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From a London Paper.
RUSSIAN ARMIES.
As the Cozarks form so con
siderablf* a part of the Russian
army, and particularly in the new
raised Militia, it cannot but be
interesting to oifr readers, to
learn the character and strength
of this component pait of an ar
my and a ration on which the
hopes of the Confederated Row
ers must now, in a considerable
degree rest. —The name of Co
zacks is genera!, and applied to
all those tribes, which follow
the same irregular and almost j
optional method of warfare. The j
particular bodies of the Co
zacks are distinguished from
each othet, not by the different
nations which compose them,
but by the places they respective-
Ivinhaloir, Thus the Don Co- j
zacks take their name from the i
river Don ; the Ouralian Co- j
zacks from the Ouralian moon- |
tains/ the Cozacks of the U- j
Kiaiuc fiinij i.lic name of the j
country ; and the Zaporavtan .
Cos zacks, from the cataracts of j
the Dneister; as the word Za
poravian, or more properly, Za- j
porogtzi, signities in the Russian |
language, “ people living beyond
the cataracts.” Ihe two former j
are chiefly the colonists of Great j
Russia, and the two latter <\re j
formed of lyialo-RusTans ; these j
wear no beards. The Zapora- j
vians shave even Uieir heads, j
and leave only a small piece of ‘
hair upon the crown,long enough j
to reach the nose, He pride than- ;
selves’ upon every thing that ?? op
posite to civilization , and to the j
common feelings of man ! 1 X here
was a time when no woman what
ever was permitted to live in
their society ; and though they j
began lately to have more inter- 1
course wuh the sex, sttll they j
retain sttongly the marks of their
foitner ferocity. They may he j
called, with great propriety, 11 j
gang t f desperate outlaws, of j
robbers, and all sorts of public !
offenders, who are suffered to i
exist merely on account of the 1
mischief they do to an enemy.
‘! he Cozacks of the Ukraine
and the Don Cozacks, ate more j
advanced in civilization ; the Ut- j
tti are sti n sometimes with and
soinetir.t<l£ir.-'-T uit beards ; but
ylie former exist now merely m
name, applied indiscriminately
to all the inhabitants. Except
ing the Cozacks of the Ukraine, ,
and the Zaporavians, the 1 al
tars and Caitmiks are so inter
spersed with all other Cozacks, )
that they form the most cosispi.
coons and prominent feature in
them. The Calmuks seem to
be the real descendants of the
ancient Scythians, who dwelt on
the borders of ihe Don ( anais). j
I heir features are broad and fl it
wnh a pair of smali, fiery, nic e- ■
in g eyes. They are of small Sta- 1
ture, very robust and active, and
expert in the use of the bow and
arrow, which they still use.
They are extremely skilful in |
managing unruly horses, and are j
hired expttssl;. for that purpose |
by horse contractors, for the ar
my, who have fochu t these ani- |
mats out of the wild studs bu and j
chiefly by the land proprie.ors |
in Little Russia. Xhs Cahnuk >
iides straight into the midst of j
these ungovernable creatures, j
and after tin- horse is singled out |
which is to be taken, he throws a j
kop iound his neck with such ;
dexteiitv, that, though the dis
tance is considerable* as the ie- 1
rocious animal’willuotsuffer airj i
one toapmoaclinear him, he sel
dom misses hts aim. No soon
er does the loop fail upon the
horse’s neck, than the Calonik
fas ens with amazing rapidity
the other end ot the rope to the
candle he felts upon, in such a
manner as to picvent all possi
bility of thi hoise’a escaping,
‘i he unidly savage, thus sur
p: isecl; 1 uwgg <-•- hard but the
iiorse which U.v t. aimak rides,
takes such a post,ion, by the cli
lcCiton of viic ndei, dial the
btietig'-h ol the captive Is t.e
hhustwd and he, at lengui, sul
len himself to be ted anay, and
in soon trr and. Ihe Tartars,
who are like Calmuks in toeir
persons, are so intermixed with
them, as to be seen every where
together. They devour raw,
whatever animal toori comes in
their way, or, as they eat their
spare horse carcases, without any
other preparation of the flesh
than warming it under the sad
dle of the horse they ride upon.
