Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

AND CHEROKEE ADVOCATE. BY RUGOI.ES & HOWARD. ATLANTA AND MARIETTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1855. VOL. VII. NO. 15. TH E ATLANTA INTELLIGENCER Dally* Tri-Weekly and Weekly. BY BHGtiliES & HOWARD. \N r . m! It 1 'GUI ,ES. | >K«tAtor». T. C. IlUVVAKD. J \V. I I. HUNT. Atioclatc Editor TERMS OP SfBSCRIPTIOW. Diily Intellit-encer per annum, in advance $6.00 Tri-Weekly, “ “ Weekly. " 200 RATES OP AUVKRTI8ISO. AdverU.inn in the Daily Intelligencer will be i„.crlivl si ilie loll..wing rates per square of ten lilies : One in-crti< Two Three. Four “ Five One week, ripocistl contract? will he made for yearly adver tisement * occupying now. Vtf* Advertisement? ft must ho paid in advance. t.cgal advertisement.- puhlishe.l at the usual rates. Obituary notices exceeding ten lines charg- u'l as advertisements. Announcing candidates for ..nice, $5 <10, to he paid in advance. When advertisements are ordered in nit the is- -ues, including Daily, Tri-Weekly and Weekly, 25 per cent, will he added ts» the above rates. 'Che privilege of yearly advertisers is strictly limited to their own immediate and regular busi ness. Professional Cards not exceeding six lines, $1S per annum. Advertisements not specified as to time will be published till ordered ont, and charged at regular niter. Advertisements inserted in the Weekly paper only will be charged at former rates. mi Ola* mnittti. $5 00 *1 00 Twn “ 8 O0 1 26 Three “ 10 00 1 all Font “ 12 00 1 75 Six “ 15 00 2 <10 One year, 26 00 quarter, half nr whole ml iranHcni persons SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER, let. Col. Calhoun, The anti-Nebraska candidate for the Sen ate, is in the habit of using, as his chief ar gument, in his various speeches before the voters of this county, the oft-quoted words of Washington, “ I devoutly wish that we had not a single foreigner among us except the Marquis de Lafayette,” without appear ing to have the faiutest conception of the writer’s meaning. Col. C. will poorly sustain his reputation ns a lawyer, when he con strues in his public speeches the term for eigner to mean an individual born in a for eign country, and we protest against it as a slander against him whom we delight to call the Father of our Country, the impu tation of such sentiments as Col. Calhoun lias attributed to Washington. There is no room for misunderstanding Col. Calhoun’s remarks. The impression that lie wishes to convey to the minds of his hearers is, that Washington, in the extract above quoted, expressed general dislike to persons born without the limits of the Unit ed States. There is no such intention in the letter, and no candid man who will re view the language willarive at such conclu sion. Washington wished that we had not a single foreigner among us. The questiou turns entirely upon the ^ineuuiiig of the term foreigner. Bouvier defines foreigners to l>e “ aliens, persons horn in another country than the United States, who hare rut Item naturalized.” The same distiuctiun is drawn by the United States Court in 1st I Viters' Reports, page 349. The term for eigner, whenever used by one understand ing the sense of language, lias been invari ably eo-signifieant with alien : tit the mean ing of this hitter term there can he no doubt. Its use lias always been in construction to citizen whether native or adopted. Is Col. Calhoun ignorant of these facts, which, as a lawyer, it becomes him to know t Yet we can hardly believe that the gentleman would wilfully misconstrue the language referred to. In cither dilemma his position is no enviable one. Ignorance and wilful per version being alike unbecoming one in the position he now seeks to occupy. The his tory of the times, with which Col. Calhouu should be acquainted, will relieve all doubts as to tin* meaning of Washington iti the ipioted expression. The remark, it will be readily perceived was intended to apply not to the foreign born citizens ol the United States, of which a large portion of her army was composed, but to a uuinber of adven turous foreigners, aliens, men who had no interest in the country, nor an intention of remaining in it. These men were, in one respect, in the same category with the Co lonel, rather importunate for office, and were somewhat troublesome. Atlanta Medical College. To-day the first class graduates from this institution. It numbers more than thirty, which, in the history of similar schools, is an unusually large number for the first class. Iu fact, from the inception of the enterprize, the founders of the College have had the most cheering returns for all their public spirit and interest in science. We believe that there were as many as sev enty-eight matriculation tickets issued at the very first term. It. is thought that next season the number will reach one hun dred and fifty. Dr. Flewellcu, of Columbus, delivers the address to the graduating class, and we hope the occasion will be improved by the citizens of Atlanta in listening to one so favorably distinguish as is Dr. Flewellen throughout our State. A Call to the Frlcali afire lead In Gr»r- gfa. IN ItEJ’X.V TO ONE WHO WOULD CO. Fellow-Countryman :—The time for Ire land’s independence has at last arrived. England is now on the verge of destruction. She has drafted the last man from the shores of your dear native land, and has left but a few thousand disloyal police to guard Democracy and Knew Xothlngisiu on tke Slavery tine if Ion The only claim which the Know-Nothing party has ever advanced, for securing the good will of Southern men is, that it was the only National party in the United States that could protect the constitutional rights of the South upon the question of Slavery.— If it were able to achieve this great—this her ports. Your unfortunate countrymen j paramount object, we Southern men might at home, are ready and anxious for the mo- j be diajiosed to look upon its monstrous doc- ment to arrive when they can hail you as i trines with some abatement of our present ab- their deliverers, and unite their manly voices . borrence. But is it true ? Can this claim with yours in sending up to the very portals ; be sustained ? Let us look to the record, of high Heaven one wild hurrah for liberty The Northern delegates to the K. N. Con- aod freedom! Remember the words of the ! ventiou seceded from this party at Philadel- iminortal O’Connell:—“England’s difficulty : ohia in June last, because the platform is Ireland’s opportunity.” Fcllow-couutry- adopted was not sufficiently anti-Slavery.