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196
LITERARY.
WILLIAM W. MANN, Editor.
SATURDAY, NOV. 12, 1859.
TO CORRESPONDENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS.
We have received during the past week:
The Captive Brothers; A Tale of the Revolu
tion —by a son of William, the younger.
An Essay on Taste—by a Lady of Augusta.
Nature and History—What they promise us
in the future —by J. D. P.
The Relic of the Crucifix—by ludamird.
Essay (No. 3) on Common Schools.
A Ghost Story—by “James."
Autumn Musings—by Jove.
Home Awakenings—by same.
The Enchanted Mountain —by Mrs. L. A irgi
nia French.
A Life History—by Laura Lincoln , and the
Sister of Chanty, by same, have been accepted,
and will be published soon.
MASTER WILLIAM MITTEN.
Our readers generally, will, we are s'‘ re > lj e
sorry to learn that this interesting aD« instruc
tive story of their favorite, Judge LONGSTKEET,
will bo brought to its conclusion in our next
number. It has occupied ow fi rst P a £ c > with
out interruption, from tb* fi rs l number to the
present; and has contented very largely, wo
do not doubt, to the success and popularity of
The Southern FitW and Fireside. The Judge
we understand .neans to publish it soon in book
form. We lope that it will have, as it deserves,
a gloriou’ success. It is as complete a daguer
reotype from nature, as anything we have read for
a bug while. Every body, even those who have
read it in our columns, will want copies for their
private libraries.
NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
We find laid upon our table since the last no
tice, the following new works —pamphlets and
periodicals:
Almost a Heroine —a Romance, by the author
of “Chas. Auchester,” “Counterparts," he.
This book is for sale by W. 0. Barber, 219
Broad Street, sole Agent for E. D. Long & Co.
Indian Remains of Southern Georgia an
Address, delivered before the Georgia Histori
cal Society, by Charles C. Jones. Me propose
hereafter, to transfer into our columus extracts
from this interesting pamphlet.
The Glory of Georgia, as illustrated in the
History and Chivalric Spirit of her people an
Address by A. Alexander Franklin Hill, A. M.,
M. D., before the Society of the Alumni of the
* University of Georgia, at the last commence
ment.
The Knickerbocker and the Eclectic Magazine,
and Southern Literary Messenger , for November,
each with their usual freight of excellent matter.
The Savannah Journal of Medicine —Juriah
Harris, M. D., and R. D. Arnold, M. D., Editors.
The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal—
H. L. Byrd, A. M., M. D., and Holmes Steele,
M. D., Editors.
The Advocate of reace, for September and Oc
tober.
The Southern Teacher—a Journal of School
and Home Education, published bi-monthly, in
Montgomery, Ala.—W. S. Barton, Kditor.
The Aurora— A Monthly, for the Mothers and
Daughters of the South and West —Mrs. E. M.
Eaton, Editor.
The Kennesaw Gem— By the Young Ladies of
Marietta Female College: “Devoted to Improve
ment in Composition, the Promotion of Female
Education, and the Eleyation of Woman.’ Pub
lished quarterly in Marietta, Geo., at $1 per an
num, in advance.
OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENCE.
Paris, Oct. 20, 1859.
A treaty was signed at Zurich, by the I rench
and Austrian plenipotentiaries, on Monday last
past. This is a fact—about the only authentica
ted fact that the public has como, as yet, in pos
session of, out of all the so wearisomely talked-of
doings at Zurich. The fact, as stated in the
Moniteur of Tuesday morning, belongs eminent
ly to that class known as naked facts, being de
livered to the world in three or four short lines,
without note or comment. And so the gossips
went right to work to dress it up, each one ac
cording to his guise. Some adopt it as a brand
new set of likelihoods and fantastic possibilities;
others wrap it about with second-hand conjec
tures, that have been in use ever since the ar
mistice was signed; others cut their comments out
of whole cloth. All that we-really know is, that
Austria and France have signed a treaty of peace.
