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Extract from the Aurora of the
Ifl th Dec. relative to our nego
tiations ivith England.
Wha? wn* the result whrrt the
latest ncfvirrs rame awav, wr
Lave rertainlv Learfl—r-we hnve
Itepr in possesion of ?p>it\p time;
wp hinted as tnnrh before — and
are will state the farts now—we
*ball “fate them now. because wp
mean to noint out to public at
trn'ion, *tb e conduct and tlerla
rations of emissaries paid by
Fopland, and residing here for
•be purpose of influe nc
jnjr the people of the United
fttpres njrninst tbplr pf'vernment
and in favor of England.
Our readers mnv rely’ on the
following information as authen
tic it is not official, nor deri
ved from firry official source by
ns, but we can undertake to
vourWfor it, that in substance it
is the real truth.
Our differences with Fntrlnnd
m-ere very atr.plv dboussed bv
M>. TVTortroc, and the b*U of
the principles upon w hich our yo
vrmment insisted were laid he
fnre that government, before Sir.
Fox cause into the administrati
on; and Mr. Monroe finding the
treasures procrastinated under
official pretexts, resolved to re
turn home:
Our government might per
haps, have been without a mini
ster in England, had not the
death of Mr. Pitt, and the ele
vation of Mr. Fox to the cabi
net, unfolded new hoppsj Mr.
Monroe then determined to re
main, and he renewed in a suit
able manner, his former repre
sentations, and in the most de
cisive and dignified tone:
The measures taken or this
aide of the Atlantic, were neces
sarily founded on the acts af the
government of England, as they
appeared and mere declared to be,
hv the conduct of her ministers
their; her ships on the high seat,
and her emissaries here; hut it
was determined to exhaust the
c.up of forbearance, and to de
monstrate to the -vorld, that it
was justice alone we sought —an
additional minister with ftesh
complaints, and a catalogue of
new injuries and aggressions,
•were joined in the mission with
Mr. Monroe—the liberality of
Mr, Fox—and the intelligence
of the c<Tm £“rcial body were cal.
led forth, by the appearance of a
new minister—reinforced by a
law, which being only an indica
tion of what might be contem
plated, acted much more effec
tively than a fleet of 20 sail of
the line, or than a battle ®f Tra
falgar or of Jena. The result has
been—
That our differences with G.
Britain were not only admitted
to be a justifiable cause of com
plaint, but such as required re
dress.
Nay even the negotiations go
not only to the practice of that
government under their construc
tion cf the law of nations, but to
the principle also.
M he differences that ltavcy.fi
sen in any stago ol the negociati
on, are unless on cue point, of a
• econdarv and compaiativcly in
consequent character.
’] ho great point, and the only
impornnt point, was
the question ho o shall the neutral
flag pioieet persons.
The principle contended for
by Mr. Monroe from the hegin
ing, and by both the American
ministers at the last advices, was
invoiced in tins woid persons
our ministers contending that the
fiag protected all persons sailing
beneath our flag.
The British ministers offered
to recognize the principle that
the flag should protect American
citizens.
Upon this point there would
have remained no difference, or
further debate, were the expla
nations and constructions of the
English liegociators, as explicit
aud unreserved as ours had aright
to expect.
Our ministers aware of the
doctnucs of tiie English diplo
matists and jurists, that allegi
ance is perpetual —that they fluid,
tl at no man born a British sub
ject can alienate himself, or be
come n member of another state,
although some of our tory’ law
yers, {as Fls worth in Williams
case) have had the slavish base
ness to recognize a principle so
to civil liberty, and
human rights, our government
never lias, nor never can-adopt it;
Mr. Munroe, who from the parti
cular constitutional provisions of
his native state of Virginia,
which admits and specifies even
the form of alienation, and no
doubt would contend lor the prin
ciple and right of alienation; did
insist on the protection of every
citizen —whether born since or
before the revolution; or natu
ralised according to the constitu
tional ordinances of the union.
The main question in dispute
then was, shall the flag protect
all persons sailing under it
Because the word persons is tne
only one which would render
negociation decisive and superi
or to the eternal cavils and sub
terfuges of the long robe .
The English negotiators £p
penred disposed, when they sat
in September last, to give such
an explanation of the word citizen
as would embrace naturalized ns
well as the neutral born citizens
•—here alone the negotiations
were not closed as to principles;
on every other point they had
been mutually and to the common
satisfaction of both sides, agreed
in the principles.
And on this point it is proba
ble they may agree, or had a
greed in October or November;
—that i*, if the English ministers
are as sincere as they have ap
peared to be, and professed to
be, and as their actions during
the negotiations certainly indi
cated; here then is the point at
which the negociation had arri
ved;
As an illustration of the sen
timents of the American people
we give the following from the
Petersburg Republican of the
15th inst :
EXTRACT.
From the governor's address, to
the legislature of Pennsylvania.
