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The Farm and Household.
Table of Weights and Measure
Bushels. Lbs. Bushels. Lbs. '
.Vheat 00 Blue Grass Seed...l4
Shelled corn 50 Buckwheat 52
Corn in the ear 70 Dried patches OR I
Peas... 00 Dried apples 21
Rye 50 Onion -57
Oats... 82 Salt '•;> ;
8ar1ey... . ... 47 Stone coal
Irish Potatoes 6S Malt 10
S\Veet Potatoes 55 Bran 20
White Beans 58 Turnips 75
Pastor Beans 40 Plastering Hair 8
41 over Seed 00 Unslacked Lime...Bo
Timothy Seed .40 Corn Meal 47
Flak Seed 50 Fine Salt >4
Hemp Seed 41 Ground Peas 20
Facts Worth Knowing About 41a
mire.
Lord Kincaid, a Scotch land owner
and farmer, had the good sense to learn
Lv direct experiment tlie relative value
t f liable manure kept sonic mouths un
der shelter and protected from all vain
or snow, and similar manures exposed to
the weather in a way once very com
lnon in Great Britain, and still not un
common in the United States. Four
acres of good soil were measured, two
of them were manured with ordinary
bavmyard manure, and two witn equal
quantity of manure from a covered shed.
The whole was planted with potatoes.
The product ol each acre was as fol
lows :
Potatoes treated with barn yard ma
nure :
One acre produced 272 bushels.
One acre produced 202 bushels.
Potatoes manured from the covered
sheds.
One acre produced 442 bushels.
One acre produced 471 bushels.
The next year the land was sown with
wheat, when the crop was as follows :
Wheat on land treated with barn
yard matiU v e :
One acre produced forty-two buslreis,
eighteen pounds, (of sixty-one pounds
per nushel.)
One acre produced forty-two bushels
thirty-eight pounds, (of sixty-one
pounds per bushel.)
Wheat on land manured forom cover
ed sheds:
One acre produced fifty-five bushels,
five pounds, (of sixty one pounds per
bushel.)
Crc acre produced fity-eight bushels,
forty seven pounds, (of sixty-one pounds
per bushel.)
The straw also yielded one third
more upon the laud fertilized with the
manure from the covered stalls than
upon that to which the ordinary ma
nure was applied.
It is amazing that any farmer should
ave thought the daily droppings of
animals in cow-sheds and barn-yards
should be washed and Icacbed by rains
for months, and alternately dried and
burnt iu the sun, and not seriously di
minish the fertilizing power of such
droppings. Nearly all the rich salts of
lime 1 potash, ammonia and magnesia are
washed out by mouths of exposure be
fore the yard manure is collected and
hauled into the field. Agricultuaal
salts should be dealt with very differently.
They are soluble in rain water, and
should go from the stable or shed to the
ground to be manured. In this way
stall feeding cattle, sheep, hogs and
horses pays by the largo corps of wheat,
corn, potatoes, tobacco and cotton that
may be raised.
We arc some forty years behind Scotch
and Englishmen in the art of making
and using manure of the farm. They
buy our cotton seed andfluxsecd cake, our
corn and wheat to feed fatting stock,
and produce the richest sort of home
made manure from which fifty-five
bushels of wheat arc grown on an acre,
and over four hundred bushels of pota
toes. Foor cow-peD droppings will not
turn out sucli crops. Cattle must eat
the richest kind of food, liko corn-meal,
oats, millet seed, or cotton seed cake.
Good clover forms valuable manure.
We have been trying forty years to
make all farmers understand the reason
tclit/ one ton of this common manure is
worth only sixty cents, while a ton of
Peruvian guano (the dung of bird’s), is
worth sixty dollars. The salts saved by
merely sheltering manure gave Lord
Kincaid about one hundred bushels of
potatoes more to the acre than he would
have raised without the shelter. Even
in the next crop of wheat, the gain was
nearly fourteen bushels. The best plant
food is often volatile, and always soluble
in water. It is easily lost by a stupid
man who takes no pains to raise lull
crops of grain, vegetables, cotton, fruit.
