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couraged. Those who stoop to it, are always
degraded.
We have of late observed with great pleas
ure some symptoms which lead ns to hope that
respectable literary men of all parties are be
ginning to be impatient of this insufferable nui
sance. And we purpose to do what in ns lies
for the abating of it.
We do not think we can more usefully assist
in this good work, than by showing our honest
countrymen what that sort of poetry is which
puffing can drive through eleven editions; and
how easy any bellman might, if a bellman would
stoop to the necessary degree of meanness, be
come • a master-spirit of the age.’
[For the Southern Field and Fireside.]
THE BATTLE OF LIFE.
The battle of life —
With its whirl and its strife.
Its thorns and its roses so rare:
The held of the slain—
And the sunshine and rain.
Oh! who shall its secrets declare r
'Tis a mvst'ry rare—
• With its gloom and its glare,
A race from its morn to its eve:
The living and dead—
And the hopes that are fled,
rnravcl the web which we weave.
The glory of youth—
With a semblance of truth,
Soon dies like a ware of the sea:
’Tis riches and gold—
In the hearts of the old.
The parasite sapping the tree.
The battle of life—
for the widow and wife,
lias many a token of ill;
And hopes of a day—
Like the meteor's play,
Flash out, and forever are still!
The wine on the lip—
Yes, the sweetest wc sip,
Will leave, like the serpent, a sting;
For the joys and bliss—
Os a world such as this,
Depart like a bird on the wing!
Clio.
OUR FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Americans abroad desponding—Slavery and the Slavery
question—the Negro race in the West Indies—Gloomy
forebodings for the American patriot—Agricultural
productions in the East Indies—Anecdote of Gen.
Oglethorpe—Another war brewing in Europe—Prus
sia, Austria, Venice, Italy—False position of Prussia
and Germany—ltalians resolved upon Independence
or Death—Speculations upon the remedy for Italian
evils—The capacities and incapacities of the German
race.
Mc.nicii, Feb. 41, 1860.
Messrs. Editors: The scenes going on at
home cause one to doubt seriously whether we
shall prove ourselves capable of an honest re
publican government. If this be true of white
men, what shall be said of the people of color?
And what of the one-idea fanatics who only see
one brilliant spot, while, to their distempered
fancies, all without that little circle is dark and
desolate ? One conviction seems to be wanting
in the North, even among the avowed friends of
the South, and that is, that if they had the warm
climate and wo the cold, wo should change
places. They would cultivate cotton by slave
labor, and we should build ships and manufac
ture raw materials. One other conviction they
should endeavor to acquire. It is that under
no possible condition which the most intelligent
philanthropy could assign to the negro race,
would they be so well off as they now are, and
that thero is no proper place in our country for
free negroes, who aro rejected by Gods and
men. That the English—reasoning from the
thriftless and ruinous practices of their plan
ters in the West Indies should entertain strong
prejudices is not surprising, for they are igno
rant of our condition. They know that in
eleven of the West India Islands, the colored
population decreased from 558,000 to 479,000,
during the twelve years preceding the # manu
mission in 1832, and that, including the seven
other islands, the decrease was not far from
100,000 persons, there being in all about 800,000
subject to the act of parliament. What a con
trast to our slavery, where (I think I quote cor
rectly from the work of Mr. Caiy, of Philadel
phia,) some 400,000 or 500,000 imported slaves
have increased to a few millions. The travels
of Mr. Henry Grattan, formerly British Consul
in Boston, will show you the melancholy results
of manumission in Jamaica—bad as the treat
ment of slaves was there. I was in one of these
islands soon after the act of Parliament went
into effect, and could tell you sad tales of tho
servants thus released from the wholesome res
traints of family discipline.