“ May 1 not here be allowed
without incurring the imputa
tion of personal motives, to re
mind the legislative guardians of
the reputation, as well as of the
lives and fortunes of our fellow
citizens, that libelling, {gross
and malignant libelling) has be
come the crying sin of the nation
and the times 1 It is not the li
centiousness of a single press ;
nor the machinations of a parti
cular party, to which in the faith
ful execution of my office, the
legislative attention is thus di
rected. The crime is to me the
ame, whoever may be the vic
tim. But it is the general pros
titution of the liberty tis the
press ; the overwhelming torrent
of political dissention, the in
discriminate demolition of pub
lic characters ; and the barba
rous inroads upon the peace and
happiness of private individu
als ; which constitute in my
mind, a subject of the highest
concern to yourselves and to
> our posterity- The fatal conse
quences of this public malady,
begin already to appear. The
press has lost its uses, as an in
structor and a censor. Citizens
of the same community are
pledged to mutual hatred and
persecution. All respect for the
magistracy & the laws is falling
into derision. Good and wise
men will soon abandon the field
of public service. And, with a
fatality not uncommon in the
history ol nations, the avowed
friends of a free representative
government, are among us real
enemies with weapons for its
destruction.”
So sung John Adams, when
he was placing a yoke n the
necks of the American people ;
and this has been the continual
strain of every tyrant, from the
moment man became acquainted
with the noble art of priming, as
a channel through which to vent
their wrong* £t injuries. “ The
lictuuousucss of the press is
making barbarous inroads on
pnblic and private reputations,
exclaims his excellency’. Is not
the'press free to repel the attacks
of the barbarians ; and are not
the courts of jus'ice open, be
fore which to bring the offenders
to condign punishment ■ 1 hen
why this railing and whining a
bout the freedom of the press.
The virtuous man feels not the
arrows of calumny. The libel
ling assassin hurls his shafts in
vain against the bosom fortified
by honest principle. It is only
the vicious who tremble at the
exposure of their crimes, who
are frightened at the enormity
of their vices. Washington
would have scorned such a de
testable engine as a sedition law
to prop the reputation of his
measures ; and does Jefferson
seek to entrench himself within
the pale of such a monstrous
statute. It is the province of
tyrants—of men “ who love
darkness rather than light be
cause their deeds are dark” to
fetter the press, and restrain the
free expression of thought.
When his excellency was ele
vated to power at the last elec
tion for governor, by the aid of
the most unblushing calumnies
—by the most incessant torrents
of slander against the mild and
unassuming Symon Snyder, he
uttered no Culminations against
the licentiousness of the press—
“ gross and malignant libelling”
was not then the “ crying sin of
the nation arid the times 1” No !
Thomas M’Kean mounted the
chair of state ly the very means
which he now decries. But the
situation of parties has changed.
The wheel of political revolution
has moved, within the last 12
months with uncommon veloci
ty. The delusion which for a
time led the citizens of Penn
sylvania from tne path of recti
tude, is fast dissipating. Reason
has again triumphed over error ;
and governor M’Kean is rapidly
precipitating into that insignifi
cance which his apostaev me
rits.
It is the unexpected change
in the public sentiment, that has
produced this overflowing of the
milk of human kindness—these
tender sensibilities in the mind
of the governor, to guard the re
putation ol his fellow citizens,
from the barbarous inroads of
newspaper editors—the Goths
and Vandals of the age.--—The
governor was well aware that
the people had returned a ma
jority ol democratic republicans
to both houses of the state legis
lature, and therefore wanted, by
making a “ barbarous inroad” on
the liberty of the press, to stifle
all future enquiries into the mea
sures of his unprofitable admin
istration.
But the representatives of a
free people whose souls are ani
mated fly the love of liberty, will
never shackle the freedom of en
quiry. Licentiousness and pro
fligacy never fail to work their
own destruction. Look at the
reign of terror in ’93-9, and it
will be seen, that the corruption
of the times, engendered by an
administration, that had been re
membered only to be execrated
by future ages, produced the
downfall of those men and mea
sures, whose wickedness had
profaned the sacred covenant
solemnly enacted by the Ameri
can people, for the security of
their rights and liberties.—A si
milar late has overtaken the u
nion of honest mtn in Phtladtl
phta, and they are destined Here
after to meet the reward of their
services—.the contempt of all
good men.
FROM THE SALEM REGIS
TER.
The folloxvi ng particulars, favor
ed us by a gentleman lately ar
rived at tins port Jrom India
may not be uninteresting to the
puohc.
The British government
have commenced the humane
attempt to give their colonies
in the Welt-Indies a race of
Free Cultivators, with the in
tention of totally fuperledittg
the wecelfity of Black Slaves
and it appears, the profpett of
so de hr able an event is very
flattering indeed, which from a
fir ft essay recently made by the
Governor General of the Brit
ilh Empire in the East-Indies,
made the accomplishment of
the objeCl in time, certain.