What its provisions are, we only guess at. The
statement that the Villafranca preliminaries are
incorporated in them, is grossly improbable. It
is worth noticing that General Dabormida, the
Sardinian Minister of Foreign Affairs, arrived in
Paris at the close of last week, had an interview
with the French Foreign Minister on Saturday,
a long conversation with the Emperor on Sun
day, another closeting with M. Walewski on
Monday, at the close of which a telegram was
flashed out to Zurich, on the arrival of which
the treaty was signed. The treaty next in or
der, is between France and Piedmont to arrange
the cession of Lombardy, (confirmed to France
by Austria in the one already signed,) by Napo
leon to King Victor; then is to come the tripar
tite treaty, completing and confirming the con
ditions of the first two instruments, to which, by
the way, a treaty of peace between Austria and
Piedmont should perhaps be added. All these,
it is augured, will now soon be signed. And
when they are all signed, the Italian Question
will remain to be settled! For, even were the
Villafranca preliminaries incorporated into the
first treaty, that would not settle it. Austria,
then, must come back to the point she ran away
from six months ago—to a Congress. Whether
, that body will be composed of representatives
'* Trom the five great powers only; whether repre
sentatives from Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Naples
and Rome will be permitted to take equal or any
part in the deliberations and decisions; whether
it will meet at Brussels or at Paris, are the ques
tions now in agitation. Whether England will
take part in the Congress, is also a question
with some ; it is not with your correspondent.
Many difficulties are yet in the way of a meeting
of the Congress. The preliminaries are proba
bly not yet agreed upon among the live great
powers, and weeks may yet elapse before they
can agree upon the terms and bases and limits
of their congregated deliberations and decisions.
For all that, the Congress will meet; it is the only
means of preventing a new war.
In Italy, the crisis grows more critical. Vio
lent manifestations are apprehended from the
populace of Parma, if the assassins of Auviti
'ewm mwwmmMM in yxbssxns.
are subjected to a capital punishment. The peo
ple feel that they were right in acting as the ex
ecutors of a universal sentiment of vengeance,
so brutally and constantly provoked through a
series of years, by that cruel wretch. The ru
lers saw that they had committed a fearful politi
' cal blunder, to the great delight of all enemies
of the Italian cause, which canonly be corrected
by excessive severity of punishment; and now
are forced to see that such excessive severity is
likelv to revolt the people. In the Legations,
too, the rational revolutionary authorities expe
rience great and growing embarrassment from
the activity of revolutionists of the Mazzinian
school. Pecuniary embarrassments are also
daily growing rrore serious. The Neapolitan
government, which one would think had more
than enough to do to control the rising discontent
within its o»vn territory, especially in Sicily, is
setting ar army of 30.000 men on the Papal
frontier —a movement to which, in spite of com
mon sense, it is difficult to assign any other pur
pose than that of a junction with the Pope’s mer
ceiaries, to act against Garibaldi. Garibaldi,
riean time, who seems to be beyond most men in
or out of Italy in these days—a man with his
mind made up, is nothing daunted at the pros
pect; on the contrary, rather enjoys it. one
would say. The subscription started by him
for the purchase of a million muskets, gets on
well. The municipality of Milan has just set
itself down for 100,000 francs. While the Pope, or
rather his keeper, Antonelli, encouraged un
doubtedly by the recent political pastoral letters
and protests of many of the French bishops,
the importance of whose constraining influence
on Napoleon’s fixed purpose ho has probably
overrated, obstinately opposes all reform, and re
fuses, as of old, to recognise that the world does
move, thousands and tens of thousands of the
Roman world move toward the residence of
Della Minerva, the Sardinian envoy to Rome,
and leave their sympathetic cards. You re
member that on occasion of Victor Emman
uel’s answer to the official request for annexa
tion to Piedmont, presented him by the Romag
nol delegates, Pope Antonelli gave his Majesty’s
Envoy “ notice to quit.” The Romans desired to
make a sympathetic “ demonstration" at his de
parture. The envoy desired naturally enough that
they should. General Guyon, commander of the .
