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FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
Tabic of Weights amt Measures.
Bushel*. Lbs. Bushels. Lbs.
'Vhc.it i. 00 Oluc Grass Seed...l4
Shelled corn 56 Buckwheat 52
Gorn in the car 70 Dried peaches 08
Peas. 00 Dried apples ..24
Rye..:-.. 50 Onion -. ....57
Oats 32 Salt GO
Barley ; -.47 Stone coal 88
Dish Potatoes 08 Malt 40
Sweet Potatoes 55 Bran 20
White" Beans ..58 Turnips.. 55
Castor Beans 46 Plastering Hair 8
'"lover Seed 00 Unslacked Lime...Bo
Timothy Seed 40 Corn Meal W 7
Flax Seed 56 Fine Salt 54
Hemp Seed 44 Ground Peas ....23
(hi fPHiiiiilg.
The subject of pruaning trees and
vines of all kinds, the mode and the
time, and the amount of pruning to be
done, is receiving attention from
pomologists. As might be expected
from the various experience or theories
of observers, r.nd the stand point from
which they draw their conclusions, there
is much diversity of opinion, some
Condemning it altogether, and others
advocating the free use of the knife.—
These discrepancies are more apparent
than real, if we keep in mind the true
and ultimate object of prunning, and
the effect we wish to produce.
It may be safely asserted as a gener
al principle in vegetable physiology,
that all pruning is more or less injuri
ous to the well being cf the living
plant.
In a state of nature, or when a tree
or vine is left to itself, there is a grad
ual adjustment and equilibrium estab
lished between the roots and branches
There are roots enough to absorb and
cany up the nutritive fluid and there
ate branches, with the leaves, enough to
work it up and assimilate the nutrition.
When this equilibrium is disturbed, in
jury, disease, or death follows. The
degree of injury will depend upon cir
cumstances, such as’the amount of pru
ning, the time when it is done, and the
constitution and habits of the particular
plant. Some bear pruning better than
others, and in" winter than in summer.
We may take a le&on from the man*
ncr in which nature does her pruning.
Take a young tree, a pine, for example.
There arc a number of small laterals.
As the tree grows upwards and the
trunk enlarges, the sap has a tendency
to the upper portion ; these literals be
gin to lose their vitality, and at length
die out and fall to the ground. In the
old tree there i3 not even a trace of
these primary branches, and their very
scars are obliterated.
Very different is the effect when, by
artificial means, a vigorous, healthy
limb is lopped off. The equilibrium
between roots and branches is suddenly
destroyed, and the plant receives a
shock to its system, which impairs vi
tality to some extent.
But in all kinds of cultivation,
whether for ornament or for fruit, we
find it better to sacrifice somewhat the
health or longevity of the plant for
some other advantages to bo gained, of
greater value. We prune our fruit
trees and grape vines to keep them
within bounds and give them shape
better to resist the effect of a too hot
sun, or high winds, and also by reduc
ing the amount of woody growth, to
obtain better fruit. So also of hedges,
or other artificial shapes we may desire
to produce. A hedge is a collection of
stunted, half-starved, ill-conditioned in
dividuals, but when taken as a whole,
its general effect (which is the thing
sought after) is useful or pleasing.—
Whatever may be the chief object in
cultivation, whether it be the perfection
of fruit or flowers, or usefulness as a
hedge, or ornamental shape, we seek
that, and not the longevity of the plant.
It the plant could not furnish these
requisites,- it would not be worth to cul
tivate at all. The true end and aim of
all pruning, therefore, is to do just so
much of it and no more, as will give
the best results, with the least injury.
And this must be ascertained by prac
tical observation and experience.
The above remarks are of course in
tended to apply [to such things as are
"rowing and fixed for life. In trans
planting it is necessary to prune. No
matter how carefully a tree may be ta
ken up, the roots are injured more, or
less, according to the care used.
In proportion as the roots ars lessen
ed, so must we lessen the branches.—
Even in transplanting small things
from the nursery bed when all the
roots can be secured, it requires time
for the absorbing functions to commence
theiT supply of fluid, and so it is best
alwajs to pinch off a portion of the
leaves, and thus restore the equilibrium.