To make a poor article of manure, and
wast two-thirds of that, is calculated to
hiing manure-making on the farm into
disrepute. Learn to produce manure
worth more per hundred pounds than
good hay. Concentrate fertility as you
would bring the rays of the sun to a
focus in a sun-glass. —Nashville Amer
ican.
A Lesson From Cabbage. —Every
one knows that cabbage will not grow
fast or head out well unless they are
hoed very often. Most have also learn**
cd that this crop does the best if hoed
very early in the morning, while the
dew is on the ground, Hoeing later in
the day, when the dew has evaporated,
will not have the same effect: The dew
being covered with soil is retained, and
helps keep the earth moist. It con
tains a large amount of oxygen, which
it took from the air. These act to de
compose the soil, and to hasten the
giowth of the plants. It also absorbs a
large quantity of ammonia, which is di
rectly taken up by the plants, and has
been found by observing farmers that
they do. Market gardeners prefer to
have potatoes hoed either when the sui
ts wet with dew or just after a slight
rain.
Observations made by one of the best
farmers in Wisconsin,extending through
many years, convinced him that there
was a great advantage in plowing land
while it was wet with dew. Especially
was this the case when clover or grass
was to be plowed under. It was found
that grass and sod rotted much sooiur,
and that the succeeding crops -were
larger and of toettcr quality.
Ditl'cront Uiinagonieut of hheep.
There is a branch of stock raising that
is of more importance to the whole com
munity than the raising of sheep, as
the wool is vauable for making many
articles of clothing for the comfort of
the community at large, which can not
be made so well from any other article,
and the flesh is universally admitted to
be made the most healthy animal 4’ood
that is iu use.
1 do not intend to discuss the relative
value of the different breeds of sheep in
the present article, but leave each one
to his choice, and a few hints on their
management.
There is a great diversity of practice,
if not opinion cn this point One man
lias a flock of long legged, hairy sheep,
that he allows to run in the ‘‘bur patch”
without any protection from the driv
ing storms of winter, and without any
feed save the frost bii teu grass; the
consequen.ce is iu shearing time the woo!
has jallen off from their necks, and
perhaps from a part of their bodies, and
that remaining is of an inferior quality
and so full of burs as to be unsaleable
save at low figures.
The owner of this flock cannot see
the profit of raising sheep. He com
plains of “book farmers” telling of the
the yield of wool the : r sheep produce,
which he considers perfectly preposter
ous, and as to the price for the clip, he
says it looks well on paper, but he can
not get one half as much, and straitway
makes up his mind to quit the business,
and turn his attention to something
more profitable. lie accordingly sends
for the butcher; but then comes another
disappointment. f i tie butcher will not
buy, or or at best, will only pay from
$1.50 to $1.75 per head for a few, and
the remainder are left on his hands to
dispose of the best he may
On the other side of the road lives
one that keeps his sheep out of the “bur
patch” and is careful to nut them under
shelter when it rains, or snows, and
give them plenty to eat of hay or good
bright corn fodder, with a little grain
daily. His sheep comes out in the
spring better than they were in the
fall. He shears from six to eight
pounds of cleansed wool per head, which
he can sell at an advance on the high
est price quoted in the market reports.
This man can see a profit in the sheep
raising. lie makes money at it,although
he pays from $15.00 to $20.00 per head
for ewes and and higher rates for bucks
to keep up and improve his flock. When
ho has any sheep that has become too
old to be profitable the butcher is ready
te buy them at high rates and insists
on the faimer selling him more of
them.
Brother farmer, which course will
you pursue ?—Uncle John , in American
Stock Journal.
Warts on Cows’ Teats.
The Canada Farmer recommends the
following plan for removing these an
noying excrescences.