They have generally’ several
horses with them, so that their
provisions, and the means f
travelling, proceed with them
without anv incumbrance. IXoth
these nations or tribes are ex
tremely numerous among the
Don Cozacks, and altogether
form those terrible warriors,
whose aspect alone is sufficient
to dismay an enemy not accus
tomed to the sight of such hordes
of savages.
These Cozacks are a neces
sary appendage tothe Russian re
gular army ; they are its guides
and satellites. It is their parti
cular business to obtain intelli
gence from the enemy, which
thev do sometimes in the man- :
ner that a Calmuk takes a wild
horse.
As soon as a Cos track comes
near enough to the object of his j
search, lie throws a loop round j
his waist, fastens it to the saddle j
and gallops off with the prisoner.
Iu tins vray also they transport
their prisoners, and drag them
through the rivers they have to
cross.
All the outposts arc formed
chselly of the Cozacks. They
are conOantlv upon the look
out, and cut a conlpicuous ft- j
gure in fkinnifhes. Their de- j
light in blood and love of boo
ty form the main spring of all
their aQions, and the Cozack
[eldom hesitates to attack friend
or foe if he fees the probabili
ty of plunder. They are armed
with a long lance, a gun, a
brace of piflols and a sword,
fonicihing in the shape of a
Turkish fibre. Though in
their military appearance they
preserve a certain degree of
uniformity, Hill as their dress
is accordmg to their fancy or
means, the feene, whenever
they march in a body, is truly
grotesque and vaiiegated.—
Their horles are so diminutive I
and apparently so weak, that
they seem more calculated to
be carried than to carry, area
race altogether anomalous,for
whether fed luxuvioufly orj
Iparinglv, they maintain inva !
riably the fame niggardly ap- j
pearance, and, like the Ruf
fian soldier, can exist atmoft
upon nothing. The Cozacks
ate allowed to prclerve their
own government, and they in
return, liipulatr so furnifn the \
Emperor, at*heir own exj j
penfe, with whatever number j
of men lie may require, on \
the condition of being allowed, j
■to make booty! — luch is their
third for war as the means of
plunder, that when the num
ber required is inconfiderabie,
To that they limit call lots who
(liould go, a furious quarrel is
generally the confiqucnce of
not being included in the num
ber. lie that returns home
without booty, or has not been
in aciiun, is viewed by the
; women in a deipicable light;
ifo that their manners and
S mode of lit ing all tend to
make them a terror to the
peaceful and the helplels, and
the molt deftruttivc warriors
that can he let loose upon a ri
! vilized people, as death and
j delolation follow in then train,
| and every thing that is valua r
j bie they remove or dettruy.
1 i hey even think tt charity to
1 ki.il their own comrades, when
wounded pad recovery, or
likely to fail into the hand* of
an enemy. The}’ disperse if>
fuT.li irnall parties that it is aP
mod itrtpoffibie to flop their
iricurfions, and for this tea
son they are the moft dange
rous set of men that can en
ter a hostile country. .Nor §re
they lets so to a routed ene
my; for, though they do not
fight in the line, they ate the
firft in pursuit of him, and
the lall in defifling from it- |
Their feats in Poland, in 1 ur- j
key and in Italy, under the
command of Suwarrow, will
not loon be forgotten.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
NF.W-YORK, April 24.
By the ship Eliza capt. Smith,
29 dav-s from Bourdeaux, we i
have received papers from 1
France, containing accounts from
the armies several days later
than those via England, per the
George and Gold Hunter—-but
we find no news in them—no
exultation on account of French
victories over the Russians
1 his circumstance is a proof
that the French army has at least
been “ worsted.”
The 04th Bulletin is dated,
Ostorode, 2d March. It states j
that the wounded, on the part of •
the French, amountingto 5000 j
have been transported from the
field of battle to Thorn, and to
their hospitals on the left bank
of the Vistula. ‘I hat more
than nine thousand slain on both
sides, and near 5000 horses, be
sides an immense quantity of
military equipage, were left on
the field within the compass of a
square league.
Sixty-Fourth Bulletin of the
Grand Army.
The city of Elbing furnished j
great resources to the army.— j
There was found in it a great
quantity of wine snd brandy.—
The country of the lower Vis
tula is very fertile.