Unless the Northern people can be induced
to regard the surrender of fugitive slaves not
only as an act of high and imperative public
duty, but as the best thing for the slave, we may
look for yet more trouble ahead. While the
fanatics are vigilant and audacious, quiet and
good men at the North seem to bo aftlicted witft
a deplorable irresolution and timidity. The
abuse of the South in the English papers flows
in a pretty steady and full stream. A little
sweet water was mixed with it the other day—
in only one or two papers —in the shape of a
speech of Smith O’Brien, in Dublin, who said
that in a tour of a few thousand miles through
the Southern States, he saw no instances of
cruelty to slaves, and that he should not be
aware, from any act or circumstance that came
under bis observation, of the existence of slave
ry in the States. We have a favorite popular
cry that “The people are governed too much!”
I do not think that any class of persons in our
republic are governed half enough! Os good
government you cannot have too much, nor too
strict an enforcement of good laws and regula
tions.
Apropos of English newspapers, I read in an
official report on cultivation in the East Indies,
that that of cotton pays less than all other
things, and that the average product clean
cotton to the acre has been but 90 lbs. Mean
while the oil seeds have risen in value since tho
war in the Crimea 300 per cent., and cereals
from 130 to 200 per cent
In a late number of the Edinburgh Review
is the notice of a book written in 1775, by a
Rev. Mr. Campbell, ah Irish (not Scotch) clergy
man, describing his visit to London. By some
strange mischance, the MSS. of this work, has
lately turned up in Australia, where it was
found among some old Court records. I quote
the following mention of General Oglethorpe.
“April 10, 1775. Rain, but not enough to
soften the asperity of the weather. Dined with
Gen. Oglethorpe, who was in lieu of aid-de-camp
(for he had no such officer about him,) to Prince
Eugene, and celebrated by Mr. Pope. Dr. John
son pressed him to write his life, adding that no
life in Europe was so well worth recording.
The old mau excused himself, saying that the
life of a private man was not worth public no
tice. He, however, desired Boswell to bring
olmannrlr that ho mierht reool
XKX SOVXBXXJt YXXL9 &ST9 FXEEBXHX.
leet dates, and seemed to excuse himself on the
article of Incapacity. Boswell begged him only
to furnish the skeleton and Dr. Johnson would
supply the flesh and sinews. I He would be a
good doctor," says the General, * who would do
that.’’ 1
European politics is becoming very compliea- I
ted—
“ A mighty maze, but not without a plan.”
The dominating will and energy of Napoleon
may avert the gathering storm, but the Germans
are incapable of estimating a character to whom
progress is a necessary condition of exieteuce,
and it is much to be apprehended that their
wild theories and ill regulated enthusiasm will,
ere long, precipitate events into a state of war.
Prussia has a population of 18,000,000, of whom
two-thirds are protestants and the reigning fami
ly is protestant The Pope, by his encyclical
letter and other measures, is preaching of a re
ligious war, and Prussian protestants, opposed
to him and the Roman sway, are ready to play
directly into his hands. In other words, if Sar
dinia and Northern and Central Italy succeed in
establishing a kingdom with a population of
12,000,000, it is hardly possible to imagine that
many months will elapse without coming to
blows along tho ill defined and open frontiers of
Lombardy and Yenetia. The Venetians, wretch
ed and desperate while their brethren are free
over the border, the counsels of their exiles, the
feverish condition of the Roman Marshes, and
of Naples as well as Sicily—these and abundant
other causes show that hostilities may be re
commenced at any time. Such is the feeling,
and the note of preparation is sounded on all
hands. Now, I beg you to observe that, if Ve
netia is in danger of being wrested from Austria,
Protestant Prussia will probably lead the troops
of the Gennanic confederation to defend it for
Austria as a German frontier, and by so doing
she will help to re-establish the Pope in his
temporal power, 91 which the sceptre seems
about to fall from his grasp. That is just the
quarter from which the wind now sets in, al
though Austria is only represented in the Con
federation by some 8,000,000 of her population,
and though Germany has no more right to inter
fere with Yenetia, which is out of the Confeder
ation, than the United States have. Some years
since Prussia desired to have Posen, and Au
stria wished to have her possessions in Italy an
nexed to the German Confederation. The con
summation of this plan was frustrated by the
energetic protests of the other powers that were
parties to the treaties of 1815. Now, to con
ceive how preposterous is the claim oT Germany
to regard Yenetia as a frontier, suppose Russia
were to attack Prussian Poland, where Posen
I lies. It is not even pretended that Austria, if
i called upon, would march to the defence of this
1 province. She would snap her fingers at the
proposition, and consult simply her owir inter
est and the immemorial hatred she bears to
: Prussia.