“ If the warts have well defined necks
cut them off with scissors and touch the
places with lunar caustic (nitrate of sil
ver). Or, if horse hair or silk thread
is tied tight around them,they will drop
off in a few days. If without well de
fined necks, wet them and touch them
with lunar caustic. In a few days cut
off’ the dead, blackened parts and touch
again. If the places be sore after the
warts are removed, moisten the surface
with the tincture of aloes and myrrh ;
and if ulceration sets in, wash with a
solution of sulphate of zinc of the
strength of one drachm to one pint oi
water.
The presence ol warts show a disor
ganized state of the system. When the
cause of them is removed they will dis
appear of themselves. They may pro
ceed either from a lack or a redundan
cy of vital force. Where warts are
present in such numbers as our corres
pondent mentions, it will be best to ob
literate them a few at a time. *
“Greasing with hog’s lard will remove
ordinary warts, and we have seen re
commended a liniment of equal parts of
iodine tincture and glycerine, applied
thoroughly. Violent remedies are not
to be commended when milder means
will answer. Will our readers —those
who can —furnish information in re
gard to this matter ?”
White Feet in Horses. Our
readers have heard the old saying
which pronounces horses with four
white feet and a white nose, only fit to
be killed and eaten by crows This
was mere prejudice. Many excellent
horses have white feet. Among draft
horses, white feet are very common in
the Clydesdales.
A writer in the Country Gentleman,
►speaking of trotting and running horses,
says : “ I believe white feet in horses
are an indication of blood, and if you
will look through the trotting register,
and ‘Forester Ilorses of America.’ you
will find that, out of twenty five plates
of horses, twenty of them have more or
less white about their feet. Such horses
as Dexter, Lexington and Pocahontas
all have four white feet j Ethan Allen,
three.etc. While visiting the breeding
establishment of Mr. Steele, near Phil
adelphia, where Happy Medium, one of
the best stallions this country affords,
holds forth, I noticed in one yard of
about a dozen colts only one without
white feet.
To cure a horse of bridle beaking
get a piece of bed-cord four times as
long as the horse and at the doubled
end make a loop through which pass
the animal’s tail. Then cross the ends
over his back, and pass both ends
of the cord through the halter ring un
der the chin and tie both ends to the
trough r ing, through which the halter
strap plays, the end of the halter being
attached to a billet of wood. Should
the horse attempt to pull back all the
strain will be on the root of hia tail be j
fore the halter strap will become tight*
ened, and he will at once step forward
to avoid it. After so fixing him for a
few times he will abandon any such pro
pensity
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teresting stories and romances of the day,
carefully .'elected and legibly printed.
The Agricultural Department is a promi
nent feature in the WEEKLY SUN, and its
articlea will always be found fresh and
useful to the farmer.
The number of men independent in poli
tics is increasing, and the WEEKLY SUN
is their paper especially. It belongs to no
party, and obeys no dictation, contending
for principle, and for the election of the
best men. It exposes the corruption that
disgraces the country and threatens the
overthrow of republican institutions,
has no fear of knaves, aDd seeks no favor
from their supporters.
The markets of every kind and the fash
ions are regularly roported in its columns.
The price of the WEEKLY SUN is one
dollar a year for a sheet of eight pages,
and fifty-six columns. As this barely pays
the expenses of paper and printing, we are
not able to make any discount or allow any
premium to friends who may make special
efforts to extend its circulation. Under Hi*
new law, which requires payment of
tage in advance, one dollar a year, with
twenty cents the cost of prepaid postage
added, is the rate of subscription. It is not
necessary to get up a club in order to ha™
the WEEKLY SUN at this rate. Any one
who sends one dollar and twenty cents will
get the paper, post paid, for a year
We have no traveling agents.
THE WEEKLY SUN—Eight pages,
fifty-six columns. Only Si.2o a year,
postage prepaid. No discounts from this ratt-
THE DAILY SUN—A large four-page
newspapei of twenty-eight columns. Daily
circulation over 120,000. All the news for
2 cents. Subscription, postage prepaid oe
cents a month, or $6.50 a year. To clubs
of 10 or over, a discount of 20 per cent.
Address,
“THE SUN,” New York City*
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