The ambassadors of Constan
tinople and of Persia, have en
tered Poland, & approach War
saw.
After the battle of Ejdau the
Emperor passed every day seve
ral hours on the field of battle,
A horrid spectacle, but duty ren
dered it necessary, it required
much labor to bury all the dead.
A great number of bodies of
Russian officers were found with
their decorations. It appears
there was among them a Prince
Rcpnin. Forty-eight hours af
ter the battle, more than 50Q
wounded Russians remained on
the ground that they had not
been able to carry off. Brandy
and bread was brought them, Si
they were successively transpor
ted to their hospitals.
Let One figure to himself up
on the surface of a square league
9 or 10,000 dead bodies, 4 or
5000 horses slain, lines of Rus
sian pieces of mus
kets and swords, the earth co
vered With bullets—Obus’ mu
nitions, 2 4 pieces of cannon,near
which were the bodies of tha
conductors killed at the moment
they were making efforts to drag
them off, all which appeared up
on a ground of snow—-a specta
; cle talculated to inspire princes
‘• with the love of peace, and the
! horrors of war.
I he 5000 that we had wound
j ed have been ail filed off or sent
i to Thorn, and our Hospitals, on
J the left bank oi the Vistula upon
sleighs. The surgeons have re
marked with surprise, that the
fatigue of this conveyance has
not injured the wounded:
Here are some details of the
battle of Braunsberg. General
Lfupont matched against the e
ntmy in two columns. General
Li ay are who commanded the
i right column pushed the enemy
1 upon Villenbergh, and the whole
| of the division did not delay sai
l)ing out of the wood. The
enemy tuivers Hunt his first po
sition, was obliged to fail back
upon the river which covers the
city of Braunsberg; at first he
stood firm, hut Gen. Dupont
marched up to him—overset him
by a brisk charge, and entered
with him into the city, which
was strewed with the Russian j
dead.
The 9th of light infantry, the
S2d and the 9th of the lice which j
composed this division, have sig- 1
nalized themselves. Generals j
Barrois, Lahoressaye,S e mde, of 1
the 24th of the line—Col. Meu- j
nicrof the 9th light infantry
The chief of Battalion Bouge, j
of the 32d of the line, and j
tlie chief of a squadron Hub- j
luet, have merited particular eu- j
logiums.
Since the arrival of the French
army on the Vistula, we have
taken from the Russians in the
affairs of Pultusk & Golvmin 89
pieces of cannon, at the battle
of Bergfried 4 pieces; at the
battle of Deppen 16 pieces; at
the battle of Hoiif 12 pieces; at
the battle of Evlau 24 pieces: at
the battle of Braunsberg 1G
pieces; at the battle of Osctolen
ka 9 pieces.—total 175 pieces of
cannon.
Th* remark has been made on
this subject that the Emperor has
never lost any cannon in the ar- j
mies which he has commanded, ■.
when in the first campaigns ot !
Italy and Egypt, or in those of
the army of reserve, whether in
those of Austria and Moravia,
or in those of Prussia and Po
land.
PARIS, March 14.
The memorable battle of Ey
lau has canfounded the attempts
made by the Russians to dis
turb our winter quarters; and
the battles of the 16th and 22d
February have finished to en”
tirely disconcert their projects.
H. S. H. Arch Chancellor prince
of the Empire has embraced the
i occasion of these fortunate suc
j cesses to supplicate H. M. Em
press and Queen to approve of a
festival which she has conde
scended to accept of. This fes
tival is to take place to-morrow
the 15th at the palace of the
Great Elector, that her majesty,
the queen of Naples has kindly
ceded for that purpose.
Several French who were in
Russia have quitted that Em
pire to avoid the vexatious obli
gations prescribed by the Ukase
relating to them —Already, many
have passed by Nautz, in their
way to Paris. M. Marttn french,
pi Moldavia, has also passed
thro’ the same city returning to
Paris.
PHILADELPHIA, April 20.
Exiraß Jrom the private jour
nal oj Capt. William Yi
caky, from Batavia.