—Rural Carolinian.
Sjrays.
The golden syrups, sugar drips, etc.,
are delusions and snares. A professor
of chemistry has examined a dozen va
rieties of syrups sold at the greceries,
and says that they are all “ doctored,”
made by the “ sulphuric acid process,”
as follows : “ A warm (131 degrees
Full.) mixture of starch and water of
about the consistency of cream, slowly
poured into a boiling solution of one
per cent, sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol,)
the whole boiled for some time ; then
the acid is neutralized by chalk, and
the mixture set aside When the
sediment has settled in the bottom the
liquid is dipped off and boiled down to
syrup. This syrup may be boiled aown
to a sugar, forming what is known as
‘ grape or glucose sugar/ Instead of
starch, however, old rags can and are
used very largely—rags collected from
the streets, or wherever they eau be
found
•*♦*>-
Living and sleepi”gin a room which
the sun never enters is a slow form of
suicide. A sun bath is the most re
freshing and* life-giving bath that oan
be taken.
Brfad and cuke should'be kept' in a
tin box or stone jar.
He is worth no weal that can bide no
DU)<L
Storing Hay in Tiglit Barns.
Nearly thirty years ago, a man of pro
gressive ideas said to us that grass but
partially cured cou'd be Stored in large
bulk in tight barns, with'perfect safety,
and come out looking better and less
musty than when dried and stored in
ventilated barns. We regard it as a
visionary idea, to which he had given a
kindly reception on account of its nov
elty, but which would result in loss if
put in practice.
It was the custom then to side up
barns with green boards, so that they
would shrink in seasming, leaving wide
cracks to admit the air for drying out
the hay. An important principal was
here overlooked. Fermentation, like
combustion, is caused by the union of
oxygen with carbon, and can no more
proceed if air is excluded, than fire can
burn under the same conditions. Many
farmeishave learned that manure will
not ferment rapidly when it is trodden
down so as to nearly exclude the air,and
that it seldom fire-fangs when it is
thrown where cattle can trample it un
der foot.
The class which, above all others,has
made grass and hay a special study, is
dairymen. They have ascertained by
by experiment, directed by science, that
hay will keep better in elapboarded or
battened barns than in open barns or
stacks. That the heating will be so
moderate as to only dry out the hay
without moulding.
If it is a fact that hay can be safely
put into a large mow, in a tight barn,
less cured than is necessary if stacked
or stored upon a scaffold,or in open barns,
it is a very important fact for farmers,
as it will enable them to gather their
crops with much less exposure to th‘e
vicissitudes of the weather, for even
where the hay is in the cock, the exteri
or suf’acc is injured by contact with dew
or rain. —Rural Home.
**ii jsJjur for Fowls.
There is no remedy and assistant so
easily and cheaply obtained, so harmless
to the funds, or so satisfactory in its re
sult, as sulphur. It being iu the sys
tem of animals to a small degree, there
is a greater affinity for it than there
otherwise would be. It can be adminis
tered to fowls by havimg it in a small
box, so that they can help themselves,
or by mixing it with their feed once a
week, or as often as there are indica
tions of vermin. Penetrating, as it do c s,
to every part of the system,the parasites
are quickly and surely destroyed. Also
gapes are said to be prevented in chick
ens. Fowls need it more than other
animals, (heir feathers containing be
tween four and five per cent of sulphur.
Their eggs also have a small quantity,
which is noticed by the discoloring of
a silver spoon when it comes in contact
with a boiled egg. Applied externally
to the fowls on the nest, to the nest it
self, or mixed with the soil in the
dusting box, is equally efficacious in de
stroying vermin. To be used a3 a fu
migator of buildings, it is necessary to
remove the fowls, close the room or house,
mix a little saltpetre with the sulphur
iu an iron vessel, and apply a match to
the mixture. This should be done in
the morning, and the doors and windows
opened in the afternoon for a thorough
ventilation. Lord mixed with sulphur
in proper proportionated applied as often
as it is necessary to the feathers or the
neck and back of young and old turkeys,
is a very good safeguard against the
ravages of foxes.— Poultry World.