— ineu, Ireland’s op|Hirtunity is now at hand. These delegates went off and formed nu<ith- She has never had a 1 totter oue; and if wc I Convention, where the stronger, bitterest, arc to judge the future by the past, she | Abolition and Free-.Soil doctrines were suio|>-1 never will have a better opportunity than j ted. These were the representatives of all MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 3. Pacta tc be Remembered. Messrs. Editor*: The sarcasm of Sheri- . „ ... . , . . . < Another of Col. Calhoun’* Mistakes. dan, very familiar to every bodv, which .. , \ . . ", . .. t The candidate of the Know-Nothing par- , ne uttered agaiust an opponent, who be said : _ „ , „ , .. ? • f I • - . I ty for Senate, from this county, has stated went to Ins imagination for his facts and to J ■ - - |l'«riv*I*>ndenc?*>f t ' ,<? Atlanta Unity 1 nteUigeneer. | Xtw Volk Affairs. New York, August 24, 1855. ! Vie Adeem of Rachel- -Bread—New York j Under -1 runs-— TVm City Census—Mustache Theories—The Return of Swelldom—j Itcuis. Rachel, the long expected, lias made her It was a bad Indiana—same. Michigan—-same. the present, to strike for her freedom. ! the Northern States, with the exception Then, for God’s sake, bury your dissensious, -if both religious and political, in one com inon grave, and rally to your country’s de liverance. Ask no man what his politics or religion is. No! but ask him if he is a friend to Ireland ? Tf he says he is, then say to him : “Come pledge again thy heart and hand; One grasp that ne’er shall sever, Our watchword be—Our Native Land! Our motto—love forever!” we remember aright—of New York and Now Jersey, and even those who remained failed, as it was afterwards shown, to speak the will of their constituents. So that it cannot be pretended that these States form any portion of the K. N. party. Does this seem very National or conservative / Again, the K. N. party now in all of the States of the North and West is being merg- [ ed into a new party called the Republican party, whose only doctrine avowedly is un- Our affairs are to be so conducted as not to j dying hostility to the institution of slavery compruinise the government that has shel tered us with a home when tyranny drove us from our heritage, and we roamed over the earth friendless exiles, without a place to lay our heads. Yes, Countrymen, Amer ica reached forth her hand at this extremity and welcomed us to a participation of all the rights aud immunities of freemen and it never shall be said that the laws that have in general, and the principles of the Kan- sas-Nebraska act in particular. This Re- I publican party (so-called) is composed not i only of the K. N’s. but also joined with j them, of every political -ism—Whig, Free- I Soil aud Abolition—that can swell the blood j hound cry of fanaticism against the rights ■ of the South. For proof of this, refer to i any Northern paper giving an account of | , . » .. ... I that in no-instanoe, until the passage of the his moiiiiiry for his tropes and figure?, wa9 ! .. , , , ... , e . , . , , \ , » | Kansas-Nebraska bill, have foreigners been ! never more justly deserved than by the K. alWed to vote the Stories of the „ - organ t is p - er an ,, ®P® r j United States. We refer him first to the ! entree, into this empty city. m . rer * ,i " ° ie ve or sixnum eis o ial i North-West Territory ordinance, 1787.— ] time to try tu get up an enthusiasm at the print t at ave appeare , a sense o justice . Q HU UJiaith‘u of voters. “That a freehold 1 docks, and it was not tried on. But some ar- orces us to say, that a more hitter, vitupe- ; j Q aereM 0 f i and , n the district, having i dent admirers had chartered a steamboat to rotive and unfair spirit was never brought bee|1 a CIti2en of one of the States, and be- ■ take them down the bav, and meet tho j to the discussion of public affairs than that j iug a residem hl the district, or the like j steaiu0 , whic b bore the treasure. They which actuates the clique which eouduct* j f ree j 10 jd aud two years residence in the dis- • were abundantly supplied with the material i the American Discipline. Every number of ahft |l be necessary to qualify a man as ; fop a jollification, and were quite discom- [ that paper teems with revolting rnisrep re- Hll Sector of a representative.” fited when the steamer came in ahead oft seutations. Some ot them are of so gross ; 179S . Mississippi-same as the above i tliuh . calculations, leaving them high and | a ditcripUoii, that even tlie friends of that, ordinance 1787. paper arc forced openly to disavow them.— . I860 Witness Mr. Jcnkius eontradictiqu of the 1805 Sandereville Roorback—Dr. Smiths’s also 1Soy Illinois—same. —the charge of corrupt support oi Gov. Bv re f erenoc to iU1 aet of 1812, entitled, Johnson by the Exauimer—the falsification «. Au Act for dividing Indiana into two sep- of the letter you yourself received from the ; arale ffoTe ri,meats,” the following will be Editor of the Citizen, which the clique de- f,, uu d with reference to the qualification of , ^ , clared they saw with their own eyes, and . voters. “ Each and every free white male . , , : . , , , . which as they reported, proved all the Ger- ~ -L 3 i, a n j, ave attained the a»e of ? tu ' rou ^ 1 * ld - e . 01 1 ,e " or ^ t0 'propart her mans abolitionists Still this secret iuido ^ ’ . , . ,, , -, . for almost any trials—enough ot prosperity i mans abolitionists, sou inis secret.ynit/o, , tw en tv_ one years, and who shall liave paid , , , . . , 0* ..„d .1.0 .hull the back their betters, and when caught and j have re * sided one year iu said territory pre exposed m one misrepresentation make a- • VloUK to neral electiou> and be at the mends by immediately perpetrating a doz- ^ of said elecdon a resident thereo f, sha il en new ones of a more shameless character. , . . , , , » .. r „ . ... .. . . , • i be entitled to vote for members ot the Leg- The laborious tissue of willful misstate- . , ,, , TT ,> . , . . . . , r,- • i- i islature, Council and House of Representa- ments in the last number of the Discipline ’ , 1 tives for the said territory. We bring the Colonel now to the territo ry of Minnesota. The provision for the qualification of voters he will find to be as follows: “That the right of suffrage shall drv on the -bore. Great Rachel is here • The newspapers have teemed with her life 1 and her praise-, and if -he fails to create a Sensation and a fortune, it will not lie be cause the eireulusnihcOH •>!' her •letnit iu i America, have not been propitious. From ! all that we hear of her life and character, judge that she has seen enough . afforded us such ample protection, will ever ! the proceedings of this new fusion party.