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THE SOUTHERNffWORLD, FEBRUARY 1, 1882,
Mnnufnciurlnir In Atlanta.
Atlanta (Georgia) is a marvel to the world.
Her rapid increase in population since 1805
has not been more marked than ber growth
as a commercial and railroad center. Witlr
out facilities cf either coal or water, such as
enjoyed b f other cities, she has steadily
developed as a manufacturing point of no
mean pretensions. The value of her raanti'
factoring interests now reach into the mil'
lions. While we' do not now intend to
touch upon the philosophy of Atlanta’s de
velopment, vne propose speaking of some of
her industries.
As the “farmer feeds all,” so the plow is
the Genesis of agricultural improvement,
In 1870 a quiet, unostentatious gentleman
came to Atlanta and located on Marietta
street, running back to the right of way of
the Western & Atlantic Railroad. Mr. Elias
Haimnn, the gentleman referred to, erected
several shops and began making plows.
Everything was made in the shops that
could possibly be done. He selected his
wood with great care, and stored it away to
season. The plows were made of the best
American steel. Nearly all the machinery
used in fashioning and completing the
plows was invented by Mr. Haiman himself.
Plows of every pattern are made here, and
find a ready market in all the Southern
States. As his business increased, Mr. Hai-
man added to his works, until now he has a
front of 580 feet on Marietta street, and em
ploys some 300 hands. He has separate
engines to run the wood-working depart
ment and machine shop, and an engine of
100-liorse power to run the machinery nsed
in forging, hammering,grinding and polish
ing, and in running the foundry.
The works turn out an immense number
of plows daily, their capacity being double
that of last year. A track from the W. & A.
R. R. runs into the yards, discharging
material for the works by the car load. The
upper yard is stored with lumber laid up
for seasoning. The works are known as the
“ Southern Agricultural Works." The value
of these works in real estate is over $100,-
000.
Mr. Haiman may possibly add wagon-
nidking to his other productions.
The Clarke Seed Cotton Cleaner Manu
facturing Company manufacture their
machine at Mr. Johnson’s shops. This is a
valuable machine for clcuning trash and
storm cotton, and is growing into popularity
with amazing rapidity. The capacity for
making these cleaners is about 3.000 per
annum. The demand is equal to the sup
ply, and an enlargement of the shop is
necessary. The price of the machines are
$75. It was awarded $100 and a gold medal
at the Cotton Exposition as the best ma
chine for cleaning dirt, dust, sand and trash
out of cotton.
Just opposite of Mr. Haiman’s are the
shops of Mr. Joseph H. Johnson, who makes
plows, gins, gin-gearing, cotton presses, and
agricultural machinery. Mr. Johnson is
developing a good line of business, which is
bound to grow to larger dimensions.
SCIENTIFIC AND MISCELLANEOUS.
A train made a trial trip through the St.
Gothard tunnel in fifty minutes, returning
in thirty-three.
Two Philadelphia mechanics claim to hare
discovered a device for running street cars
by a series of powerful steel springs. At the
end of each trip the car is to be wound up
like a clock.
The Illinois Industrial University has set
a model for other mechanical institutes to
follow. The course of practical education
comprises pattern making, moulding and
founding, blacksmi thing, bench work,'ma
chine tool work, etc.
Philadelphia manufactures more carpets
than the whole of Great Britain, and two-
thirds of all made in the United States. It
is further stated that many of the carpet
manufacturers are rich, and are growing
richer every day.
In the German empire there are 59,008
flour-mills, employing 120,563 hands. There
are 79,252 bakeries, employing 120,034hands.
The proportion of mills to the population
is larger than in any other country. A
great number of them are grist mills, how
ever, and do only a small local trade.
A new speed indicator, called the strath-
mograph, for indicating the speed of loco- .
motives, has been introduced on the
Hanoverian railroads. By it the engineer
can read from a scale the actual speed of his
locomotive at any moment, besides a record
of the trip kept on a strip of paper.