French garrison at Rome, still more naturally if
possible, desired that they should not, and told
them as much in a printed proclamation. Though
every line of the warning was emphasised to the
sense of every Roman reader by a French regi
ment of the line, and pointed, so to speak, with
bayonets, he felt, though considerably more ad
monished than amused by the excess of the use
ful ingredient in its composition, that Horace
was an old fogy, and as to General Guyon, non
“omne tulit punctum." In fine, the day pre
ceding Della Minerva’s departure, there was a
constant procession to his residence, amid watch
ful and numerous French and Roman soldiers
and police posted along all the approaches to his
door, of, some say twenty, the most moderate
say ten thousand Romans, who went to leave their
cards or inscribe their addresses at his door.—
Most of the cards bore, besides the name of the
political visitor, the letters P. V. Here permit
me to note the curiously noteworthy fact that,
without newspapers, public meetings, or any of
the ordinary means of communication and unison
of action, the Italians from Venice to Naples
have some way, which no police can obstruct, of
arriving at the most singular unanimity of “man
ifestation” without apparent concert. Their
readiness to give and catch double meaning, and
allusive meaning, is an old characteristic of this
quick-witted people, that need not be dwelled
upon. Tho oabttlistio t‘. V. may signify pro It
sita or Pro Voto! or Pro Vittore !!
I have given above but a few of tbe crowd
ing indications of the critical state of things in
Italy. They all of them are of a grave nature.
Even this pasteboard “demonstration,” when
considered, at least in connection with the cir
cumstances under which it was made and with
antecedents of a like significance, would seem a
demonstration to any one not clerically blind,
(compared with which judicial sand and stone
blindness are sharpsighted,) that reform must
come sooner or later. Yet there is a party here
in France, made up of the more violent legitim
ists and ultra Romanists, led on by certain bish
ops and certain journalists, who resist change of
any kind, except backward to the state things
were in in Rome and Italy generally a year ago.
Government has, by “ invitation,” just put a stop
to the further publication and discussion in the
newspapers of the political manifestoes of the
bishops, that have made so much noise for the
past three weeks; but the printing and circula
ting of these episcopal “ articles” still go on in
other forms. They all drift one way, (that is
backward,) are all filled with
“ Strange screams of death ;
And prophecyine, with accents terrible
Os dire combustion and confused events
New hatched to the woful time,”
when the Vicegerent of the Prince of Peace,
the successor of poor Peter, shall have his mili
tary force diminished by one soldier, Swiss or
French, or his landed possessions reduced by
an acre, or his theocratic pretensions in purely
worldly affairs qualified in the slightest degree
by human legal restrictions. Os course they do
not admit that the Pope’s government is not the
best in the world —Monseigneur Dupanloup,
the ablest of the Bishops, has recently declared
that it is the best —but the direct inference from
their argument is, that though it were the worst,
it would be still be sacrilege to attempt to change
it. The sincerity of their opinions, I do not
question, though they admit no sincerity of
opinion in their opponents. The violence, not to
say vulgarity of their rhetoric, is patent. [M.
Dupanloup characterises M. About’s entertaining
Question Romaine as a“ vomiting of base calum
nies.” Their lack of practicality, however, is
remarkable. They are liberal in curses upon
Victor Emmanuel, Garibaldi, liberal journalists,
and whomever else they can charge with the
damnable guilt of shaking the temporal power
of his Holiness; they are unanimous and ardent
in their demand that the shaking should be put
an end to; but oddly enough, not one of them
proposes, much less demonstrates tho practical
possibility of a plan to stop the shaking.
The Emperor’s Bordeaux speech the other day,
in evident allusion to this logical weakness of
theirs, plainly hinted to them that they were
making a bad business worse ; that the best
means of saving the Papal temporal power is by
reforming it. That it will be diminished largely,
possibly restricted to a nominal sovereignty in
the Romagna, is an end to be hoped for. That it
will be preserved with some enforced reforms,
with the territory west of the Appenines, I have
not a doubt. That it should be so, is eminently
the interest both of France and Austria. Nei
ther of those great Catholic powers would for a
moment expose itself to the danger of seeing a
homeless Pope fix his residence in the domain
of the other —and in the domain of one or the
other, once ousted from Rome, fix himself he
must. But supposing that Franz Joseph and
Louis Napoleon should both show themselves so
strangely careless of their own and the Pope’s in
terests, no nation represented in the coming Con
gress would more strenuously advocate the lat-
ter than Protestant England. None of your his- j
torical readers will doubt the correctness of this
assertion which, therefore, I will not go about to
prove. . . .