There being many Chinese
Emigrants fettled in Bengal,
and at the Englifb Island of
Pulo Penang, in the entrance
of the Streights of Malacca,
these people are invited to em
igrate to the island of 1 rini
dad; and it seems, great num
bers were disposed to embatk
for the VVeltern World.-— 1 he
Britifli government fitted out
2 ships, one from Cal
cutta, the other from Penang,
who took on board as many
as could be accommodated, 8c
these are the ships noticed in
the late papers as having ar
rived at Trinidad, with“.AR r
tists” from India—but they
are principally cultivator*, in
ltead of artills. Those who
are conversant with history,
well know, the superabundant
and numerous population of
China is so great, as to cause,
annually emigrations from that
empire to the Eaflcrn Ifiands;
even among the Malays, large
colonie* of Chinese are always
found, and they are protected
by them, and considered as a
very ufeful people, on account
oftheir laborious Sc induflrious
lives. They emigrate also con
stantly to the different Europe
an fettlemcnts in India, to fome
in great numbers. They ap
pear to be well pleased with
coming to this new countty —
and at this time there is the
greatest famine in China
ever was known before ; thou
sands perishing daily for want
of sustenance. The Englifb
are making considerable efforts
to alleviate their distress, by
fhipping Rice from their settle
ments. One house in Calcut
!ta it was said, had shipped
100,000 bags of Rice; even
the Company ships were also
loading with the fame for Can
ton.
The young Emperor of
China is a molt excellent cha
racter, and very justly popu
lar. If judgment may be
formed from the commence
■ ment ofhis reign, he will be
more like a father than a king
to his fubjeCts.
He began his Reign under
very unfavorable circumstan
ces. His father, the late Em
peror of China, was also a ve
ry good man. but being infirm,
and advanced to a great age,
being 85 years old at his de
cease, his Prime Minister and
Great Mandarins had the en
tire controul of the govern
ment, which they exercised
with a tyranny unprecedented
in the annals of that Empire;
which created rebellion after
rebellion, and reduced the
country to its present distress.
The young Emperor, at the
risk ol his own life (the minis
ter being so powerful) immedi
ately on afeending the throne,
arrelied the Prime Minister of
his fate father, and fome of the
greac Mandarins of State, &
upon examining his treasure,
found that by his extortion he
he had amassed a wealth far ex
ceeding even the Emperor’s,
particularly his pearls were lar
ger and more numerous than
the Emperor’s own. The Em
peror has published a very par
ticular and interelling account
el the difeoveries he has made
since the above arre<| I
minister, which from the®
ty aud distress that heij
ed in the provinces, I
exceeds belief. ThcvoJ
peror is very liberally ,j;l
towards Europeans and l
foreigners, and it is C xl
be will reduce or aholjl
heavy burthens that haj’l
to been imposed on |1
commerce in China. I
Asa proof of the libel
position of the young J
ror, he has written a iett J
hjg own hand, to Dr. Mai
zie, deputy surgeon gene]
Madras Presidency, tol
him on to China, | onie l
vaccine matter, and a p|
person to propagate it j
empire—it being hj s j nt J
to give it every enco]
ment, as he very much a J
edofit. I
The vaccine inoculatil
much praftifed of late, J
native inhabitants of they
India, and greatly\app ro 3
there.
From the Western H n
November. H (|
JUDGE SEBASTIA®
The Glass-House ofttißj
ry honorable Judge ui®
Court of Appeals, is noi®[
the happiness of ine®
zens of Kentucky,
pieces. H
We mentioned in ikl
piement to the lad IV(®
World, the motion wit id®
made for an enquiry mu®
conduct, aud that a com®
was appointed for that®
pose. ■
This committee met v®
day. In the forenoonoß
day, a letter was receive®
the fpeaker of the legifl®
from fudge Sebaftian,®
ming the house that con®
of his innocence, he fad:.®
ed to town to meet any ci®
which might be preferre®
gainft him but at the H
time prayed that theenfl
into his conduct might be®
poned until he had fufiifl
time to procure evidence®
but any charges which til
be alledged. Mr- jrii®
len alone supported the®
quest of the judge, but I
Grundy, general flop®
Mr. Pope and col. E®
fpokein oppofitiou, and®
ed the enquiry to pro®
Their arguments we (hall ■
at length in our next. I
ayes and noes were taken®
Mr. Allen, we believe, u®
only voice to be diftinguifl
in favour of the requeitl
Judge Sebastian. I
The committee met ala
three in the afternoon— l
Pope in the chair. 1
A letter wa s received by I
Pope, and read to the ci
mittee, from bis excellencyl
vernor Greenup, inform!
them, that his honor j 1 1!
Sebastian, bad resigned.
committee, however, notv
Handing, resolved to p roC
with the enquiry. Mr. Cm l
Wilkins, John Jordan, J al
T. Martin, of Lexington,!
Mr. Bullett,of LouifvilM
then sworn and examined,
we are informed, their d e P°‘
ons, after being written 0
are to be signed by them’ 1
and entered on the journal
the house, we forbear, a [ F
sent, publiftring them,
result however, is, that the
left and molt fatisfatfory p rC
was produced of this Ho n °
blc Judge holding a P cn , n ° n
life of two thoufar.d did# ’ *