There is a scheme on foot for a circum-
vallating canal at New Orleans starting
about Carrollton, running in a semi-circular
course behind the city and emptying into
the river at the barracks. It will be 300feet
wide and 30 feet deep, and will serve not
only to drain the city but also for purposes
of navigation, giving the city two water
fronts. Congress will be asked for an ap
propriation to assist tbe work.
The deodorizing punkah, or chemical
lung, has not come a moment too soon. It
is cheap, effective, universally wanted, and
of universal application. It is simply
rough towel, stretched and kept saturated
with carbolic acid or caustic soda in solu
tion. This, waved punkah fashion in a sick
room, purifies the air in a very short time.
At a trifling cost work-rooms full of old and
young peoplo craving for oxygen can be
made sweet and wholesome.
The following figures indicate the wide
difference still existing in the economic
conditions of railroads in Europe and
America. Operating railroads cost in 1880,
in England, 42.14 per cent, of the receipts;
Germany, 45 per cent.; Belgium, 58.0 per
cent.; Switzerland, 55.4 percent.; Italy, 01.5
per cent.; America, 58.5 per cent. Thegross
receipts j»er mile were, in France, $13,000;
in England, $17,450, and in America, $0,240.
Thebe is no country in the world growing
rich faster than this. The rate of increase
in wealth is two millions ot dollars a day.
The annual increase of wealth in the United
States is estimated at eight hundred and
twenty-five millions, while the annual accu
mulation in Great Britain is three hundred
and twenty-five millions; in France three
hundred and seventy-six millions, and in
Germany only two hundred millions. An
nual incomes reach the highest averages in
this country and Great Britain—one hundred
and sixty-five dollars.
When ten or coffee pots have been used a
long time they become thoroughly saturated
and give off enough of the stale remains of
previous drawings to greatly impair the fine
aroma that good tea or coffee always posses
ses. Pots of tin plate (tin pots) that have
not lost their coating of tin so as to leave
spots of the iron bare, and pots of earthen
ware can be made os pure and good ns new
by nearly filling them with heated water
and then dropping live (wood) coals into
them and allowing them to stand with the
coals in the water for a few minutes.
It is said that fire-proof houses can be
built of cotton and straw. In preparing
these materials, raw cotton of inferior
quality, the scattered refuse of plantations
and sweepings of factories, are mixed and
converted into a paste, which becomes as
hard as stone, and then is called architect
ural cotton. It may be nade in large slabs,
whereby the building of a house would be
rapid in comparison with laying brick after
brick, and at about one-third the cost. For
the other part wheat straw is treated in a
way already known, and converted into
paste-board. The sheets thus prepared are
soaked in a solution, which hardens the
fibers, and are then compressed under enor
mous power into beams and boards of any
required size, and the effect of the soaking
is said to render them difficult of combus
tion.
Experiments are being made in New Or
leans upon a street pavement composed of
blocks of Cuban asphalt combined with
crushed limestone. The blocks are 12 by 5
by 4 inches, and are compressed by a weight
of 50 tons to the block. The advantages
claimed for this pavement are noiselessness,
cleanliness, impenetrability by water, and
the ease with which it cvn be taken up and
roplaccd.
The Commissioner of Crown Lands for
the province of Ontario estimates the loss in
ten years from waste in cutting square pine,
in that province alone, at over three and-a-
hnlf millions of dollars, all of which would
be saved if the round log were taken to the
mill. This does not include the waste of
the upper portions of the tree, which is also
needlessly cast away when square timber is
made.
AFbenchman, M. de Bfschop, recently
won a prize of $200 for a small motor suited
to use in families. His engine is worked by
gas, and the operation costs, at the prices
current in Paris, 2 cents an hour for ma
chines doing 30.17 foot pounds per second;
5 cents an hour for machines performing at
the rate of 108.8 foot pounds per second.
The smaller machines are sold for $100; the
larger ones for $180.