I come now again to the actual political crisis \
in Central Italy. I have already mentioned the
presence here of Dabormida, the Sardinian Min- ;
ister of Foreign Affairs. Although the signa j
ture of the first of the series of Zurich treaties j
followed directly upon his conferences with At a
lewski and the 'Emperor, it is thought that his j
sudden journey to Paris was more closely con- ;
nected with the crisis than the treaty. Treaties
do not reach the case, and the Congress will be
too latetoreach it. The sensible Italians of the
centre discover no support against their falling
into anarchy and whatever worse may follow,
no escape from the thickening imbroglio already
referred to in this letter, than a real annexation
to Sardinia, or what comes to much tho same
thinng, a Sardi ian regency in the person of the
Prince of Carignano and the occupation of their
chief towns by Sardinian troops. They have
urged these measures upon Victor Emmanuel,
who is nothing loth to meet their wishes in this
respect, but has good reason for desiring first to
consult those of his formidable French friend—;
and hence M. Dabormida comes to Paris.
He had a long talk with the Emperor on Sun
day ; the Parmesan and Tuscan delegations had
a short one with him the same day. AA f !iat pas
sed between the interlocutors is a secret, but eye
witnesses of the “ smiling countenances" of the
Italians as they retired, judge that they were
well satisfied with the interview. These may
seem to you literally laughable indications to
cite in proof of the tendency of grave policy.—
My own persuasion of Napoleon’s favorable in
tentions toward Italy is based on the broad his
torical ground strewn with his acts from that
participation in the Ancona affair of 1837 to his
last Bordeaux speech. And yet it may be no
surer foundation, than the smiles on schooled di
plomatic faces. It is amusing to see, however,
how much is made of these facial signs nowa
days. When Lord Cowley, the British Ambas
sador, came back from Biarritz the other day,
watchful “ our correspondents" interpreted into
all sorts of peaceful meaning the smiling lines
of his Lordship’s countenance. Had his Excel
lency, at the moment of alighting at the door of
the Embassy in Rue Faubourg St. Honore, been
seized with a stomach ache or struck with a peb
ble on his “ favorite corn,” the Bourse might
have gone down on the strength of his very
face.
It is the curse of the present “ situation," and
the radical condemnation of this much-admired
Napoleonic autocracy, that the rights, wishes,
sacrifices of whole nations of men weigh less,
in our deliberation upon the immediate issue,
than the scowl or grin of two or three men.
But I am at the limit of my letter —my Trav
els in Paris, of which the first chapter is written
in hope of amusing your readers, and all notices
of current literature, crowded out by these weari
some political matters. I will make room for
one advertisement, which occupies a largo place
in several of the daily prints this week. Like
the advertisement I cited last week for the bene
fit of your lady patrons, this, which should in
terest your readers of both sexes, must lose
much of its effect by losing the typographical
ornaments of the original: “ Protin, Propagatem
Initiatem Matrimonial. Persons who desire to
marry, may apply with entire confidence to M.
Protin. They will always find in him an incor
ruptible morality, and the most scrupulous dis
cretion. His numerous advantages enable him
to satisfy all requirements of fortune or social
position, without his intervention ever being ap
parent. A large apartment in the second story,
with numerous outlets, permits customers to
enter and reiiie without ever meeting each
other. Five years of brilliant success are a
sufficient guarantee against malpractice on the
part of M. Protin.”
m
AVe extract from the late Report of the
Comptroller General, for record in our columns,
the following information relative to the endow
ment, funds, property, and appropriations for
The University of Georgia, from the date of its
origin to the preseut time:
University of Georgia—Franklin College.
—This institution, although first endowed by,
and belonging to the State, in consequence of
there having been so little legislation in relation
to it for many years past, has, in the popular
miud, at least, almost lost its distinctive charac
ter of being a State institution.