— be insulted by one disloyal act of ours. mfn Umk well to this before you by i No—nor the banner, for whose glory and vnnr ^ honor we have so bravely fought to main tain, ever blush at the cowardice of an Irish adopted citizen. Then let the star spangled banner float unsullied over the altar of her own fair land, and may she there forever wave, with orient pride and sublime digni ty, over the land of the free, the seat of the noble, and the home of the brave. But, fellow-countrymen, let us rally once more beneath the standard of Green, and unite in one solid phalanx, aud in the majesty of freemen, plunge boldly onward, for the re demption of the Emeraid spot that gave us birth. Let us at once amass and repair to the altar of Liberty, and there beneath the folds of the stars and stripes, light the torch of freedom, and swear by the outrage of murder and famine, that it never shall be l your votes affiliate with such men and such | a party! Now turn the leaf and inquire what the ! National Democratic party has done for the i rights of the South ! \Ve will answer from i the records, and let the heart of every South- ! ern patriot swell with sympathy for the party j that has dared to stand up amid such tor rents of abuse from their neighbors aud al- i lies, and defend our rights so nobly, so man fully, so fearlessly—against this flood- tide ; of Northern fanaticism. Let Vermont speak first; poor Abolition ridden Vermont; yet redeemed from utter disgrace by the party that could adopt the | following resolution: Resolved, That we denounce and repudi- , ate all attempts of demagogues and misled ! philanthropists to form sectional parties, headed “Important Things” we propose to answer in these few words:— Let it be remembered: That no man has lost by discrimination in favor of M. A. Cooper on Iron, and if wrong . , , .. , , T . , , , j . o. . . i «•! be exercised only by citizens ot tho United has been committed, the statute Book of. „ , , . „ . . , ... states, and those who shall hacc declared on *^ m!TeOTi*r«? aSl * ' oatk iheir intention u ‘ romem ch, and shall That R. A. Cowart fills the same office * h . ave taken ™ , oath to su PP° rt the C ' onstUu ' that his predessor did under Wadley and i t» on of the l nited States, and the provi- ree tly; not as though they were talking of; Yonge. i siens of this act. In the territorial bills Laben’s daughter. Leah's sister and Jacob’s | Let it be remembered * ^ ashiugton and Oregon, which we have hardly-obtained spouse, but as though the That it is positively false what time and ; no10,1 han f wi11 be found substantiaHy the name was Bpelt R as hel, accenting tho last again the Discipline has said, that §36,000 eame P rov ^ lon - We have no intention That name will he a Shibboleth were lost in Tennessee by Cowart’s misman- hat she has preserved its good a reputation! as could be expected of a handsome French-.! woman, in Iter ptLsition. Prettv soon, we ; shall see for ourselves lion far New York is i Frenchified. Almost every oiie in business; ! especially “f the rising generation, has a j little smattering of French, and there are a great many here, who not only read the lan- i guage fluently, but are accustomed to use it in common conversation. When Kossuth • first eame to America, it was some time . before his name was properly pronounced, by the uuintormed million. Every man had his own version of it. But New Yorkers will be expected to pronouuee Rachel, cor- agement. The cases were all in the power same provision, within the limits the matter of suffrage in the territories. within the limits of this article to discuss 0 f gentility for some time to come. Flour is cheap in the country, so we hear, ' of the “locus.” Tennessee have tried the cases by due course, and the disproving arime of Cowart is that he preferred to pick his jury. If the Discipline will dare to ut ter one word in derogation of the probity and honor of the two men that Cowart se lected as arbitrators, will they have the goodness to do it over the name of the author. Let it be. remembered That the reduced rates now charged Maj. M. A. Cooper are the same precisely as Juries would ' kave on ^ re ^ erre d 10 it f°r the purpose but doesj uol seem t( , make any difference of disproving the assertions of Col. Calhoun i u the baker's loaves. This gives rise to dis- extiuguished until it is applied to our dear relieving the government cannot be admin- “r ki .-' sjc died, that shall wrap the British Empire m ; g es and equal claims to protection. The flames, ttud consume her corrupt carcass to ; coustitutiou cannot be construed so as to ashes. For my own part, I am ready at a bestow special favors on any nortion of the moments warning. I have no funds to con- ! confederacy, it being a federal compact, aud . . r i ... sustaining ouly Federal relations to the seve- tribute, but lean purchase my own outfat, j ra , living to the people of each pay my own passage, and on my ^ country s j State or territory, the exclusive right to in- altar, offer up my life as a sacrifice to the : stitute and regulate their own internal af- charged by Superintendant Yonge, and do Don we also proved to be false and forced not forget we beg of you, that the principle him to fly it. Truly, as the Colonel pro- Editor of the Discipline, who was theu in a poses to iumselt the business of legislation, that the Kansas-Nebraska bill was the first cussiun, aud many accuse the bakers of ex-; and only instance when others than citizens tortion, while they declare that flour has were allowed to vote in the territories of the . fallen in price to them but a trifle, and that ! United States. But certainly this is not the j if it had they ought to be posted a day or j first and only instance where we have dis- two ago, up town, announcing a reduction ! proved the assertions of the Know-Nothing iu the price of bread at a certain bakery,; candidate. That gentleman once stated that i and that these placards were all defaced land was donated to foreigners iu the terri- and rendered illegible in a short time by un-' tories of Kansas and Nebraska: that posi- known hands. This looks very like a com- j hi nation. What there was left of New York has 1 been out of town this week, visiting the ! position to judge and know all about things, had norighteonsconscience totrouble him a bout Cooper’s rates in those days. That man had better look sharp, or it will have To be remembered That men who live in glas6 houses had he would do well to learu something of the political history of the country. Grant! Democratic Rally. The mass meeting at Cartersville came oft' on yesterday. Tho concourse of people was immense, estimated generally at about 5,0tX>. God of Liberty. Yos— And thunk tiod tlmt ever I drew iuy '•tenth, To triumph in such a noble death! '•Oh ! Erin, shall it e’er he mine, To wreak thy wrong in hnttle line! To ruisc my victor head ttud see, Thy hills, thy dales, thy valleys free!" Oh! then friendR of Ireland in Georgia, rally, and come to the rescue of five millions of your starving, misruled, and oppressed countrymen at home. They would strike for their owu independence if they had the fairs. camp at Kingston. Jtwas a great sight, when it could lie seen for the dust. The ; place was unhappily chosen. The Maine ; liquor law seems to have been superseded 1 by martial law in the camp. The authori- ; . ties treated their genteel friends out of orig inal packages, while