Clark co., 1 Ofi
do best bush, white wheat, J B Hart,
Green co., 1 00
do best bush, red wheat, Shelton Oliver,
Oglethorpe co., 1 00
do best bush, sweet potatoes, Dr N w
Pridgeon, Clark co., 1 00
do best bush. Hay ti yams, Mrs Dr Carlton,
Clark co, 1 00
do best bush. Irish potatoes, Mrs Col Bil
lups, Clark co., 1 00
do best 4 pumpkins, Henry Davenport, •
Clark co., 2 00
do best bush, turnips, Jno II Newton,
Clark co., 1 00
do best bush, black oats. Berryman Camp,
Jackson co., 1 00
do best bush, rye, J N Lester, Clark
co, 1 00
do best field peas, Jos M Williams, Clark
co., 1 00
do best Georgia-raised match horses, Dr
J A Price, Clark co., 10 00
do best Georgia-raised single harness
horse, Wm A Woodis, Clark co., 5 00
do best Georgia-raised saddle horse, Jno S
Jackson, Green co., 5 00
do best Southern-raised match horses,
Wm A Carr, Clark co., 10 00
do best match-horses open to the world,
R S Taylor, Clark co., 10 00
do best Southern-raised single harness
horse, W J Morton, Clark eo., 5 00
do best blood stallion 4 years old, Col R
Jordan, Jasper co., 10 00
do best blood mare 4 years old, Col R Jor
dan, Jasper co., 10 00
do best blood filly 2 years old, Jas Milli
can, Jackson co., 5 00
The committee noticed favorably two other
stallions of high merit, belonging to Mr A B
Jackson, of Clark co., and Mr J L Hart, o f Og
lethorpe co.
To fine Arabian stallion, owned by Mr.
Jesse D Gilbert, Atlanta, Hon.
do best Morgan stallion “Shooting Star,”
4 years old, Shelton Oliver, Oglethorpe
co., 10 00
East Southern-raised horse, Jas C Branch,
Clark co., 10 00
do horse open to the world, G C Rogers,
Atlanta—time 3 9£. 10 00
Best stallion, (all work,) Shelton Oliver,
Oglethorpe co., 10 00
do horse colt 3 years old, S Whitehead,
Clark co., 5 00
do horse colt 2 years old, James Millican,
Jackson co., 5 00
do horse colt 1 year old, J S Jackson,
Green co., 5 00
do mare (all work,) H Hull, jr., Clark
co., 10 00
do mare 3 years old, Sanford Mathews,
Clark co., 5 00
do filly 2 years old, Col A Grifleth, Ogle
thorpe co., 5 00
do filly 1 year old, J S Jackson, Green
co., 5 00
do mare and horse colt, N H Wier, Clark
co., 10 00
do mare and mule colt, John W Harris,
Walton co., 10 00
do colt under 1 year old, H W Johnson,
Oglethorpe co., 5 00
The committee noticed favorably two very
fine fillies, each one year old, exhibited by Col.
John Billups and 11. Hull, jr., also a two year
old filly owned by Mr. N. H. Wier.
Best Georgia raised Jack, J. B. Smith, of
Oglethorpe county, 10 00
do Imported Jack, John White, of Clark
county, 10 00
do Imported Jennett, John White, Clark
county, 10 00
do Georgia raised Jennett, Mid. Thomp
son, Clark county, 10 00
do pair mules, John S. Jackson, Green
county, 10 00
do single mule, Col. A. Griffeth, Ogle
thorpe county, 5 00
do Two year old mule oolt, 11. Hull, jr.,
Clark county, 5 00
do one year old mule colt, 11. W. Sheats,
Walton county, 5 00
do Grade bull, W. R. Waring, Habersham
county. 5 00
do Grade cow three years old, Mrs. Dr.
Ware, Athens, 5 00
do Grade heifer calf one year old, James
Galloway, Athens, 2 00
do native bull, Joseph M. Williams, Clark
county, 5 00
do native milch cow three years old, Jno
Sturges, Clark county, 5 00
do native heifer one year old, L. J. Lamp
kin, Clark county, 2 00
do native heifer calf, A. S. Dorsey, Clark
county, 2 00
do fatted beef, Dr. 11. Hull, Athens, 5 00
do three sheep (buck, ewe and lamb,)
Bernard Franklin, Athens, 5 00
do lot cashmere goats, John H. Newton,
Athens, . 5 00
do boar, W. R. Waring, Habersham eo. 500
do breed sow, J. B. Cobb, Athens, 5 00
do yoke oxen, Asbury Hull, Athens, 5 00
do half-dozen bacon sides, Jno. F. Foster,
Clark county, 5 00
do half-dozen bacon hams, Mr. A. C. Mid
dlebrook, Clark county, 5 00
do half-dozen bacon shoulders, J. F. Fos
ter, Clark county, 5 00
do half-dozen bacon hams, Mrs. Dr. Hull,
Athens, Hon.
do half-dozen bacon hams, Mrs. John
Williams, Clark county, Hon.