The first act, in relation to the University of
Georgia, was passed in 1784, at which time
forty thousand acres of land in two counties,
(then AVasliington and Franklin,) were author
ized to be surveyed and set apart “ for the en
dowment of a college or seminary of learning,”
and which said lands were vested in and granted
in trust to the Governor for the time being for
that purpose—and in 1785 anoiher act was
passed “ for the more full and complete estab
lishment of a public seat of learning in this
State.” This act incorporated and organized
the body known as “ the Trustees of the Unh
versity of Georgia.” It provided for a boarcl of
visitors to act in conjunction with the Trustees
in the management of the property, &c., of the
University ; provided for its government gene
rally, and organized and constituted the “ Sena
tus Academicus.” In 1798 it was provided by
the Constitution of the State, that “ the arts and
sciences shall be promoted iu one or more semi
naries of learning, and the Legislature shall, as
soon as conveniently may be, give such further
donations and privileges to those already estab
lished as may be necessary to secure the objects
of their institution; and it shall be the duty of
the General Assembly, at their next session, to
provide effectual measures for the improvement
and permanent security of the funds and endow
ments of such institutions.”
In the meantime, as the site of the University
had not been settled upon. Governor Milledge
proposed to donate six hundred acres of land to
the University as its site, provided it be located
at Atheus. This proposition having been accep
table to the Trustees, in 1802, the Legislature
passed an act appropriating five thousand dol
lars as a loan to the Trustees of the University
in aid of the funds of said institution, for erect
ing the college buildings, &c. In 1803, the
j Trustees were authorized and empowered to
sell certain land for the benefit of the Univer
sity ; and also to “ dispose of all such lots and
lands situate in and adjoining the site of the
University, as they might think proper, reserv
ing nevertheless the quantity of thirty-seven
acres of land for the college yard"—and in 1815,
the Trustees were authorized to sell the other
lands of the University, but the proceeds were
to be vested in bank stock. In the event said
lands were sold upon a credit, and bank stock
could not be immediately obtained upon the
bonds and mortgages for said land, by tho Trus
tees of said University depositing the whole
amount of said bonds and mortgages in the
State Treasury, the Governor was authorized to
advance two-thirds of the amount of said bonds
and mortgages to the Trustees to purchase bank
stock; the Trustees being prohibited from dis
posing of said bank stock, unless by consent of
the Legislature: but they were authorised to
use the proceeds or dividends of the same for
the support of the University. It may be pro
per here to remark, that in consequence of a
portion of the University land being found
afterwards to be within the limits of South Car
olina, only about thirty-five thousand acres
were made available. These thirty-five thou
sand acres sold for about one hundred and
forty thousand dollars in bonds and mortgages,
and upon which, (besides other loans,) the State
advanced one hundred thousand to purchase
stock for the University in the bank of the
State of Georgia. In 1816, a donation of two
hundred thousand dollars to build a Grammar
school-house was made, and a loan of ten thou
sand dollars, (six thousand of which was paid
back,) was authorised tc be made by the Gover
nor—the State to be reimbursed, (for the same,
and the five thousand previously borrowed,) out
of the proceeds of the bonds and mortgages for
the sale of the University land.