> Mark well, I pray you, tho situation. The
■ flight of the victorious eagles of Napoleon was
> arrested by the treaty of Yillafranca last snm
’ mer—whose fault was it? It was the mobiliza
i tion of six of the eight army corps of Prussia,
l that stayed Napoleon in his swift career. A
l Protestant power, jealous of its own liberty,
’ timid and cautious, but abounding in lofty phra
f ses about tho spread of knowledge and the as
i sertion of human rights, struck a blow at Italian
i liberty, from which it may not recover for a cen
> tury. If it does rally, and with or without the
■ aid of France hurl defiance at its enemies—no
r thanks to Prussia, no thanks to Germany, that
• follows where she leads. It was not the Prince
! Regent of Prussia who fostered this war-like
feeling, springing, as it did, from ignorance and
l passion and hatred of France. Prussia was at
first quiet and was disposed to remain so. The
l ferment began in Southern (Roman Catholic)
i Germany, where the people don't take more
• than one step in advance in a century. Far
: from it—they went back fifty years and fancied
that they saw the avenging shade of the Great
Napoleon threatening them. There were family
alliances—thero were millions invested in the
Austrian funds, and soon the middle and lower
classes lashed themselves into fury. The pesti
lent and contemptible little kingdom of Hano
ver—no one knows why—caught the contagion
and propagated it to Western Prussia, from
whence it traveled toward the East. Unhappi
ly that frenzy has not yet subsided, and hence
arises the present danger.
It seems to me that another war is inevitable,
and only a question of time. There never was
a power which understood better than Austria
the art of “ recoiling in order the better to leap
forward again.” If she does not try conclusions
again on the plains of Lombardy or in the Marsh
es, she has given good-bye to her traditions, and
is simply no longer Austria! You may apply to
the Emperor the maxim—“ Quern Devs vuU per
dere, prius dementat.” That maxim was prob
ably first written for a character like his—ob
stinate, of narrow conceptions, exalted pride
and imperious will! On the other hand, the
Italians are preparing far all emergencies, and
have deliberately made up their minds that it is
better to die on the field of battle than in dun
geons or in exile, or to drag out the wearisome,
profitless and hopeless existence to which they
have so long been condemned. Napoleon said
that Marshal Ney was always equal to 10,000
men on a battle field. Either Victor Emanuel
or Garibaldi or Cavour are worth more to Italy
than that, for they have inspired a whole people
with the sacred fervor that glows in their own
bosoms.
Nor can I well conceive the existence for any
length of time of a Kingdom of Sardinia, com
prising Central and Northern Italy, with Vene
tia included—with the exclusion of Venice —the
Queen of the Adriatic, crouching under the lash
of the oppressor, and weeping among her silent
and deserted palaces. No one but a prophet
can describe her present desolation. I almost
wish that our owu country, forgetting her inter
nal dissension, would rise up in the cause of op
pressed humanity, and throw her sword into
the trembling scale. How can Venetia, I re
peat, see so much liberty in a coterminous
State, peopled, in part, by her own children,
and not make desperate efforts for herself?
How can that arbitrary frontier described by the
treaty of Yillafranca, be long respected ? And,
with the Romagna and the Legations free, can
it be imagined that the remainder of the Papal
possessions will remain as they are ? The stake
to be played for is a high one. Italian consti
tutional liberty on one side; on the other, all
that remains to Austria in Italy, her prestige in
the eyes of Europe, and all that remains subject
to the Pope, except the Duchy of Benevento —
not to speak of the possible consequences to
Naples and Sicily. If the Cabinet of Lord
Palmerston were strong enough to declare that,
coute qui coute, they, with the French, would
aid the Italians, with physical force, against
all comers—this impending struggle would, at
least, be postponed, and it might, in the end, by
the sale of Yenetia, be altogether averted.