do fresh butter, Mrs. W. J. Parks, Jack
son county, 2 00
do fresii butter, Mrs. Dr. Orr, Athens, Hon.
do fresh butter, Mrs. Shelton Oliver, Ogle
-1 tliorpe county, do
do fresh butter, Mrs. Wier, Clark county, do
do fresh butter, Mrs. Middlebrook, Clark
i county, do
do fresh butter, Mrs. Middleton Thomp
son, Clark county, do
* do fresh butter, Mrs. Thos. E. Epps,
> Clark county, do
1 do fresh butter, Mrs. John Williams, of
Clark county, do
. do lard, Mrs. Eleanor Moore, Clark co. 200
The committee highly commend the lard of
s Mrs. Jno. Billups, Mrs. Toseph F. Morton, Mrs.
> John I. Huggins and Mrs. I. S. Vincent.
. Best hard soap, Mrs. R. R. Winfrey, of
Oglethorpe county, $2 00
Honors also awarded for hard soap, to
Mrs. P. W. Thomas, of Athens, Mrs.
J. B. Hart, of Green county, and Mrs.
J. I. Huggins, of Athens.
> Best bore tallow candles, Mrs. Jno. White,
Clark county, 2 00
I do bushel dried apples, Mrs. J. N. Wier,
Clark county, 2 00
> Honors also for dried apples, to Mrs. J. B.
Hart, of Green county, and Mrs. Camak
l of Athens.
Best bushel dried peaches, Mrs. S. B.
i Hart, Green county, 2 00
Honor to Mrs. R. H. Goodman, Athens,
> for the same.
Largest collection of pickles, jo u/oS i &c
--i Mrs. M. S. Durham, f»«rk county, 2 00
Best collection of pities, catsups, &c.,
I Mrs. Wmp Rutherford, Athens, 2 00
do bran Jr peaches, preserves, &c., Mrs.
it. H. Goodman, Athens, 2 00
Beautiful Jelly, Mrs. Y. I. G. Harris, of
Athens, Hon.
Best fig preserves, Mrs. Y. L. G. Harris,
Athens, Hon.
Pickles & preserves, Mrs. P. W. Thomas
Athens, do
Pickles, &e., Mrs. S. M. Lanier, Athens, do
Pickles, &c. Mrs. Henry Davenport, of
Clark county, do
Citron and muscadine preserves, Miss
Lizzie Moore, Clark county, do
Best French Rolls, Mrs. Jno. Billups,
Athens, $2 00
Light bread and rolls, Mrs. Wray, Athens, Hon.
Ornamented cake, very beautiful, Mrs F
W Lucas, Athens, do
Excellent fruit cake, Mrs S II Maxwell,
Athens, do
Beautiful houey, William Epps, Esq.,
Clark co., - do
do honey, Mrs. Dr. Ware, Athens, do
Light bread and rolls, Mrs. Dr. Ware,
Athens, $2 00
Pound cake, Mrs. T. R. R. Cobb, Athens, 2 00
Best 10 yards negro cloth, Mrs. S. B.
Jones, Morgan co. 2 00
do 10 yards carpeting, Mrs. I.S. Vincent,
Clark co.. 2 00
do coverlet of wool, Mrs. A. Griffith,
Oglethorpe co., 2 00
do 10 yards jeans, Mrs. Sarah Ann Wil
liams, Madison co., 2 00
do Counterpane of cotton, Mrs. R. R.
Wmfrep, Oglethorpe co., 2 00
do Table cover, (raised work,) Mrs. M. L.
Yigal, Athens, 2 00
do Ottoman, (raised work,) Miss Bush,
Banks co. 2 00
do specimen of embroidery, Miss Mar
garet Phinizy, Athens, 2 00
do specimen of crochet work, Miss Anna
Heins, Athens, 2 00
do patchwork cotton quilt, Mrs. C. B.
Lyle, Oglethorpe co., 2 05
do patchwork silk quilt, Mrs. L. J. Lamp
kin, Athens, 2 00
do raised do cotton do Mrs. W. Y. Elder,
Clarke co., 2 00
do collar and undersleeves, Mrs. M.* A.
Yeatcli, Athens, * 200
do child’s handkerchief, Miss Sallie Ward,
Athens, 2 00
do shirt and 6 collars, (made by a young
lady,) Miss Lucy C. Ware, Athens, 5 00
do vest, Miss Fannie J. Dixon, Ath
ens, gold thimble,
do pair negro blankets, Mrs. R. R. Win
frey, Oglethorpe co. 2 00
do sack flour, (white wheat,) J. H. New
ton, Athens, 2 00
do do do (red wheat,) L. W. Shack
leford, Athens, 2 00
do Bale kersey, Grady A Nicholson, Ath
ens, 3 00
do do cotton shirting, Athen’s mfng Co.