Tom. Dick and llarry . snigged rot-gut to their heart’s content and stomach’s discomfort, from immovable 1 boots and tents around the field. The exhi-! bition of citizen-soldierj was interesting; The resolution was adopted by the State ■ Democratic Convention of Vermont, when assembled to nominate candidates for Gov- ! ernor and Congress. From the address of the Democratic State , Central Committee of Pensylvania, pubish- ! ed in our yesterday’s issue, we copy the fol lowing : i With us the coustitutiou is paramount to i the laws, and it is disobedience and insub i ordination of the worst kind, to strive, by This is by far the largest mass meeting better not use slings, and it may be shown that has been held in the State during the yet that the good oldprayer, “that mercy I canvass. We have not time at this late to others show, that mercy show to me”— hour to enter into details aud will therefore i a,, d quite commendable. But men do pre- would have been prudence for him. content ourselves with an account of the seat r i at * ler Fiditmloiw appearance trying, jr , ,, . . ., i i to look formulaole in uniforms and equip-' Let it be iemcmbcied main incidents. Ihe train from this place,; ments to men who see theip miW j Ihat the wiseacres ot the Discipline have . consisting of five cars crowded full, reached f aoes every day behind the counter or the i never attempted to show the country how Cartersville at 9 o’clock, where we found a I desk. At heart they may be good soldiers, 1 it is that when I order a ton of M. A. Coop- large number of people already collected.— i but we hope the safety of the commonwealth er’s iron he gets the benefit of the present After awaitin'* at the depot for some time. lua J never tle P elld on thl ' character of their 1 tariff, and not I who order it; or how the h arriva , of n the tra ; D from Chattanooga, ! demonstrations in the field. . ® 1 lie city census doe* not give general sat- ? which was unexpectedly delayed, the isfaction. It is said that the total ofinhab- crowd, already assembled, marched to the | itauts as returned by the marshals [For the Daily Intelligencer.] Marietta, Aug. 31,1855, Messrs. EditorsThe Know Nothings of this county, haying failed to make the im pression they had hoped by their hypocriti cal cant against Catholics and -foreigners, have now changed front, and levelled their small yuns against the personal character of the Democratic candidates. Gov. John son they, charge with corruption; Warner with cowardice and want of confidence in his principles, because, say they “he is afraid to meet Ben Hill on fair terms in discus sion Brown is presumptuous, incompe tent, too young, and a Democrat; T. H. Moore, because he defeated M’Donnld, and is the candidate of a corrupt—packed cau cus. And in fact, slander aud detraction is now the resort of the sinking fortunes of this immaculate Viand of .conspirators, whose avowed object was to purge and purify old parties. A glance at these charges, which are. contemptible, and only noticeable at all because we would soothe the dying grasp of those who desired so much yood and whose means have been so ennobling to hu man nature ’ Gov. Johnson lias been successfully vin dicated by Hoik Mark A. Cooper, from the foul asperations of bribery, &c. Judge Warner afraid to meet Ben Hill! Well, it is the first time we have heard of mind’s being frightened at matter, when it proposes no other injury than the explosion of a little gas, which babbling dissipates, and leaves again a serene surface. Mr. Hill is doubtless a clever man, and cleverness is pretty. On a dark, moist and Saturday night the soft- rays of the little lightning bug is pretty. The Sunny South wants light in the next Congsess, which will make her rights and interests clear and unmistakable—a light which shines at noon day, and reflects the impress of her power and spirit upon the dark clouds of North ern K. N. aggression : we want from the 4th District a polar star, always bright, which will attract favor from all quarters. The hand, heart and miud of the Republi can States’-Rights man—such a man is Judge Warner, and the people of Cobb want him in Congress. Not indifferent however, to the merit of Mr. Ilill; we will keep him at home to recount on leisure Saturday eve nings the horrors of the 10th century, that we may be better prepared on the coming Sabbath for the blessed privileges of civil and religious liberty bequeathed by Revolvtion- ary patviots to the oppressed of every clime —and the birthright of every American— be lie Hottentot or Jew, Greek or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant. We understand that it is reported that the K - N’s. will carry Cobb: the Democrat ic ticket throughout will be elected by an increased vote. The foul calumnies against Moore, and what is said of Brown I shall notice in my next. Cobb strikes for the Banner county. Query.—'When did these sameK. N’s.be come so much attached to Gov. McDonald ? Characteristic with their party, they at tempt to injure and lower Gov. McDonald by the abominable falsehood that he was beaten in his own county, and then cry out shame! corruption ! May tho fair name of Charles J. McDonald be saved from such friends! ANTI-KNOW NOTHING. Illia-Stlll. The Boston Post contains the following CLitton House, Niagha Falls, ) August, 18th, 1855. j Editor Boston Dost.—Will you correct an error which roocntlj occurred in your paper to theCfffctt that I waamarried at thishouse. The statement is entirely without founda tion. By letting this feet be known through the columns of your paper, you will oblige Yours, very sincerely, Eliza Logan. Does it mean that the ‘Rather equivocal, fair actress is not married, or simply that she was not married at the Clifton House? means to do it with: but they have them | political agitation, to subvert the one, and ; J encroach upon the other. not. IV e have the means, fellow-country- : “Like alf other questions of strictly local j men. ( concern, that of slavery should be submitted ; Let us then reach forth our hands and : to the exclusive jurisdiction of the people of : grasp them with all the fury of revenge, ! the territory or place in which it is pro- ; and with the holy enthusiasm of Patriots, j P. 08 ^d> to establish or reject it. This prin- ; the genius and majesty of freemen, and the j Mour^tituS^Hesrential j i litical freedom. -It may for a time be ' abused and trampled on, as other rights , have been, hut men, should not, because of that, be deprived of it. It is for the corn- vengeance of centuries of outrage and op preseion, strike for liberty and justice Yes Countrymen, “Strike! ’till the lost armied foe expire? ; Strike! for your altar? and your fires ; Strike! for the green graves of our sires; Hod, and your Native Land!” present rates do not operate as favorably upon all the consumers as upon one prodti cer. Jset it be remembered