For my own part, I can never forgive Ger
many f, { the part she is acting in an issue
which concerns neither her honor nor her inter
ests. Their confederation has no more to do
with Venetia and Lombardy, than it has with
the Roman States. The scope of its* action is
strictly limited and specified in terms. The
Germans have been immensely overrated, and
they have overrated themselves. They are
i mainly deficient in quick perception, in “ plain
common sense,” and in clear-sighted political
sagacity. It would be a strange anomaly, the
fierce invective against the French, and the hot
haste to march on Paris last summer, m a people
of cloudy and speculative theories—theories
that bewilder, not enlighten—were it not for a
pride and self conceit, always the companion of
ignorance, and proof against everything except
rifled cannon. They have patient and profound
scholars, but in other things besides theology,
every one knows they are the most unsafe of all
guides. Os all their ponderous volumes of his
tory, how many are read, and how many can
compare with the world-renowned histores of
English and American writers? Students of
German history assure me it is heavy work—
and Carlyle, with alll his German proclivities,
finds not words enough to condemn the moun
tains of unprofitable books which the German
“ Dryasdusts” have accumulated.
Tours faithfully, J. L. L.
[For the Southern Field and Fireside.]
THE PROPER TRAINING OP WOMAN.
An article appeared, some time ago, in the
columns of the Field and Fireside, (see ante, page
179,) entitled ‘ Woman —Her True Destiny and
Proper Training,” in which the writer, after
proving by both reason and revelation, that the
true destiny of woman is to become a wife and
mother, objects .to the course of intellectual
training now adopted to a considerable extent
by the higher classes of society for their daugh
ters. He says, “The tendency of the times is
to place a false estimate upon the character of
woman, intellectually and socially considered.”
Aad again, “ Her notions of intellectuality have
thus been elevated too often far above tho vital
force of her physical powers, and she and her
tutors, forgetting that a hoalthy physical con
formation has as much, or more, to do with her
happiness and usefulness in society as abstruse
scientific knowledge, have in too many instances
prostrated both health and intellect in the vain
pursuit of learning.”
While justly condemning a system of educa
tion which would produce such results, this wri
ter seems not to be aware that it has already
been proved that there is no necessary connec
tion between a college course of education and
pale looks and bodily weakness. Has it not
been satisfactorily demonstrated by a student of
Cambridge, who has performed feats of personal
strength sncli as have never before been wit
nessed since Sampson and Hercules astonished
the ancient world, that the physical education
of man can be carried on simultaneously with
the development of the mind ? When, as in
many of our scientific expeditions, men have
been subjected to the severest privations and
hardships, who were those that displayed the
greatest powers of physical endurance? Were
they the men in whom a physical education
preponderated, or the officers whose minds had
been cultivated as well as their bodies?
And if this has been the result of combined
mental and physical cultivation in man, why
may not such a system produce the like results
in woman? Surely her physical powers need
suffer no more than man's by the cultivation of
her intellect. What if she does devote six, or
even eight hours of the twenty-four to hard
study, has she not as many more beside what
are required for necessary rest, to attend to the
development of tho body ? And may not a just
mingling of physical and mental exercises, a
systematic training of the powers both of body
and mind, tend to the greater perfection of both,
and by causing them to react on each other,
produce a being better fitted for the duties of a
wife and mother than she could possibly be if
either of these was neglected ? Is it sufficient
to satisfy the cravings of woman’s nature that
she is admired and cherished by man as a piece
of exquisite statuary, wLich his innate love for
the beautiful leads him to protect from harm ?
Is she willing that, while he values her as the
mother of his children, and the careful mistress
of his household, that he should always seek
for society elsewhere when he wishes intellec
tual enjoyment?