Athens, 2 00
do pair Gents’ boots, N. W. Haudrup,
Athens, 2 00
do sample cotton-belting, Mr. R. R. Win
frey, Oglethorpe co., 1 00
do dozen pair russet shoes, McCleskey A
Doyle, Athens, 2 00
do collection of leather, John Harris,
Watkinsville, 2 00
do plow for general use, J. B. Jackson,
Clarke co. 5 00
do turning plow, W. S. Hemphill, Ath
ens, 2 00
do Subsoil plow, James P. Mayne, Clark
county, 5 00
do 2 horse wagon, E. R. Hodgson A Bro’s,
Athens, 5 00
do bobbins and other turned ware, E. J.
McCall & Co., Clark co., 5 00
do Moveable horse-power, T. H. Wilson
& Bro’s, Athens, 2 00
do cotton gin, J. W. A L. L. Moore, Cum
ming, Ga. 5 00
The committee recommended, in the highest
terms, a superior subsoil and turning plow, ex
hibited by Redmond, of Augusta, which receiv
ed no premium, not being embraced in the pre
mium list.
Best and largest collection of fruit, W.
N. White, Athens, 2 00
do collection of fruit trees, Dr. N. W.
Pridgeon, Clarke co. 5 00
Largest collection of vegetables, Mrs. M.
S. Durham, Clarke co. 3 00
do collection of Georgia raised garden
seed, (80 varieties,) Mrs. Mary Smith,
Athens, 5 00
Best half dozen blackberry wine, Mrs. L.
W. Shackleford, Athens, 3 00
do landscape painting, Mrs. R. H. Good
man, Athens, 5 00
do paintings (portraits,) Miss M. Frank
lin, Athens, 5 00
do picture frame, (made by a lady,) Miss
H. C. Newton, Athens, 2 00
do specimen crayon drawing, Miss J. M.
Comer, Athens, 2 00
do painting of fruit (in oil) Mrs. R. H.
Goodman, Athens, 5 00
In this department, many beautiful speci
mens were exhibited, of paintings in oil, by Mrs.
J. B. Hart of Greene, Miss M. A. Cumack, of
Athens, and Mrs. L. W. Shackleford, and in wa
ter colors by Mrs. Henry Davenport, of Clarke;
in Grecian, by Mrs. Dr. Carlton, of Athens; in
India Ink, by Mrs. L. W. Shackleford, of Athens,
and a beautiful Alpine Shepherd Boy, in Porce
lain, by Mrs. Dr. Hull, of Athens.
Mr. J. F. O’Kelley, of Athens, exhibited 8
photograph portraits, beautifully executed.
The lady of W. L. Mitchell, Esq., added to
the exhibition, some very ingeniously executed
picture frames, in shell work. Mrs. Dr. Orr, of
Athens presented a tasteful boquet, of feather
flowers, and Mrs. O. A. Bailey, of Clarke, two
boquets, composed of upwards of eighty varie
ties of native grasses, which elicited much com
mendation. Mrs. William Rutherford, also ex
hibited a Kaleideseope, and a Stereoscope, of
her own manufacture, ingeniously executed, and
Mrs. General Gerdine, a hair wreath of exquis
ite finish and beauty.
In the miscellaneous department among a
great many articles, though worthy of commen
dation, the committee mention the following:
1 combination gun, made by W. J. Elder, Clarke
co.
Lot of buggy spokes, by E. J. McCall & Co.,
Athens.
Portable baby chair, by A. Gilmore Athens.
Lot of sawed laths, by Thomas -M- Epps, Clarke
co.
Saw sett, by J. P. Msj ue, Clarke co.
Buggy rug, door siats, Ac., by Moss A Newton,
Athens.
Bed-ste« J and bed stead posts, by E. J. McCall
Hr 00., Athens.
1 chost of carpenter's tools, by A. Gilmore,
Athens.
1 Georgia made buggy, J. P. Mayne, Clarke
co.
1 pair ottomans, Mrs. J. W. Reaves, Atheus.
1 seamless well bucket, T. G. Launius, Morgan
00.
1 box superior tobacco, J. W. Reaves, Athens.
1 washing machine, J. H. Newton, Athens.
Premiums were also awarded for
Miniature buggy, Master Win. B. Jones,
Clarke Co. $1 00
1 pair Alesbury and crested ducks, M. G.
Lumpkin, Athens. 1 00
1 extension dining table, Wm. E. Dick
son, Athens.
2 willow baskets, Mrs. Williams, Jack
son co. 1 00
1 cotton seed sower and 1 corn and seed
planter, J. M. Mitchell, Webster co. 3 00
The young ladies connected with the “Lucy
Cobb Institute," made a large and most beauti
ful contribution of their taste and skill, many ar
ticles of which, were not embraced in the pre
mium list, and none of which, by an unfortunate
oversight, were regularly entered.
The committee appointed to examine and re
port upon the various articles o! handiwork,
kindly contributed by these young ladies, made
a most flattering and commendatory report, em
bracing the following list:
Sofa cushion. Miss M. Phinzy,
Pm do do Mary Lamar,
Lamp mat, do Annie Cox,
Pin cushion, do Sallie Suttle,
Wax fruit, do do do
Foot-stool, do Callie Cox,