In 1821, the Trustees were authorized to re
ceive ten thousand dollars arising from the sale
of fractions previous to 1821, and the State
Treasurer was authorised to pay the Trustees
fifteen thousand dollars more out of the first
monies which might be paid on account of the
sale of the University lands, said sums to be
applied to the building of a new college edifice,
and a permanent annual endowment of eight
thousand dollars was guarantied to the Univer
sity, to be made up to that sum from the State
treasury when the dividends furnished by the
bank stock belonging to the University did not
equal that sum. In 1830, another loan of ten
thousand dollars was made, and an additional
annual appropriation of six thousand dollars
was made to the college, but it was repealed in
1811. It appears by the books in the Comp
troller General's office, that for several years da
ting back from 1839 to 1819, the bank stock of
tho University did not yield the annual endow
ment of eight thousand dollars as guarantied by
tho Act of 1821, consequently the State treasury
had to make up the deficiency. The deficiency
in 1839 was five hundred dollars; 1811, two
thousand five hundred dollars; 1812, eight thou
sand dollars; 1813, six thousand dollars; 1811,
four thousand dollars; 1815, six thousand dol
lars; 1816, two thousand dollars; 1817, two
thousand dollars; 1818, two thousand; and
1819, five hundred dollars—no call having been
made by the trustees since then upon the State
treasury for the deficiency. The following then
has been the appropriations by the State to the
University, viz:
1805 $ 5,000
1816, (balance,) 6,000
1816, bank stock 100,000
1821 25,000
1830 10,000
From 1831 to 2d May. 1812 63,000
From 1839 to 1819 33,500
$212,500
In addition to these appropriations by the
State, in 1802, Gov. Milledge gave the Univer
sity six hundred acres of land, which, (after re
serving thirty-seven acres for the college,) yield
ed the sum of thirty thousand dollars, which is
now vested in permanent stocks, bearing inter
est. During the same year, General James
Gunn, of Savannah, gave the college one thou
sand dollars. In 1817, Mr. John H. Marks, of
Jasper county, gave it one thousand dollars to
purchaso philosophical apparatus; and in 1854,
Dr. William Terrell, of Hancock county, gave
twentv thousand dollars in six per cent, bonds
to establish a Professorship of Agriculture. The
total endowment of tho Institution (not including
tho rent of the University lands, which went to
its support before the lands were sold) is, there
fore, as follows:
Amount received from the State $242,500
Governor Milledge’s donation 40,000
Gen. James Gunn’s donation 1,000
Mr. John 11. Marks’ donation 1,000
Dr. Terrell’s donation 20,000
Total $304,500
PRIME COST OF COLLEGE BUILDINGS, &C.
Old college... $20,000 Ground, 37 acres
New college ... 15,000 with enclosure
Philosoph’l Hall .6,000 fronting, cost,
Library Building.4,ooo 3,000 $13,000
Chapel 9,000
President’s liouse.6,ooo Tot'l real est. $156,500
Prof. Mell’sliouse.s,ooo assets, interest used
Prof. Johnson’s. .5,000 for support of ix-
Prof.Rutherford’s.3,ooo tiox.
Prof. Easter’s... .2,500 Bank Stock.. .100,000
Demosthen’n ha 11.4,000 Proc’s sales 10t5.30,000
Phi Kappa hall. .4,000 Terrell endwm’t.2o,ooo
Libraries 40,000
Philosophical ap- T0ta1,.... 150,000
paratus 10,000
Cabinet 4,000 Total value of
Astronom’l inst’s.3,ooo buildings, &c.,
Chemical appar’us.3,ooo and assets, .$306,500
-111 55
NEW BOOKS.
[We publish, often, under this head, a liet of new
publication «, carefully selected from all our exchanges.
The list embraces all works, Foreign as well as Domes
tic, which we think may be valuable, or to whieh cir
cumstances may give general or social interest, wheth
er Literary or Scientific, History or Fiction, Prose or
Poetry, Religious, Moral or Political. The notice simply
gives the title of the book, name of the author, place of
publication, and name of Publisher.]
The Crucible; or. Tests of a Regenerative State. De
signed to bring to light Suppressed Hopes, expose False
Ones, and Confirm the True. By. Rev. J. A. Goodhue,
A. M. With an introduction by Rev. E. N. Kirk, D. D.
Roston : Gould and Lincoln.
The Palace of the Great King, or, the Power, Wisdom,
and Goodnessof God, illustrated in the multiplicity and
variety of His works. By Rev. Hollis Read. New
York: Scribner and Co.
American Historical and Literary Curiosities. Sec
ond Series, containing De Bry's Engraving of Columbus,
never before copied, Documents of interest relating to
the various colonies, and many Original Mementoes of
the Revolution, with a variety of Relics, Antiquities,
and Autographs. Edited and arranged, with the assis
tance of several autograph collectors, by John Lay Smith.
New York : C. B. Richardson & Co.
The Logic of Political Economy, and other Papers.
By Thomas De Quincey. Boston : Ticknor & Fields.
Women Artists in All Ages and Countries. By Mrs.
Ellet. New York : Harper & Bros.
Life of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. By Alphonse
de Lamartine. New York: Sheldon & Co.
Entertaining Dialogues, designed for the use of Young
Students iu Schools and Academies. By Charles North
end, A. M. New York: Barnes & Burr.