Does she not desire to bo honored by her hus
band, as well as to be loved and cherished ? And
how is she to be thus honored if her intellect is
not cultivated even as his? Where is the man
who has been blessed with an intelligent and
giftod mother, who does not acknowledge her
forming hand in those traits of character of
which he is justly proved ? On the contrary,
what are the opinions entertained of woman by
those whose mothers were ignorant, or imbecile?
Is it not the want of mental cultivation in moth
ers, that often causes boys, sometimes at an ear
ly age, to sneer at their principles, disobey their
commands, and seek to escape from the whole
some restraints of the domestic circle, to spend
their time in the debasing society of tho bar
room, or other hauuts of vice with which our
villages and cities usually abound?
The writer of the article we have referred to,
after paying a just tribute to one of England’s
most gifted women, and which seems somewhat
at variance With the ideas he has previously ad
vanced, proceeds to draw a picture of
womanly love and devotion, and declares this to
be his beau ideal of female excellency .$ but did
it not occur to him while delineating this imagi
nary piece of perfection, that the model wife he
sketches would be far better able to minister to
the “ husband who has fallen from the hights of
other days, and is down-trodden in the vale of
life,” if possessed of a cultivated intellect ?
Where intellectual culture has been neglected,
or imperfectly given, and want and destitution
come upon those who have known better days,
as is too often the case in these times of wild
speculation, the husband broken in health and
spirits, and the dependent children clinging to
her whose heart yearns over them with all the
fulness of a mother’s love—what resource is left
to her but the health destroying, ill-paid drudge
ry of the needle ? But if, in youth, her intel
lectual powers have been properly cultivated
the various fields of literature spread before her
anxious gaze, and without any feeling of degra
tion, she can enter them, and thus prove a Help
meet to her husband; while an approving con
science enables her to calmly smile at the con
temptuous epithets of “ book-warm and the blue
stocking.”
There are Seminaries in our land where wom
an is trained physieally, intellectually, and mo
rally, for her station is a wife and mother; and
why may they not be multiplied till the prejudice
against intellectual culture, of such writers as
the one whose articlq we have considered, are
removed.
Florida. E. C. B.
—i»> ■
A life of Robert Owen, the socialist, is an
nounced as in preparation by Mr.' Wm. Sar
geant, and will be issued by the same house
(Messrs, Smith A Elder) that brought out his
former book, “Social Innovators and their
Schemes," last season.
[For the Southern Field and Fireside.]
DON’T GO nr DEBT!
Come, man, hold up your head! Why so
downcast ? There you sit, your brows knit to
gether, your eyes gazing fixedly on the floor,
and-your pale cheek leaning on your emanated
hand) In love? What? Well, what, then, is
the matter? Debt! Ah! another victim to the
ruthless tyrant! Yes! and that is the way he j
treats all who place themselves under his do
minion ! But cheer up! cheer up, man ; don’t j
give way to despondency! Don't fret! All
your regrets, all your self-condemnation will not
pay one cent you owe, and remember, it must
be paid, and the longer you owe it the more you
will have to pay.
Debt —the most tyrannical and unrelenting of
masters—is soon surrounded by a numerous
progeny of hideous, serpent-like troubles, that
writhe and hiss and sting the unfortunate vic
tim of its thrali! It places a man in the way of
an hundred temptations to do wrong. Thoughts j
which, in the calmer moments of his life, his
lofty spirit would stifle and crush, unawed, now
rise in bis unhappy mind, and boldly assume
its empire. Inclinations which, under other 1
circumstances, the iron hand of his will would
curb and restrain, carry him, trembling and but
faintly resisting, to the very verge of destruc
tion. Schemes, plots, and plans, which at one !
time his high integrity would have scorned,
loathed, and detested, are now scanned, weigh
ed, and calculated, with the cooluess of despe
ration. False representations, shirks, and tricks
which he had formerly supposed the artifices of
mean and depraved men only, now afford him a
shelter and hiding-place; and.deeds which are
countenanced by the world, but contemned by
true honesty as ryean, are daily resorted to, to
shun the of his folly.