That the sin of printing for the State Road depends altogether upon the fact of- who prints, and we had as well say under the last head that what the Discipline says about the “Park” is all gammon: for the plat of ground in front of the Trout House was given exclusively for R. R. purpeses, and would have been forfeited if otherwise appropriated. CATO. lacks speakers’ stand and received a speech from ; 100,000 of the number. The deficiency may Hon. John A. Lumpkin. Scarcely had the | ll0t be s '\ la *'g e > b "> ” ip certainly great speaker finished before the up country dele- ! gations, witli banners streaming and drums beating, came pouring in. The mountain boys moved in a mass astonishing to them as it was alarming to Sant. The crowd now gathered around the spea ker’s stand, when they were addressed by 1 Col. L. J. Gartrell, and then, after adjourn- ! from various causes. It was taken at time when New Yorkers are scattered to ; the ends of the South, when there is scarce- j ly a rural nook within 2*)" miles that does ! not contain one or more of our truant citi zens. There are scrupulous young ladies The Negro Law la Kansas The following kill is before the Legislature of; [ n g a ],arbaeue worthy of the occasion ' mon interest of all that each and every citi zen should freely and peacefully exercise \ j the right; and the principle and practice | ■ thus universally ordained and recommend-! You will, therefore, without a moments ed by the founders of our government, will! delay, organize yourselves into Irish emi- ! be firmly maintained by the Democratic par- j grant Aid Societies iu every city and town ! ty* iu Georgia, and draft your resolutions, and ^ e an J Southern man, can pen a j send them on to the Irish Emigrant Aid j ^ e ^ er sentiment than that upon the ques- i Society in the City of Boston from whom ! ^ on of slavery in the lerri tories? Perhaps j you will receive a charter, accompanied with j onr ^ r * en< ^ 3 " ou *d like to try! We all the necessary instructions for the future, j S‘ ve the “ th L e opportunity. Put it side Arouse theu, ye hairy breasted and sinewy j b f aide wlth J the foUaw,r, g P lank iu thei r multitude, and shake off the fatal lethargy j P^tform— and expressly pretermitting any that paralyzes your noble energies. Arouse, ! « x P ress,0 “ of opinion upon the power of ye high of heart and strong of arm-ye, to ; Congress to establish or prohibit Slavery m whom danger and destruction, is buta scoff j an y territory ; and does not the cheek of onward to the redemption of your dear, na- . a ^° utbern now *kothing, crimson with tive land shame at the contrast ? She is sinking deeper and deeper every ^ now u P° n tbe National Demoo- day, in the putrid quagmire of infamy,'that j racy of New York for their opinions upon her heartless oppressor has thrown around Gtis vital subject, and the following is the her. She is now making her dying strug- response from the State Convention that gle. Her noble Patriots at home, have done • ’ K s'ec af i. Every person, bond or free, convicted ' the Y returned to hear the speeches of the of raiding a rebellion of slaves, free negroes or . mulatoes, shall suffer death. Sec. 2. Every free person who shall aid in any rcbellion of slaves, Ac., or do any overt act in furtherance thereof, shall suffer death. See. 3. If tiny person shall, by speaking, writ ing, or printing, advise, induce, Ac., any slaves to rebel, eouspire against or murder any citizen of Hon. Alf. Colquit and J. W. II. Underwood. Esq. The greatest good-feeling prevailed ; we saw but one man druuk : no fights, not even a quarrel. And this from the Demo cracy whom K. N.-isnt delights daily to who don’t like to have a certificate of their age hung up convenient for refenence, to all time and n> all men. The census mar shals have a large opportunity for observa tion, and have developed some curious facts. It is stated that no men of wealth wear mus taches. Tnis is a new aud astounding de- velopement, and will probably be the cause of a general revolution of chin arid upper- lip ornaments. The statement is plausible, and confirmed by my own observation.— Literary characters, who are invariably poor aud penilessiless adventurers, are the great patrons of mustache. This may be because it is the cheapest of ornaments, and therefore safely displayed in lieu of fine broadeloath. Or it may be that it is worn Terrible R. R. Accident* New York, Aug. 30.— A terrible accident occurred yesterday, near Burlington New Jersey. The Philadelphia train going up, heard the down train coming, reversed the engine, and iu running hack ran into a horse and carriage, which threw the whole train off the track, killing twenty and woun ding sixty persons. Among the killed are Thos. J. Meredith and John B. Dallam, merchants of Baltimore, the French consul at Philadelphia and Capt. Boyce of the Na vy. No Southerners are known to have been killed, but a full list of casualties have not yet been received. gldaey Smith on. XUllstona Testa. “ Many gentlemen now assembled at the Tiger Inn at Beverley, believe that the Catholics do not keep faith with heretics; these gentlemen ought to know that Mr. Pitt put this question to six of the leading Catholic Universities in Europe. He in quired of them whether this tenet did or did not constitute any part of the Catholic faith. The question received from these universities the most decided negative. They denied that Buch doctrine formed any part of .the creed of Catholics. Such doc trine, sir, is denied upon oath, in the bill now pending in Parliament, a copy of which I hold in my hand. “ Look at the fact, sir. Do the Protes tant cantons of Switzerland, living under the same state with the Catholic cantons, complain that no faith is kept with heretics? Do not the Catholics and Protestants in the kingdom of the Netherlands, meet in one common Parliament ? Could they pursue a common purpose, have common friends, and common enemies, if there was a shadow of truth in this doctrine imputed to the Catho lics? The religious affairs of this last kingdom are managed with the strictest im partiality to both sects ? Ten Catholics and ten Protestants (gentlemen need not look so much surprised to hear it) positively meet together, Bir, in the same room. They con stitute what is called the religious commit tee for the kingdom of the Netherlands, and so extremely desirous are they of preserving the strictest impartiality, that they have chosen a Jew for their secretary. Their conduct has been unimpeachable and unim- peoched ; the two sects are at peace with each other, and the doctrine that no faith is kept with heritics, would, 1 assure you, be very little credited at Amsterdam or the Hague, cities as essentially Protestant as the town of Beverly. “Wretched is oar condition, and still more wretched the condition of Ireland, if the Catholic does not respect his oath. He serves on grand and petty juries in both countries; we trust our lives, our liberties, and our properties, to his conscientious rev erence of an oath, and yet when it suits the purposes of a party to bring forth this argu ment, we say ne has no respect for oaths.