At Home and Abroad : A Sketch-Book of Life, Scene
ry, and Men. By Bayard Taylor. New York: G. P.
Putnam.
Loss and Gain ; or, Margaret's Home. By Alice B.
Haven. New York : D. Appleton & Co.
The Old Stone Mansion. By Charles J. Peterson. —
Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson & Bros.
Cyelopa-dia Bibliographies: A Library Manual of
Theological and General Literature, and Guide to Books
for Authors, Preachers, Students and Literary Men—An
alytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By James
Darling.
The Manual of the Wardrobe ; a Complete Treatise on
the Branch of Domestic Economy; comprising a thor
ough dissertationbin dress ; an explanation of the different
kinds of stitches made in sewing, remarks upon the va
rious kinds and qualities of fabrics used in the wardrobe,
with complete directions for cutting and fitting all kinds
1 of garments for womens and children’s wear ; the prep-
aration of Table, Toilet, and Bed Linens. By Mrs. Pul
lan (Aijniillette), author of “The Lady's Manual of Fan
cy Work,” etc., Editor of “ The London Review,” and
“ The London and Paris Gazette of Fashion,” illustrated
with one hundred engravings of Patterns and Models.
New York : Wood A Co.
The Art of Danein? Historically Illustrated, to which
are added a few Hints on Etiquette : also, the Figures,
Music, and necessary instruction for the Performance of
the most Modem and Approved Dances, as executed at
the Private Academies of the Author. By Edward Fer
rerro. New York : Ross & Tou3ey.
English. —Quakerism, Past and Present. By John S.
Rowntree. London ; Smith, Elder & Co.
The Peculium : or, The Causes of the Decline of the
Society of Friends. By Thomas Hancock. London:
Smith, Elder & Co.
The United States and Cuba. By the Rev. James M.
Phillippo. London: E. Marlborough & Co.
ShakspearePapers: Pictures GraveandGay. By Wil
liam Maginn. London: Bentley.
The Caucasus and its People : with a Brief History of
their Wars, snd a Sketch of the Achievements of the re
nowned Chief Schamyl. By Louis Moser. London:
Nutt
Curiosities of War, and Military studies. By Thomas
Carter, Adjutant-General’s Office. London: Groom
bridge A Sons.
The British Timber Trees : their Rearing and Subse
quent Management in Woods, Groves and Plantations;
including Remarks on Soil and Situation, the General
Improvement of Landed Estates and Mountainous Dis
tricts: with Directions for the Measurement and Valua
tion of Standing Timber. By John Blenkarn. London:
Routledec.
The Imperial Atlas of Modern Geography , an Exten
sive Series of Maps, embracing the most Recent Discov
eries, and the latest Political Divisions of Territory, in
all parts of the world. Compiled from the most authen
tic sources, under the supervision of W. O. Blaekie, Ph.
D.. F. R. G. S. London and New York : Blaekie & Son.
The Study-Book of Medieval Architecture and Art.
By Thomas H. King. London: Bell.
The Stones of Etruria anil Marbles of Ancient Rome.
By George L. Taylor. London : Longman.
'Nature-Printed British Ferns ; being Figures and De
scriptions of the Species and Varieties of Ferns found in
the United Kingdom. Nature Printed by Henry Brad
bury. London: Bradbury.
The Genera and Species of British Butterflies, describ
ed and arranged according to the system now adopted in
the British Museum. By 11. Noel'llumphreys. Illustra
ted by Plates, in which all the Species and Varieties are
represented, accompanied by their respective Caterpil
lars, and the Plants on w hich they feed. London ; Jer
rard.
THE COFFEE TRADE.
Fifty years have elapsed since the first cargo
of coffee was shipped from Rio de Janeiro, and
now Brazil supplies two-thirds of the coffee of
the world.