We speak of men of feeling, of native integri
ty and honesty; not of that class who wilfully,
and deliberately deprive men of their property,
without the intention of restoring it, and whoso
names are connected with many instances of
violated trust. We speak of those who feel the
danger and degradation of their unhappy situa
tion, and tremble at the sight—net of those
who wilfully plunge into it ten times deeper and
deeper into the mire, and seem to actually glory
in their infamy.
To you, then, young man or old, who are in
the former situation, we say, cheer up 1 ! Go to
work—labor diligently, faithfully, and continual
ly I The mountain may seem a mass of solid
rock, but the ceaseless water-dropping will hol
low its way through I The time may be long,
the task difficult, the labor irksome—but go on,
go on. You will finally succeed! Remember
every blow is for liberty 1 Let it nerve your
arm and strengthen your spirit! When the
task is over, and the end accomplished, in the
brightness and glory of your regained indepen
dence, remember your present despondency;
and should you again be brought to this tempta
tion, go and beg your bread, but do not go in
debt! “James."
- ——■
CHESS COLUMN.
ENDGAMES.
Towards the end of games, the kings are the
most useful pieces for the support of pawns
which it is proposed to conduct to the eighth
rank, or the opposite border row of squares. It
is usually upon the more or less skillful play
of the respective kings, and their more or less
advanced position upon the chess board, that
the result of the game depends. Care should
therefore, be taken, especially when there are
no pieces upon the board which could compel
the king to retrogado, to move the king in ad
vance, for the purpose either of protecting the
pawns which are advancing to the eighth rank,
or to oppose the adversary king, and prevent
him from penetrating into your game. By the
word “oppose” is meant here the putting and
keeping your king as near to the other king as
the rules of the game will admit of, that is to
say, with only one square intervening. The
player who arrives the first at this opposition,
other things being equal, ha 3 the advantage;
provided the adversary has no other piece to
play by which the firfit may lose this advantage
of position. For the second player must either
maintain himself in this opposition by moving
his king always at a distance of one square from
the other king, in which case there will be a
drawn gamo, or he must retrograde, in which
case he almost always loses the game.
End Game I.
(De la Boordonnais, page 144.)
King and Pawn against King.
This end-game will prove a lost or a drawn
game, according to positions.
POSITION.
white. black. ,
King on f 4 King on f 6
Pawnonfs
*
MOVES.
WHITE. BLACK.
1 King f 4—e 4 King f 6—f 7
2 King e 4—e 5 King f 7—e 7
3 Pawn f s—f 6 f King e 7—f 7
4 King e s—f 5 King f 7—f 8 (2)
6 King f s—e 6 King f B—e 8 (3)
6 King e 6—f 5 King e B—f 7 (4)
7 King f 6—g 5 King f 7—f 8 (5)
8 King g s—g 6 King f B—g 8
9 Pawn f 6—f 7 f King g B—f 6
( Fiji iation .)
4 King e s—f 5 King f 7-, -e 8 (7)
5 King f s—e 6 King e B—f 8 {
6 Pawn f 6—f 7 ‘ King f B—g 7
7 King e 6—e 7 (8) Lost.
NOTES.
(1) The king should always be made to retire in face
of the adversary's pawn, in order to be able to oppose
king to king.
(4) If the Blacks had retired with their queen to the
square gß,or to the square e 8, they would have lost
the game. (See Variation.)
(8) If, in this position, the Whites shonld advance the
pawn, they would not be able to support it without In
curring stale mate.
(4) The successful defence of the Blacks depends upon
their opposing theii-klng to the king of the Whites;
for the latter would win the game if they can manage
to op|iose their king to that of the Blacks.
(5) The Blacks continue to retire in face of the pawn,
which soon conducts to a drawn game.