— The right to a landed estate of £3,000 per annum was decided last week in York by a jury, the foreman of which was a Catholic ; does any human being harbor a thought that this gentleman whom we all know and respect, would, under any circumstances, have thought more lightly of the obligation of an oath than his Protestant bretheren of the box ? We all disbelieve these argu ments of Mr. A., the Catholic, and Mr. B., the Catholic ; but we believe them of Cath olics in general, of the abstract Catholics, of the Catholics of the Tiger Inn, of Bever ly, the formidable, unknown Catholics that is so apt to haunt onr clerical meetings. “It is not true that the CatholiG religi lgion isjwhat it was. I meet that assertion with a plump denial. The Pope does not de throne kings, nor give away kingdoms, does not extort money; has given up, in many instances, the nomination of bishops to Ca tholic princes, in some, I believe, to Protes tant princes; Protestant worship is now carried on at Rome. “In the Low Countries, the seat of the Duke of Alva’s cruelties, the Catholic tole rates the Protestant, and sits with him in the same Parliament—the same in Hunga ry—the same in France. The first use which even the Spanish people made of their ephemeral liberty, was to destroy the Inquisition. It was destroyed also by the mob of Portugal. I am so far from think ing the Catholic not to be more tolerant than be was, that I am much afraid the English, who gave the first lesson of toleration to man kind will very soon have a great deal tolearn from their pupils. slander. We gather front <>ur friends the Kansas, or shall import, or ai»l in importing, such i most cheering prospect from all the ut*-couu- documents, he shall suffer death. ... , . , Sec. 4. If any ]>erson shall entice, decoy, or try. 1\ C were assured that -ass county carry out of Kansas any slave belonging to nnoth- will give 300 majority for Johnson. Know er, with intent to deprive the owner thereof of Xothintiisin will find a grave where it expec- to hide a certain meekness with which pov ofVuch *rve, hTs^JXE, re oX Sri” ted « home-in Cherokee Georgia. erty is apt to clothe the countenance of her oned at hard labor for not less than ten years. P. S. Sam was in Council when doubtless adherents, that the i<al man ol wealth Sec. 5. If any person shall assist in enticing, j he initiated, as usual, near half the crowd 1 shaves his lace clean. Perhaps he cannot Ac., as above, shall suffer death, or he imprisoned; that was present. get through, the world so last with beard at hard labor for not less than ten years. and mustache to carry : perhaps iieis more Sec. 6. If any person shall entice or carry President Pierce at the White Sulphur trusted on'Change for having an unveiled, We notice that in the Kansas legislature a resolution 1ms been offered to the effect that a convention be called to frame a Con stitution prior to Kansas being admitted into the Union. It sets the first Monday in October, as the day on which the polls should he opened, and the people are to vote “Convention” or “no Convention,” on that day. If the majority are in favor of a convention,” provided this resolution passes, we may expect a petition from Kansas to be admitted as a State at the next session of Congress. K. N. Acceistous- The Discipline requests us to notice that seven, seventeen, or seventy, we quote from memory, and cannot be now definite, joined the K. N. lodg in this city on last evening. Well, neighbor we will bear this iu mind. But there is another incident *o closley con nected with this that we find it impossible to disconnect them. The K. N. papers m Tennessee, claimed for their order, at the time Gentry was nominated, 50000 members, and that they were making accessions at the Tate of 3000 a week. Well, after swel led thei r order in this measure to some in- calculable number of thousands, they, as you will remember neighbor, were beaten.— It is useless to “multiply words.” Yellow Fever Is New Orleawa. New-Orleaks, Aug. 28—The deaths from the Yellow Fever in the hospitals are only 14 daily. * . .... ,... „ „ Resolved, That we insist as an article of all they can do to rescue her, and as a dying I our creed> upon the well e8tab i ished dein0 _ resort, have thrown a rope across the broad cra tj c doctrine of State Rights, of a strict Atlantic, and in a voice of thunder, are now j construction of the Constitution and the calling on their friends in America to lay i principle of non-intervention upon all State hold and wrench them from the grasp of I questions and that the peace a nd quiet of . ,, ... the country demand that it should be left to their Monster Tyrant. Oh . then, fellow- , tbe people 0 f the Territories, as it pertains countrymen, from East to West, from North ! to the State, to determine all local questions, to South, around, above, below, come—come including the subject of slavery to the end, all, lay hold—give a long pull, a strong pull, j that a subject so disturbing in its nature and and a pull altogether, aud tear her from the I influence may be wholly excluded from the , .. . , . . . . . action of the Government of the Union, strangulating grasp of her butcher tyrant w<j ^ ^ Kuow Then join the inspiring anthem of redeemed | Nothingg are sincere and honest in their millions, and once more behold your beau- ; convictions—we know that they are patri- tiful Island, pure and regenerated, an erne- 1 otic—we ask them then, as honest, patriotic raid set in the ring of the Sea. : men all candor—to point us to a single CHAS. GUMMING, M D instance in which the K. N. party North, A«l„n*. September 1, 1855. j & I Hence, we warn you against affiliation with The Discipline. . We have no reply to make to the Ram- this Northern Aliolition K. N. party say-ical articles of the Amer. Discipline on So you—Democrats of the South—we say Col. Collier and Capt. Nelson. We will ! hoM b y your dd Democratic faith. It will treat them as we are sure the people will, with the contempt they deserve. We con fess the potency of the Discipline in mak ing charges and in sustaining them; but we think that the Discipline has underta ken a charge too high for even itself in at temptingtoimpeaeb the private characters of men so well known and so universally re peated as the candidates of the Democrat ic party. General Cass has published a letter in a Detroit paper, defining folly eiearly his views upon Know-Nothingum and the pow er of Congress over the territories. He has no sympathy with the Know-Nothing organ- carry us through this storm, as it has car ried us triumphantly through many a storm before. Your Democratic Allies at the North are not disbanded—are not wholly Abolitionized. In Vermont, Pennsylvania, New York, Iowa and other States, they have spoken in favor of the Kansas Nebraska bill, and of yonr constitutional rights. A gallant band struggles nobly for yon there, against the fearfuTodds of abolition fanati cism—with your assistance, they will con quer—without it, they must fall! Then desert them not in the hour of their need. Stand shoulder to shoulder with them. Lot the wholf South follow in the glorious wake of Yirgus^ North Carolina, Tennes see; and Alahjma, and Abolitionism will be oheokodt Union itmnvd, ^ in* tho out of any State or Territory of the United States, Springs.