Saturday, Ofilober 1 2, 1806
This afternoon th English
frigate Caroline, of 38 guns,
commanded by capt. Ranier,
came into the roads after
having captured two small
Dutch velfels to the wellward ;
and, although alarm guns had
been bred at Ouruft, and it
was known to he an enemy
approaching, yet the officers
on board the Batavia itigalc
I Maria Reyget (burgh, of 44
guns, kept her at anchor, with
the topsails on the caps, and
fired their bow guns and such
as they could bring to bear at
, the Caroline, when at a great
didance.
At this time mod. of the o
tber Dutch blips Hipped their
cablcj and run ashore. The
Caroline shortly after pafled a
mongd the neutral veflels
which generally anchor far
thelt out, and in eroding the
bows of the Maria Reygcrf
hurg, & ave her a broad fide
which raked her fore and aft.
4 he Dutch upon this, cut their
j catties, but by this time the
j Caroline had pa (Ted between
1 them and the land hove all
tuCir loj>t in u a
Dutch (hip’s larboard cu'Jl
In this pofiticn they comit®
ed to engage for jr T ,o
The. Dutch vcfiel was ml.®
giea.. uTsd vantage,
in a condition to w O , k ,| !t p®
nor having more than jt.,®
ieventy white men on QM
and it was not now in y I
power to run abiore. as .1
Caroline kept between 1 ,1
and the land. They howei®
continued the aftion 1- or 'l
minutes, when they f 1 ruck ;|
colours, and were iuihJ
boarded and taken pofl e [[ lr ®
of by the Caroline’s p eop ;|
who quickly made fail, ‘,l
carried the prize and their oj
blip out of the reach of J
fire from the batteries :! J
fome (loops of war, which hj
annoyed them during the who!
afilion. I
Captai.i Rauict <iicl
a gun until within half nlicH
shot of the Maria
nor did he pay the fnnildt aS
tention to the fire Irom H
snore or the other Dutch f-H
Situated as he was, with f,i> h®
gle blip, all he could ho®
for was to capture t,r <k®
troy one veflel, and he fuel
cecded very well ; hut hed:l®
Dutch laid the ir veil'd:, uoa®
fide on the bank, they wou®
have defeated all the auempH
he could have made; for hi
could not have carried his uwl
blip near enough 10 do ewcu®
lion, and the Dutch fire won!®
have funk all the boat; hi
could have sent to bum the®
veflels. None of the Ameri®
can blips received any injury®
though the shot flew very ibid®
among them. I
Thuriday, November. u;!n®
—Being ready for lea, capt.®
Smith, of the Bellair, and .Mr®
Ridgely, of the Rebecca, can)®
on board with their tom®
crews very early, and aMt®
to get the anchor up and tut®
the blip further out, to a deal
birth for failing. This v/al
eflfeOed by day-light, but afl
accident which occuricdtomyl
felfat this lime, determined ml
to defer failing until the full
lowing morning. I
About y o’clock three a®
i larm guns were bred at (H®
rub, and lhorilv alic:, fever*®
large Plng 11(11 blips made the®
appearance; fome of which™
after a fliort cannonade. filenß
ccd the Fort at Ourult, anfl
took pofleflion cf it arid a Cor®
vette lying there, winch tht®
immediately manned ar.dbrc®
in with the fleet. All ! ®
Dutch {hips and one Pmiliar.®
then flipped their cables an®
ran ashore near the caller®
Batteries, under all the lb®
they could let. At this i.r®
the Powerful, of 74 guns- I
dispatched to the tall ware ■
chafe of a large Swedish I
which had failed early in 1
morning. At half pad I
A. M. the Sea-Flower I
palled in shore of us, and ‘ “I
; in chafe of fome Duich 1 I
lon the eafl hdc of the I
| which had jufl failed^ for I
| marang. Direfilly alter j
! Terpbcore. followed by
1 Culloden, Drake, Rullel.ncl
j liqueux, the Corvette Vv dbams
i & a brig which had been cap
I tured the day before, bom’
from Bantam to Batavia, 1 ‘
! powder, Sec. came into >
j roads in the order 1
; and took their Rations a s
I lows:—The Culloßen, Adw‘-
| ral Sir Edward Pel lew, an ’
I chored about aoo yards wii 1,1
i where wc lay. The 7 er l nt