(6) The White king is compelled to abandon tha
pawn, otherwise the Blacks will get stale mate.
(7) If the Blacks had played king f T—g 8, the Whites
would win the gamo by playing king f s—g 6.
(9) By these examples it may bo seen that, in order to
defend this game, the player having the king only, mast
always retire in face of the adversary's pawn; and that
in oraer to coudnct a pawn successfully to the eighth
rank and get back a queen, care must be taken that the
pawn, on arriving at the seventh row, (within one of the
border row) should not give check; for if it give check
the single king retires behind the pawn, and there is
stale-mate: whereas. If the pawn, on arriving at the
seventh row, docs not give check, tho single king ob
liged to move, is forced to abandon the opposition, and
allow the advance of the pawn to the eighth rank, or
qneen row.
When the pawn finds itself upon the line of the rooks,
the single king shonld occnpy the line of the bishop, so
as to prevent the adverse king from occupying a square
of the line of the knight, and so conducting the pawn to
the eighth rank.
———L.l-.. . " . j\- 3
Exd-Game 11.
(De la Bourdonnnis, page 14&)
A Kitty and two Puwns against a King and <m
Paten.
This game is usually won by the player who
bas the two pawns together, because, with
those two pawns, he forces the adversary king
to abandon the opposition, and this affords him
; the opportunity of taking the pawn of the ad
versary, and of conducting his own pawns to
the eighth rank.
Yet there are cases in which the king having
the single pawn can maintain himself in oppo
i sition, and make it a drawn game.
POSITION’. (1.)
WHITE. BLACK.
King on e 4 ' King on e 6
Pawn on f 4 Pawn on g 6
: Pawn on g 5
MOVES.
! WHITE. BLACK,
j 1 King e 4—d 4 King e 6—d 6 (2)
2 King d4—d3 King d6—d7 (3)
j 3 King d 3—e.3 King d 7—« 7 (4)
4 King e 3—d 4 King e 7—d 6
5 King d 4—e 4 King d 6—e 6 (5)
First Variation.
1 King e 4—d 4 King e 6—f 5
2 King d 4—e 3 King f s—e 6 (6)
3 Kjpg e 3—e 4 King e 6—d 6 (7)
4 Pawn f 4—f 5 Pawn g6—fs:f(B)
5 King e 4—f 5: King d 6—e 7
6 King f s—g 6 King e 7—f 8 (6)
7 King g 6—h 7 (9) Lost game.
Second Variation.
1 King e 4—d 4 King e 6—d 6
2 King d 4—d 3 King d 6—d 5
3 King d 3—e 3 (10) King ds—e6
4 King e 3—e 4 King e6—d6(ll)
5 Pawn f 4—f 5 King d 6—e 7
0 Pawn f s—f 6-f (12) King e 7—e 6
7 King e 4—d 4 King e 6—d 6(13)
8 Pawn f 6—f 7 King d 6—e 7
9 King d 4—e 5 King e 7—f 7
10 King e s—d 6 King f 7—f 8
11 King d6—e6 King f B—g7 *
12 King e 6—e 7 King g 7—g 8
13 King e 7—f 6 King g B—h 7
14 King f 6—f 7 King h 7—h 8
15 King f 7—g 6: King h B—g 8
16 King g6—f6 King gß—f 8
17 Pawn g s—g 6 (14) Lost game.
NOTES.
(I.) In this position of the pieces, if the Blacks were
to have the first move, the Whites would win the ;
if the Whites move first, the game will be drawn.
(*.) If the Blocks hod played king e B—f 8, the Whites
would have gained the move upon the Blacks, and won
the game. (See let Variation.)
(8.) If the Blacks had played king d 6—d 6, they
would have lost the game, (Sec 2d Variation.)
(4) The Blacks are preparing to oppose the adversa
ry's king, when It shall be advanced either to square e 6
or square d S.
(&) Now, If the Blacks make the right moves, the
game will be drawn.
(«.) If the. Blacks had played king f s—g 4, thev
would have lost the game.