—A public reception was given to any slave, and shall bring such slave into this p res ident Pierce at the White Sulphur Ter V t0 .T ti\' K C e 6 imprl3 ' Springs, Ya„ on Monday last. He was wel- oned at hard labor for not less than ten rears. r j i • j i , . , Sec. 7. If any person shall entice iny slave ? omed by ex-President lvler, and m reply- to escape from the service of his master or owner, b'g complimented that gentleman on the ]>u- or shall aid any slave in escaping, he shall he iui- , rity of his administration - and its high pur- prisoned at hard labor for not less than five yeurs. > pose, bravely and wisely executed. Sec. 8. If any person in this Territory shall He indirecly denounced Know Nothing- aid or harbor any escaped slave from another as antagonistic to the doctrines and neras ™such sUi^had escapedussier principles of the constitution, and lie hoped must come home to repentance, bread and in this Territory. that Done of the modernisms would be as po- water. Uow deceitful are appearances ! Sec. 9. If any person shall resist any officer ! tentfor evil as powerless for good. He urged Who that beheld Mrs. Swell’s triumphant lUs> nHAmiitintr tn mitan? unv kIhva Ihat vnuu Kuvn i Ilia t/i avmil all linrooiov! U’liinli trora „1_ U a * n _ open face. Wc leave the enquiry for your readers to pursue at their leizure. The first of J.eptember is at hand, and Vanity and Fashion will soon come troop ing back with bag and baggage, from tho sea-side and springs of fabulous virtue.— The “swell” season is over, and snobbish families who have spent two-thirds of their annual income in ostentatious luxury, while attempting to arrest any slave that may have j his hearers to avoid all heresies which were week at Saratoga, shall conceive of the pov- eecaped, or shall rescue such slave, or aid snch j in directantagouism with the basis, doctrines eitv that shall rei’gu in herdomicile for time slave to escape from the officer, the person so of- ; and nrineinles of the constitution. t OIH olntTl OO vlVtfl 11 ltO fiiwnnil nn/1 fending shallbe imprisoned at h a nnaW for not, m * j-*? “T, • ° ld <be turned, and less than two years. The reception wa» in every respect, most the table shall be stinted, and the grocer Sec. 10. If any marshal, sheriff, or constable, | enthusistic. shall go unpaid, or perhaps notes must be or the deputy of any such officer, shall, when re- j v,mi..». j protested, and the bubble will burst. Ma- quired, refuse to aid or assist in the arrest or cap-; — “ ~ ' ture of any slave that may have escaped, thaif X l ,C fha " D, ‘ r , "” l ° 1 Pacific, states that the brave and skilful de- A Sabbath-school is about to beestablish- estor cap- j The London corespondent of the commer- uy a butterfly has flit its last hour at Cape I cial Advertiser, in his recent letter by the Map, Saratoga and Newport. ^ ’ Un .. . 4? . ,4 a, Ia. • lL,v I tli a l \ » • /-* n —. J '. 1—! 1 jTm — 1 J — A So VlVlO 4 Vl-UO V> AA1 ICO It Jill t Is, I ft a a . t ft-ft l.li ■ »L Sec. 11. If any person print, write, introduce ‘ fender of Sevastopol, General Todtleden, is . ed on board the receiving ship North Caro- nto, publish, or circulate, or cause to be brought j a Lithuanian Jew, who at the commence- lina, at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, for the nto, printed, written, published, or circulated, or | ment of the siege was but a simple lieuten- maintenance of the naval apprentices, who shall knowingly aid or assist in bringing into, i aut) alld } ia8 now achieved a world-wide number 100. There are uow 500 recruits ! rapfatatfOn for skill andvalor. Aohille Fould, on board the North Carolina. It is said statements, doctrinist4^ ’calculated tTproduce i | late Minister of Finauce of Louis Napoleon, that a German was murdered in Canal St. *Va a<* *—-T*— v_ i iind’vAf nnA (if hk sihlr»sfr DuiuKAllnra k « this morning. j\o particulars known. disaffection among the slaves of this territory, he ' and yet one ot his ablest counsellors, is u this morning shall be.punished by imprisonment at hard labor ! Jew, and is one of the house of Fould, Oppen- - for not less than five years. i hiem & .Co bankers of Paris. It was through '— * See. 12. If any free person, by speaking, or by i Mr. Fould’s sagacious suggestions that the Ueath Spring.—A late California paper writing, assert or maintain that persons bhW L re d UC tion in:the<&encfai5 per cents to 4* mentions tho discovery of a spring in El the right to hold slaves in the territory, or shall introduce into Kansas, print, publish; writc,circn- late, or cause to be introduced into the territory, — — -—- ...... ^ - written, printed, published, or cirq uluted iu this j war loans to the people, instead of appeal- P 06Ite > s thirty leet thick, and crops out of territory, any book, paper, magazine, pamphlet/ ingto the Stock Exchange for support. the surface ot the earth. 4 eins in it abound or circular, containg any denial of the rights of persons to hold slaves in this territory, such per son shall be deemed guilty of felony, and punish ed by imprisonment at hard lahor for a term not less than two years. Sec. 13. No person who is conscientiously: op posed to holding slaves * * * shall sit as a juror on the trial of any prosecution for any violation of any of the sections of this act. Act to be in force after September 15, 1855. From the Nobile Register. NT The Hon. Robert Toombs, will re turn home from a visit to Europe, on the 9th proximo. The voice ef this Ablerad e 1- oqnsNt'stotoinnisn will beheardYfttofest Nor thern Sam, and in defonoeof tin _ icon idee of civil and religions liberty.— per cento was so successfully effected, and ® 01 ' ado county in that ; btate, whose waters advised the submission of the late various A° w f l ‘ orn a bed of arsenic. The mineral de- Mr. B Disraeli as an author and politic- " g old - and specimens of the aurif- ian is well known on lx>th sides of the At- 1 lerous ore have been shown to the editor of Iantic. As leader in the House of Commons i tke P1 acer,ville American. The name of it and Chancellor of the Exchequer, he has oc- !?