Europe is said to use up annually 80,915
tons weight of wood in matches alone.
Germany burns more matches than any
other country, a German economist says,
because of the prevalent habit of -smoking.
In that country it is estimated that every
day fifteen matches per head of the popula
tion are used; in Belgium about nine; in
England eight, and in France six. The
consumption decreases steadily from north
to south. On the average the population of
Europe may be said to burn six or seven
matches per head every day.
From 600 to 800 glass eyes are sold in
Chicago every year, and it is estimated that
there are now one thousand wearers of glass
eyes in that city. The best eyes are made
at Uri, in Germany, which is located in the
vicinity of fine silicates and other minerals
needed in the manufacture of eyes. Some
wearers of glass eyes have two kinds for use,
one for daylight with a small pupil, another
for the night with a large pupil correspond
ing to the greater dilation of the natural
eye, during darkness.
One of the most curious properties of
quicksilver is its capability of dissolving or
of forming amalgams with other metals.
A sheet of gold foil, dropped into quick
silver, disappears almost as quickly as a
snowflake when it drops into water. It 1ms
the power of separating or of readily dis
solving those refractory metals which are
not acted upon by our most powerful acids.
The gold and silver miners pour it into
their machines holding the powdered gold-
bearing quartz; and, although no human
eye can detect a trace of the precious sub
stance, so fine are the particles, yet the
liquid metal will hunt them out, and incor
porate it into its mass. By subsequent dis
tillation it yields it into the hands of the
miners, in a state of virgin purity.
The Inman Steamship Company achieved
the distinction of putting afloat the largest
vessel designed for mercantile and passenger
business ever constructed—leaving the Great
Eastern out of the count—and is likely to
retain it. The City of Rome was heralded
long in advance of her appearance, and
great things promised in her name. She
made one trip to New York some weeks ago,
encountering some of the lough weather
which buffeted the Atlantic fleets so severe
ly during the closing months of 1881. It is
said that on returning to Liverpool she was
found to be so badly wrenched that the
company threw her back on the hands of
tho builders. That something is awry in
ber case is evident, for her name has been
withdrawn from the Inman advertisements.
That a number of small steamers went to the
bottom during tho November hurricanes is
no longer doubted. Tho larger craft rode the
waves safely, none, excepting the City of
Rome, receiving disabling injuries. The
mean of safety embraced vessels ranging
from 3,000 to 0,000 tons burden. Beyond
this limit experience is likely to prove it
unwise to go on in constructing steamships,
on the prevailing model.
How to Keep Lamp Chimneys.—The fol
lowing receipt for keeping lamp chimneys
from cracking is taken from the Diamond,
a Leipzig journal devoted to the glass inter
est: Place your tumblers, chimneys or
vessels which you desire to keep from crack
ing in a pot filled with cold water and a
little cooking salt, allow the mixture to boil
well over a fire, and then cool slowly. Gloss
treated in this way is said not to crack, even
if exposed to very sudden changes of tem
perature. Chimneys are said to become
very durable by this process, which may
also be extended to crockery, stone ware,
porcelain, etc. The process is simply one
of annealing, and the slower the process,
especially the cooling portion of it, the
more effective will be the work.
The preserve factory at St. Augustine,
Fla., is doing so large a business that it has
to be enlarged.
The immense oyster beds in the vicinity
of St. Augustine, Fla., if properly managed,
would prove a great industry.
The Lobdell Car-wheel Company, of Wil
mington, Del., has purchased 1,500 acres in
Wythe county, Va., for its coal deposits.
A New England company has decided to
build a three hundred thousand dollar cot
ton factory at Fort Worth, Texas.
Six hundred and fifty operatives are em
ployed in the Wesson mills, Mississippi.
The mills run twenty-two out of the twenty-
four hours frequently.
A party of English capitalists are devel
oping the coal interests near Dayton, Tenn.
They propose mining coal on an extensive
scale, erect coke ovens and an iron furnace.