How Chickens get out of Shells.
Take an egg out of the nest on which
the hen has set her full time, carefully
holding it to the ear; turning it round
you will find the exact spot on which
the little fellow is picking at the inside
of the shell ; this he will do until the
inside skin is perforated, and then the
shell is forced outward on a small scale,
leaving a hole. Now, if you will take
one of the eggs in this condition from
under the hen,remove it to the house or
other place,Jput it in a box or nest, keeping
it warm and moist, as near the tempera
ture of the hen as possible (which may
be done by laying it between two bottles
of warm water upon some cotton or wool)
and lay a glass over the box or nest,then
you can sit or stand as is most conven
ient, and witness the true modus oper
andi.—Now watch the little fellow work
his way into the world, and you will be
amused and instructed as I have often
been. After it has got its opening, it
commences a nibbling motion with the
point of its upper bill on the outside of
the shell, always working to the right
(if you have the large end of the egg
from you and the hole upward), until
it lias worked its way around, say with
in one-half an inch, in a perfect circle.
It then forces the cap or but end of the
shell off, and then has a chance to
straighten its neck, thereby loosening
its legs somewhat, and so, by their help
forcing the body from the shell.—Amer
ican Farm Journal.
Watermelons. —Muscat s ne Island,
la., it the most famous pi ce in all the
Northwest for this delicious fruit. I
asked a farmer upon that large Island
how many acres of watermelons were es
timated to be there. Ilis answer was
one thousand, and bis neighbor said
that was proDably an under-estimate.
The Island is a large, level plain of
sandy land ; hence its adaption to melons
and sweet potatoes. The melons grow
large and of the sweetest and best qual
ity, mostly a variety called Black Span
ish, large, round, dark green, red core,
and very sweet. They are well known
in this city (Quincy, 111 ), being brought
here in boats and sold out to the stores
to rteail. They are also shipped to
Chicago, Omaha, St. Paul, and have
been sent to Duluth, Denver, Buffalo,
New York, etc. Their weight' is from
ten to twenty pounds—sometimes forty.
They sell by the wagon load at §S to 810
per hundred. One hundred make a
good two-horse wagon load, fil'ing a
wagon with side boards, that will meas
ure fifty bushels. — Western Agriculture
ist.
Japan has coins of so small value that
it takes a thousand of them to make a
dollar.
APPLETON 9 8
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-mccUnmil
cl 3Xeclicinc*
THE FAMOUS
GLOBE FLOWER SYRUP!
CURE, A IF BY MAGIG*
Colds, Coughs, Bronchitis, Hoarseness ,
Obstinate Lung Affections Asthma ,
Croup , Bleeding of the Ijungs,
Plerusity, Difficulty of Breath
ing, Boss of voice,
AND WILL CURE
CONSUMPTION,
As 50,000 grave-robbed witnesses testify.
*o opium. Nothing poisonous. Delicious
to take. The earthly Saviour to all afflict
ed with affections of the Throat and Lungs.
Bequeaths to prosterity one of the greatest
blessings. SOUND LUNGS and immunity
from CONSUMPTION.
one hundred thousand bottles
have been used, and not a single failure
known. Thousands of testimonials of won
derful cures, such as the following, can be
seen at the office of the Proprietors, No. 60
Broad street, Atlanta Ga., or will be sent,
on application, to any who doubt.
For sale by all druggists.
Dr. J. S. PEMBERTON & Cos.,
Atlanta , Ga.
READ ! READ !!
CONSUMPTION CURED
Office of 0. Sackett, Drugs & Medicines,
New Albany, Ind., April 10, 1870.
Dr. J. S. Pemberton, Atlanta, Ga. ' Dear.
Sir— l have received your circulars, and iu
consequence of the distribution, I have sold
about six dozen Globe Flower Syrup in
the'last two weeks. The Globe Flower
Syrup is gaining great celebrity. I recom
mend it in two cases of consumption. One
case was bed-fast; had not laid on blit one
side for two years; hemorrhages almost
every day ; much emaciated, and expected
to die. He had taken six bottles of Globe
Flower Syrup ; his troubles are all gone,
except prostration, which is rapidly im
proving. He will certainly get well. The
other case is similar, with same good re
sults. I can-send you many testimonials if
you want them.
