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MS SOtmERN WORLD, JUNE 15, 1882. 6 a sharp knife, not with shears, though they are better than none. The large limbs of trees should never be cut off at all, nor the tops cut below the last year's growth. All cuttings should be made just above another branch and cut closely at the sur face, parallel with the direction of the limb left. Thus the sap in entering the limb left, at once covers up the cut surface with new wood, and secures it against rot and the weather. If the limb is too large to be cov ered in one year with wood, the cut should be coated with varnish or common lead paint; if very large, the lead is best. Disregard these principles and what is the result? The limb cut a foot more or less from the trunk, and especially the top, not being soon cured by the sap, even when small sprouts put out, rots, and the water of the rains enter past the albumen, when no cure is possible—the very trunk decays and the tree is dead. I never was in favor of the whipping post, but I feel very much like founding it for those who thus trim trees— cutting the very arteries of their bodies. RE8BTTINO. All tilings being ready, one person should set the tree in the center of the hole and an other spread out the roots carefully in equal radii as near as possible; then the rich earth thrown out, and more prepared if needed, should be thrown equally over the whole ex cavation, the person holding the tree shak ing it up slightly so as to settle the earth around the center of the roots; and after the top-most roots are covered, agentle tread ing with the feetsliould be used till the hole is about filled two or three Inches above the general level. The tree, ns a general rule, should be set a few in ches lower than it grew, and where that can not be done, a good mulch of leaves or short straw, add such like should be given. When the earth is detached from the roots, a good water ing should be given before the last filling up of the holes, the last dry dirt thrown on act ing as a mulch. I add, that wet soil should in no branch of agri culture be stirred with the hoe or otherwise; for soil thus packed is unfit for the roots of plants till w i n t e r’s freeze disintegrates them. The poor soil thrown out may be scattered far around, or moved tosomeother place. Some years ago, a nurseryman sent me two flowering peach trees which he said never bore fruit; be ing double blossomed. I set one in a well pul verized rose-bed, and the other in the lawn sod. The one in the rose-lied is yet a vigorous tree, bear ing double peaches, and the other being dwarfed and fuiling In beauty, was years ago cut away. So much for culture. TUB OROUriNU OF TRKE8 is absolutely necessary if long trunks are needed for timber, because the stems re quire, ns in nature, protection against sun and the winds of winter. But single trees will grow well only when the branches are allowed to the very ground, for then these limbs protect the tree against the sun, winds and under grass. And I am decidedly in fa vor of all fruit trees approximating this as near as convenience will allow. Some of my apple trees have limbs resting on the ground, and in an orchard where all meth ods were tried, they have proved the health iest and most productive. For a more elab orate statement of tree-culture, I refer my readers to my last paper before the Cincin nati Forestry Congress. White Hall, Ky. Miss Mattie A. Collins, of Clarksville, Tonn., has very flue “scrub” cattle, equal ing in popularity, blooded stock. A Texas lady in describing her appetite said it was so poor that a flea would be a bar becue for her. |m MM gtyarimmi Breaking A Colt. This hra very important part of the educa tion of a horse. Indeed, the future useful ness of the animal will depend in a very large degree upon the skill and judgment exercised in what is generally, and too cor rectly termed, “breaking” the colt. The practice of allowing the colt to run at large without handling or training until it is nearly grown is about os rational as it would be to leave a child without attention, except to supply the necessary food and clothing, until it approaches manhood. The training of both, to be effectual, must commence at a tender age when it is easily and permanently impressible. The colt should be educated to the bridle while at its mother’s side, and handled at short intervals until ready for the saddle. It should be taught to submit to control, and to feel that nothing but kindness is in tended. It should never be roughly handled, but treated with the utmost kindness and rewarded with food at the close of each lesson. After it becomes well accustomed to the bridle a broad surcingle should be placed upon the little student, the hand frequently passed over and pressed gently upon its back and rubbed down the legs. When two years old add a saddle to the surcingle and bridle, and when accustomed to wearing the saddle, Improvise a straw figure and fasten it to the saddle, repeating the lessons with this and gradually increasing the weight until the colt becomes familiar with the “ man on his back." A light rider may now be substituted for the straw man, and the student is edu cated for the saddle. Prepare him by similar gradual approaches for the buggy, by first adding a light collar to the bridle and surcingle, then the hames and traces, and finally the full set of harness, teach ing him in the meantime to drive in harness and finally in shafts—always treating with gentleness and kindness. If the training is begun at the proper time and continued at short intervals during colthood, no " break ing" will be required, and the animal will be much more valuable than if treated in the usual rough manner, by which the spirit of the animal is so broken as to injure its usefulness. If it is neglected until the animal is nearly or quite grown the task is much more diffi cult and attended with more or less danger to both the animal and those who attempt to break it In such case tho sooner the horse is completely subdued the better; and the best plan wo know of is to arrange to safely throw him at will. To do this •“ place a rope or rein