(7.) If the Blacks had played their king to the square
e 7, or to the squared 7, It would have become right for
the White! to play their king opposite the Black king,
in order to take bis ptwn.
(8.) The Blacks might have declined taking the pawn.
(See id Variation .) 1
(9.) The Blacks have lost the game. Remark that, al
ways when the king la in front of his pawn, the adver
sary cannot prevent him from reaching the eighth rank
or queen-row.
(•*•) T®? White* gain the move on the Blacks, be
cause the latter cannot play their king opposite the
White king. The Block king must poeitivefyretreat,
either to the sonore o «, or to the square d «; *hd in ei -
ther caae, the White king may gain the opposition on
him. ,
(U.) If the Black king hail retired to square e7,or to
square d 7, the Whites should have kept their king con
stantly opposite the Black king. 8
(12.) If the Whites had taken the pawn of the Blacks
with theirs, the game would hare been drawn.
(18.) In this position the Blacks have the move upon
the Whites, since they may oppose their king to that of
the Whites. But by sacrificing s pawn, the Whites may
regain the more on the Blocks, and a single pawn will
suffloe to enable them to win the game.
(14.) The Whites may now, without opposition, push
their pawn on to the eighth or queen-row, and regain
their queen.
—sis
TROT AND THE GRECIAN HORSE
Since writing the above, it has been suggested
to me that the true meaning of the ‘Grecian horse’
story may not be generally known to your read
ers. For the benefit of those who have either
never read the ‘ Iliad,’ oV do not read it under-
I would state that Homer, the au
thor, was a Greek, who wrote a poetical account
of the seige of Troy. After ten years war, the
Greeks are represented as having succeeded by
a stratagem. They manufactured an immense
wooden horse and during the night carried it to
the gates of Troy, and there left it, filled inside
with armed men. In the morning the Trojans,
curious to know how the structure was put to
gether, took it in for examination, when the
Greek soldiers rushed out and opened the gates
to the Grecian army, which thus aided from
within, they easily took, pillaged and destroyed
the city.
This story is a poetical allegory. No wooden
structure, sufficiently large to contain men
enough for such an enterprise, could have been
carried through the gates of a walled town.—
We must therefore look below the surface for
the true meaning, which is plain enough. Be
tween the Greeks and Trojans there existed
for many years “an irrepressible conflict.” The
Greeks were the inventors of letters and the
schoolmasters of those times. The Trojans
were curious, had a thirst for learning, and in an
evil hour imported Grecian teachers and school
masters, who demoralized the young minds of
Troy, and the result was the destruction of their
city and their enslavement by the Greeks.
Moreover the ‘Grecian horse’ was ‘an ar
ticle of Grecian manufacture,’ and the story con
veys the further lesson that the destruction of
Troy was in great part caused by her using
Grecian manufactures instead of wearing her
own homespun. The taking in the ‘ Grecian
horse ’ was what southern planters are now
doing, viz: buying Ohio-raised horses and
mules, instead of raising them at home.
The Latin poet, Virgil, in his great Epic,
makes the fugitive tineas, in the bitterness of
grief for the captivity and dispersion of his
countrymen, exclaim que regioin terra nostri non
plena laboris , meaning “ what region of the earth
is not full of our sufferings (or sorrows).”
J have somewhere read or heard of a great
northern statesman, misled by the similarity of
the latin word ‘ laboris ’te the English word
‘labor,’ quoting this line as applicable to the
prosperity of New England manufactures, as if
the poet’s meaning had been, ‘ what region is
not full of our manufactures ” (labor).
Whether the quotation was a happy one, or
not, on that occasion, certain it is the tvords
were not originally intended as a vaunt of man
ufacturing prosperity, but on the contrary—an
exclamation of woe for the gradual impoverish
ment and ruin of Troy, caused by buying from
tbe Greeks instead of manufacturing their own
boots, shoes, calicoes, Ac., Ac.—[AVIA Georgia
Times.
355