Yours truly, etc., 0: AC’reTT.
Hum bolt, Tenw., April lg, 1871
Dr, J. S. Pemberton, Atlanta Georgia:
Dear Sis—l bought from Red wine & Fox
two bottles of your Globe Flower Cough
Syrup, which has cured me of a severe cough
and bleeding from the lungs—which I had
been afflicted with for over twelve month's.
One of my friends, who had been afflicted
with a terrible weakening cough and bleed
ing from the lungs for nearly two
years, was cured by the use of four bot
tles of your Globe Flower Syrnp. I
have taken all kinds of Cough and Lung
Balsams of the day, and consider your Globe
Flower Syrup the best—superior to all oth
er preperations. I have recommened it to a
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efiects have been experienced by all who
have used it. Tne Globe Flower Syrup is a
great blessing to the world. God speed you
in the introduction of it.
J. RIDGE
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 26, 1874.
Dr. S. Pemberton : Dear Sir—l have used
your Globe Flober Cough Syrup myself,
and in my family, with benefits so marked
as to leave unquestioned the merits of i
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shall always use it with perfect confidence,
and recommended it to the public as a rein
edy which will afford that satisfaction ex
pfmaisd by me and mine.
t'e.-j respectfully yours,
JAMES M. SMITH
Governor State of Georgia.
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and. power. J
IHL WLEKLS SUN will continue to bo
a thorough newspaper. All the new- of the
day will be found in it, condensed when un
important, at full length when of moment,
and always, we trust, treated in a clear,
interesting and instructive manner.
It is our aim to make the WEEKLY SUN
the best family newspaper in the world. It
will be full ot entertaining and appropri.it
reading of every sort, but will print nothing
to offend the most scrupulous and delicate
taste.. It will always contain the most in
teresting stories and romances of the day,
carefully ; elected and legibly printed,'
The Agricultural Department is a promi
nent feature in the WEEKL7 SUN, and its
articles will always be found fresh and
useful to the farmer.
The number ot men independent in poli
tics is increasing, and the WEEKLY SUN
is their paper especially. It belongs to no
party, and obeys no dictation, contending
for principle, and for the election of the
best men. It exposes the corruption that
disgraces the country and threatens the
overthrow of republican institutions. If
has no fear of knaves, and seeks no favors
from their supporters.
The markets of every kind and the fash
ions are regularly roported in its columns.
The price of the WEEKLY SUN is one
dollar a year for a sheet of eight pages,
and fifty-six columns. As this barely pays
the expenses of paper and printing, we are
not able to make any discount or allow any
premium to friends who may make special
efforts to extend it's circulation. Under Ihe
new law, which requires payment of pos
tage in advance, one dollar a year, with
twenty cents the cost of prepaid postage
added, is the rate of subscription. It is not
necessary to get up a club in order to have
the WEEKLY SUN at this rate. Any one
who sends one dollar and twenty dents will
get £he paper, post paid", for a year
e Jiave no traveling agents.
THE WEEKLY SUN— Eight pages,
fifty-six columns. Only $1.20 a year,
postage prepaid. discounts from this rats.
THE DAILY SUN. —A large four-page
newspaper of twenty-eight columns. Daily
circulation'over 120,000. All the news for
2 cents. Subscription, postage prepaid 55
cents a month, or $6.50 a year. To clubs
of 10 or over, a discount of 20 per cent.
Address,
“THE SUN,” New York City.
THE JAS. LEFFEL f
Double Turbine Water Wheel,
JVI. Manufactured by
U POOLE & HUNT.
./li Baltimore,
7,000 y77iv 2 s vs & •
Rfl „ Simple, Strong, Durable
j always rciiahld and tatis-
B I factory.
K Manufacturers, ai<?o, > r
Portable & Stationary
Steam Bo Hers,,
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p - nt( W] ,j to Lead and
Oil MAI. Machinery, Hydraulic and other
Shifting, Pulleys and Hungers
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