In the province of Ilio de Jeneiro trees are
generally cut down every fifteen years. As a
general rule, they are not allowed to exceed
twelve feet in height, so as to be in reach.—
When the berry is ripe, it is about the size and
color of a cherry, and resembles it or a large
cranberry. Os these berries a negro can daily
collect about thirty-two pounds. There are
three gatherings in the year, and the berries are
spread out upon the pavements or a level por
tion of the ground, (the lereno,) from whence
they are taken when dry, denuded of the hull
by machinery, and afterwards conveyed to mar
ket. Nothing is more beautiful than a coffee
plantation in full and virgin bloom. The snowy
blossoms all burst forth simultaneously, and the
extended fields seem almost in a night to lay
aside their robe of verdure, and to replace it by
the most delicate mantle of white, which ex
hales a fragrance not unworthy of the descrip
tion of Eden. But the beauty is truly epheme
ral, for the snow-white flowers and the delight
ful odor pass away in twenty-four hours. [See
Brazil and the Brazilians, by Kidder Si Fletcher.]
It takes four to five years after planting them
before they will yield a crop of berries ; hence
the sudden rise or fall in prices cannot so suddenly
influence production, as is the cause with annual
crops from new plantations of sugar and cot
ton.
At the present time, owing to the high price
of slaves, no new estates can be formed, and
none have been Tor several years ; and it is sta
ted that there are not hands enough left in the
country to pick out a full crop.
There are some curious facts regarding the
preservation of coffee. It is said that the ber
ries readily imbibe exhalations from other sub
stances and occasionally acquire an unpleasant
flavor. Sugar placed near the berries, it is said,
in a short time impregnates them and injures
.their flavor.
A few bags of pepper on board a ship, bound
from India to England, spoiled a whole cargo
shipped somo time ago by Messrs. Maxwell,
Wright & Co., of this port, was completely ruin
ed by having been in a vessel which had pre
viously carried creosote.
The process of roasting berries requires care
and skill. If burnt, the coffee is spoiled, impar
ting a bad taste, and making it heavy and indi
gestible when drank. Again, if underdone, the
water fails to extract the nourishing material of
the coffee, and its infusion is so weak as to prove
unpalatable. In all Cairo, in Egypt, there was
said to be but one good coffee parcher.
The berries should be roasted until they be
come of a uniform brown chestnut color.
No family should ever purchase ready ground
coffee, which is liable to adulteration with chick
ory, beans, corn, rye, See., Sec.. The berries
should be bought green, and parched and ground
at home as wanted
The climate of Brazil is highly favorable to
the cultivation of coffee, the trees yielding near
ly double of those in the garden of the Convent
of St. Antonio. Brazil was then governed by
tke Marquis de Lavadio as a Viceroy. The first
fruits of the tree were next presented to the
Marquis, who distributed them among the most
respectable planters, explaining to them the ad
vantages of adding another valuable article to
the produce of the country; but, being strong
in their prejudices in favor of sugar and indigo,
few took pains to cultivate it, and hence its pro
gress was slow. In 1808 Don Joas VI. fled
from Portugal to Rio de Jeniero, and soon after
opened the port to foreign trade. The annual
crop then did not exceed 30,000 bags of ICO
pounds each —or 480,000 pounds. Although
the revolution in St. Domingo had overthrown
its culture there, Cuba and Jamaica continued,
to some extent, to supply the trade. In 1820, its
increase in Brazil had swelled to 100,000 bags.
The decrease of supply, by the desolation of St.
Domingo, caused it to reach the enormous price
of 148 s. per cwt., or nearly 37$ c. per pound, in
London, in the years 1817 and 1821. This great
price stimulated the production in Brazil.
The growth of Brazil, by 1854, reached the
astounding quantity of 400,000,000 pounds,
while the production in the British West India
Islands has rapidly declined since the emanci
pation of the slaves in 1834, as will be seen by
the following table:
In 1848 the British West India Is
lands yielded - $10,000,000
In 1853, 1854 and 1855, they yield
ed only ----- 5,"000,000
Jamaica, in 1834, (the year the
Emancipation Act was declared
in the Islauds,) amounted to - £1,8,268,183
The same result will be seeti by this as that
which followed emancipation in St. Domingo.
The first import of Brazil coffee into the
United States was made in 1809, which con
sisted of 1809 bags, landed at Salem by the ship
Marquis de &>meriutus.
In 1856 the whole sum paid by the United
States fbr coffee was $21,514,916, of which
Brazil received no less than $16,091,714. —A. '
1". Times.