A consolidation of the iron mills of St.
Louis has been effected, with a capital of
$5,000,000. The number of new railroads in
construction in the West makes an active
demand for iron.
Eleven thousand seven hundred and
eighty-eight people are employed ip the
manufacture of cotton in Alabama, Georgia,
South Carolina and Tennessee; double the
number employed in 1870.
There are six large cotton mills in and
around Petersburg, Va. They have 28,000
spindles, and the past year consumed about
11,000 bales of cotton, and manufactured
over 11,000,000 yards of cloth.
Fall River, Mass., has had a prosperous
building year. Four new mills have been
started, which use 125,000 spindles, and add
over $1,500,000 to the manufacturing capital
of the city, and four more mills will bo done
by spring, which will raise the total number
of new spindles to at least a quarter of tu
million.
Colonel Jordon, the energetic agent of the
Palmetto Paper Company is procuring large
quantities of palmetto leaves for his compa
ny. All kinds of Palmetto are made use of
—the common saw palmetto, the blue ham
mock palmetto, and the cabbage palm leaves.
Care has been exercised to exclude any cal
cined pieces. The leaf and the stem are both
made use of.—[Fernandina Mirror.
Kentucky contains one of the largest beds
of iron ore in the world, a largo part of which
is so located as to be easy of development.
There are two extensive coal fields in the
State, combining a united area of over 13,000
square miles. The western fields, which
comprise over three-fourths of this area,
contain an immense tonnage of bituminous
coal, together with large deposits of cannel
coal, the latter of which is unusually pure
and ridh. It will not be long before Ken
tucky joins the column of manufacturing
8tates; and Texas, having the same advan
tages, will follow suit.
Where the Boulders Come From.
1NDUSTKIAL ITEMS.
Chattanooga, Tenn., has a new stovo com
pany.
Monticello, Fla., is to have a cotton-seed
oil mill.
The Huntsville, Ala., cotton mills are in
operation.
Bennett and Llano county, Texas, have
fine marble.
Rockinohau, N. C., has a $200,000 cotton
mill with 4,000 spindles.
A cotton mill is to be erected in Stone-
ville, Washington county, Miss.
The maximum yearly production of iron
ore in Kentucky is 105,420 tons.
The Ledbetter cotton mill, in the vicinity
of Rockingham, Va., is completed.
Leak, Wall A McRae's cotton mill, near
Rockingham, Va., is turning out thread.
All have seen the immense boulders called
lost rock ” in some sections, scattered over
the northern part of the United States,
which have little or no resemblance to nny
mass of rocks any where in the vicinity,
and have perhapsoskedthequestion: Where
did they come from? Also the heaps of
sand, gravel, and cobble stone of various
sizes, which form many of our ridges, knolls
and hills, and which are totally unlike any
fixed rock near them. All these phenome
na are attributed to a single cause, and that
is the great sheet of ice which nature stored
up ages ago without the necessity of pro
tecting it in an ice-house. According to
Agassiz, the sheet of ice extended in this
country as far south as South Carolina or
Alabama, and was thick enough to cover
ail the mountains of the eastern part of
North America, with the exception of Mt.
Washington. This peak projected, a lone
sentinel qn that vast waste of ice, two or
three hundred feet. In the latitude of
northern Massachusetts, he conceives the
ice to have been two and three miles thick
The boulders were all torn off by tbe advanc
ing ice sheet, from the projecting rocks over
which it moved, and carried or pushed as
“ bottom drift," scratching and plowing
the surface over which they passed, and be
ing scratched and polished themselves in re
turn, till they were finally brought to rest
by the melting of the ice. They were not
carried as far south as the ice sheet extend
ed, seldom beyond the parallel of forty de
grees north. The native copper of Lake Su
perior was drifted four or five hundred
miles south; and the pudding stones of Rox-
bury, Mass., were carried as far south as the
Island of Psnlkese,—Srivnttfo Amtrican.