® ath S P riu S> has been given to the stream, cupied positions only granted to the first I ^be existence of ft is supposed to acoouut tor minds in the British empire. He is also i Ae mortality among the gold miners at tho a Jew and of pure blood. In the United j earl >' P enod of the California epidemic. States, tile Senate has two of the children ' Ex-Senator Dickinson, of New York, has of Jacob, viz: Senators Yulee aud Benjamin . i written a letter to the editor of the Florida Jour- The latter, though but a short- time in the na! denouncing tho Know Nothings. Senate, has already much influence in that ' The ab ° ve > taken fronl tllc Louisville Bulletin, august body. Senator Yulee’s father was a j ll ? c . f paper ot the Louisville Journal, 4m oaodi rvF a _ plainly indicates tins view taken by a Kuow Noth- £ W ® . “S of Mr. Dickinson’s letter, which was polished aevc frsna Morocco. N, Y. Express. u few mornings since t>y the Eagle £ Enquirer, ns jr K^RTUCXtElections.—Louisville August. ^*. t , co j d ?‘? ,ed 11 vast amount of “aid aud comfort ’ 27.—The official majority for Morehead. for , d T. not s " r P« Be V* to majority Governor, is 4,403. find our neighbor “catching at straws’’—drowning nto will do that.—Memphis Appeal. A Moat Gloomy Picture. A most worthy citizen sends the Rich mond Enquirer the following, which is enough to make one’s heart bleed for the sufferings of our brethren : Norfolk, Aug. 18, 1855. There is no abatement of the yellow fever cither in this city or Portsmouth. During this week, there has been a daily increase in the burials at Norfolk, and from all I can learn, the last twenty hours will show about 12 deaths, many of whom are our best and most useful citizens. Thousands of our people have left us, and many more are daily going off to occupy corn houses and stables, half frantic with alarm. I learn to-day that cases have oc curred three miles from this city, which makes us poor mortals think that we here should be better contented with our condi tion. My heart sickens at the recital of our sufferings, and hence I will say no more.— This is decidedly the saddest day we have as yet experienced in Norfolk. I trust in God “this plague” may not visit Richmond. It becomes every day more mysterious, and truly it walketh in darkness. Your friend, J. W. [From the Washington Union.] The Aagnat Election* For the convenience of future reference, we give below the result of the Augusteiec- tion complete for members of Congress: NORTH CAROLINA. 1. it. T. Payne. K. N. 5. E. G. Reade, K. N. 2. T. Ruffin, D. 0. R. C. Piiryear, K. N. 3. W. Winslow. It 7. B. S. Craige, D- 4. V,. O’B. Btjii • t,P. 8. T. L. Clingman, D. KENTUCKY. 1. H. Burnett, t . t>. J. M. Elliot, D. 2. J. P. Cambi... K. N. 7. H. Marshall, K. N. 3. W. L. Underwood, K. N 8. A. K. Marshall, K. N. 4. A. G. Talbot, D. 9. L. M. Cox, K. N. 5. J. H. Jewett, D. 10. S. F. Swope, K. N. TENNESSEE. 1. A. G. Watkins, D. 0. G. W. Jones, D. 2. W. H. Sneed, K. .V. 7. J. V. Wright, D. 3. S. A. Smith, D. 8. F. K. Zollicoffer, K. N. 4. J. H- Savage, I>. 9. E. F.thelridge, K. N. 5. C. Ready, K. X. 10. X. Rivers, K. N. ALABAMA. 4. W. R. Smith, K. N. 5. G. S. Houston, D. 6. W. R. W. Cobb, D. 7. J. F. Dodwell, I>. Texas. Mathew Ward, P. S. P. H. Bell, D. RECAFITULATION- 33d Congress. 34th Congress- E. Walker, K. N. E. Shorter, D. S. W. Harris, D. Whigs Dem. K.N. Dem: North Caroliua 4 4 3 6 Kentucky 5 5 6 4 Tennessee tl 4 6 5 Alabama 2 6 2 5 Texas 2 2 •— — 17 20 17 16 21 16 Democratic Maj. 2 & Mary Williams and her American born child, who were sent back from Boston to Ireland some months sinoe against her will, was brought back in the ship Chataworth, arrived at Boston a few days since, she was brought back at Mr Train’s expense, who indignant that she was carried away in the manner she was, and declared that]hereafter his packets should not be turaed-into prison ships. The reports from Norfolk and Portsmouth are really alarming. The fever seems to be raging with no abatement from its violence. On Sunday, the deaths in Portsmouth alone, amounted to thirty, and on Monday the re port is that the disease was rapidly increas ing. There have been two hundred and twelve deaths since the 9th inst. A pri vate letter to the South Side Democrat, (Pe tersburg) dated Saturday, says that there were seven or eight hundred cases in the city. Mayor Woodis who has been for some time sick, died on Sunday morning, a victim to his own benevolence and magnanimity. He had abundant opportunities for leaving the city, but he still remained for his own death. The South Side Democrat says: “Since the moment that the pestilence first visited the city of Norfolk, he has walked the unceas ing round of his responsible and dangerous duly with a courage and a zeal which knew neither fear nor fatigue. No remonstrance could move him from the task to which he had devoted himself. He offered his life a willing sacrifice if Providence should see fit to call him. Wherever the pestilence raged most fiercely, and men shrank most in terror from its approach, Woodis was seen battling bravely against it, and throwing a succoring arm aroand its trembling victims. After weeks of heroic exertion, he fell at last on Thursday evening, after a day we are told, of nnparalleled effort, and was carried to the hospital. Broken down with weari ness and watching, his exhausted frame sunk rapidly under the terrible scourge, and Sunday morning, despite the prayers and labors and love of a stricken people, he died. His loss is an irreparable calamity— the heaviest blow that has befallen the af flicted cities. How heavy then to his poor wife and four or five little children. Be the widow’s husband and the orphan’s father a friend to them, for there never was dropped a tear over the grave of a nobler soul than » Hunter Woodis. The Great Iron Steamship.—In the construction of the great iron steamship now building on the Thames, the whole of the vessel has been formed of a double “skin”- of iron, with an intervening space of three" 1 feet; the material is disposed of longitudirf- J ally, by which the fabric is rendered stron ger; and the outer“skin” might be rent or torn against a rock without causing the ship to leak, if the inner one remained un broken. Not only is the ship divided trans versely into ten compartments, but two lon gitudinal bulkheads of iron run fore and aft, about forty feet wide apart. By these iron darty walla the whole ship is portioned out into so many fire proof abartments, as to pe good security agrinst fire. Kansas.-—A letter to the St. Louis Repub lican, dated Kansas, Aug. 14,says: The Legislature is now laying off the coun ties^ Squire Reeder is still at Shawnee, bat is expected to leave very soon! W» have just seen that Dawson has declined'the ’Goverment, and that Shannon, of Ohio, is appointed, and has accepted the office. We do not know mooh about Shannon, ex cept that he is a Kenaae-Nebraska man, and is an ex-Govenen butwe have fair hopes of htm, adheis aWeetam man, and posessed of goodl practical WM.