around the horse's body, form ing a surcingle; pass the other end under the tail and bring it bock, tying it to the part under the body, thus forming a surcin- glcand crupper. Put a ring an inch in .diam eter in the surcingle on the back; then strap up the right foreleg as follows: take a quarter- strap, pass it two or three times around be low the fetlock, then through the crupper; bring the leg up and buckle close to the belly; place around the neck a quarter inch strong rope, loosely fixing the knot so it will not slip; bring the end down the near side of the head through the mouth and back on the off side through the ring in the surcingle; now take n position on the near side of the horse, commencing to pull gently, allowing him to strugglo a short time, after which he will lie down quite easily, without sustaining any injury. By adhering strictly to the instructions given, every person will readily see that the object in laying the horse down is to give him to understand that you are roaster; and after repeating this two or three times, lie will be perfectly satisfied of the fact. While down, place a small pole be tween his legs, moving it about; if he shows fear or resists, give him a sharp pull on the cord in his mouth by way of correction. In other words,'punish him for doing wrong and caress him for doing right, thus making him understand the difference between right and wrong." J. S. N. •Professor Pratt’s Horse Fricml. Live Stock. A little three-page bulletin from the cen sus office is very full of information that is at least interesting to all who are not vege tarians. The table of the report shows that in 1880 the aggregate number of horses in the United States was 10,357,081, that being 45 per cent increase since 1870; mules and asses, 1,812,032, increase 01 percent; workingoxen, 093,070, decrease 25 per cent; milch cows, 12,443,503, lucrease 30 percent; other cattle, 22,488,500, increase 00 per cent; sheep, 85,- 101,056, increase 24 percent; swine 47,083,- 051, increase 90 per cent; Indian corn, in crease 131 per cent; population, increase, 30 percent. Ranch stock is not Included in these figures, nor are horses, mules, cows and swine (in cities or elsewhere) belonging to persons not owning or occupying farms. It will be seen that all classes of live stock except working oxen, show a rate of increase considerably larger than that of population, the exception In the case of sheep being probably only apparent, as in 1870, in spite of the instructions from the census office, a considerable number of spring lambs were included in the report of sheep. Tho num ber of sheep given is exclusive of spring lambs, being in fact those shorn at the spring clip of 1880. It should be borne in mind that the corn crop returned in 1880 (the production of 1870) was an exceedingly poor one, so that the percentage of gain indicated by these figures is greater than would have been shown had the crop of that year com]>ared favorably with the production of cither the preceding or succeeding year. The number of workingoxen has increased iu only fifteen of the forty-seven states and territories, and. with the exception of Mich igan, this increase is confined to the south and far west. In Georgia there were 08,520 horses, an in crease in ten years of 20 per cent.; 132,078 mules, increase 51 per cent.; working oxen, 50,020, increase 8 per cent. Georgia is not a horse-owning state, her people holding 20 per cent, less than the people of Alabama, and on!y about one-third the number owned in Tennessee. Georgia and Tennessee arc al- mostly alike in population, and yet Georgia lias only 89,520 horses against 200,119 in Ten nessee. We have 132,078 mules, but Ton- ncssce holds 173,488. Ot working oxen wa have 00,020, while Tennessee has 27,340. Our excess of working oxen offsets Tennessee’s excess in mules, leaving Tennessee nearly 200,000 horses ahead of us in the matter of draught animals. The difference In popula tion is less than 1,000. Of milch cows Geor gia owns 315,078, an in crease of 36 per cent.; Tennessee owns 308,- 382, an increase of 25 percent. Of other cat tle Georgia is credited with 544,812, an in crease of 32 per cent.; Tennessee with 452,- 402, an increase of 34 per cent. Of sheep Georgia has 527,589, an increase of 20 per conb Of swine we had in 1880, 1,471,003, an in crease in ten years of 49 percent.; but Ten nessee had 2,158,100, an increase of 18 per cent. The rate of in crease in the produc tion of Indian corn in Georgia during the de cade preceeding 1880 was 31 per cent., while the population increas ed 30 per cent. The gain of Indian corn in Tennessee was 52 per cent, and of popula tion 23 per cent. We have compared Georgia with Tennes see because they are neighboring States of almost equal popula tion ; and the figures are against us. Tennes see is far richer in horses, mules, sheep and swine. We have more cattle, but the aggregate of animals is against us. And the figures are still less flattering when northern states of nearly popula tion are brought in. Wisconsin has four horses where we have one, twice as many cattle, three times as many sheep, and about the like number of swine. Michigan has 2,180,380 sheep against 627,588 in Geor gia. Kansas has more swine, and twice the number of cattle. We desire to call the attention of our read ers to the advertisement of W. G. Smith & Co., of Mansfield, Ohio, who are breeding and shipping a new and most valuable breed of swine, known as the Cheshire. We know of none of this stock in Georgia, but notice from a number of testimonials from Mobile, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Kentucky, that the stock is spoken of in the highest possible terms by breeders who have bought of this firm. We learn that the stock is perfectly white, pure bred, and that its fine grazing and early fattening qualities, and improve ment of other pure bred or common stock when crossed upon the same.—Adv. Col. Lamar, of Scooba, Miss., has a Jersey cow from which ho obtains 14 pounds of butter per week. This at 60 cents per pound (Atlanta price), would net $242 per annum. CJLY8DESDALE STALLION, IMPORTED BY POWELL BROS., SPRINGBORO, PENN.