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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, JULY 16, 1882.
Scotch snuff to the green worm without the
slightest effect upon the little vandals. The
only remedies we have found effectual are
salt and hand-picking. A solution of cobalt
will destroy them, but we do not like to re
commend poison of any kind to be used on
plants that are used as human food. Py-
rethrum is said to be perfectly innoxious to
human beings, but we would rather use it
on cotton than cabbage.
It is proper that we should state that the
saltor brine must be used with the greatest
care to prevent injury to the plants. The first
time we used salt we destroyed almost as
many cabbages as the worms, by too heavy
an application. Hot water will kill the
worms, but it is a nice question to know ex
actly the temperature that will kill the
worm without destroying the cabbage. We
have, after resorting to all sorts of remedies
for the worm, come to the deliberate con
clusion that band-picking is really the only
reliable remedy, for either the worm, or the
Harlequin, Lincoln, or terrapin bug. If our
inquirer has a fish pond containing perch or
brim, and is blessed with small children, the
latter will derive endless amusement from
catching the worms to feed the fish. The
down which envelops the worms causes them
to float on the surface from which the fish
take them, to the infinite amusement of the
children.
If the Harlequin bugs are caught when
they first appear and destroyed, they can be
managed. We have always succeeded In
managing the Harlequin by destroying the
first crop that makes its appearance in the
spring. If this crop is allowed to mature
and propagate its species, they soon become
so numerous as to be uncontrollable.
J. S. N.
^tack §fje#nrtment.
t Camp's Creamery.
The fame of the Scrub Dairy Farm at Col
orado Kanch, near Covington, Gu., is at
tracting general attention to the subject of
the improvement of our common" scrub cat
tle. The editor of the Southern World not
long since paid a visit to the ranch and in
spected the cows and farm. At the outset
we were struck with the practical economy
of Mr. Camp and wife, in the management
of the farm. He and his family do all the
work, and every thing is done in a system
atic manner—there is no waste. Mr. Camp
uses no meats in his family, and a healthier
family we have never seen.
Mr. Camp has about fifty acres in his farm,
lying on both sides of Dried Indian Creek.
The bottom land is rich, and put in clover,
(as it will be this fall), will yield him an
enormous quantity of hay. He grazes his
cattle alternately on three meadows, and
makes all the hay on his place. He feeds
them liberally in winter, but not so much
in summer. He manages, with the aid of
improved machinery, to do a great deal of
work, and do it thoroughly.
Mr. Camp has ten cows. One is part Brah
min and one a half Jersey—the balance are
common scrubs. The highest price he paid
was for the half Jersey cow, “Spot,” $25; he
has been offered $200 for her and refused it.
A scrub that he paid $15 for, gives three gal
lons of milk per day; the half Jersey four
gallons per day. The cows average six quarts
per day as a whole.
He obtains sixteen gallons per day, which
is placed in a creamer inside his dwelling.
The creamer resembles a common refrigera
tor in appearance. Two large cans are filled
with the milk and let stand in the top of the
creanier from twenty-four to thirty-six
hours. The cans are immersed in wuter,
which is changed twice per day. The water
is close at hand, the well on the outside of
the house being connected with a pump on
the inside, which forces the water into the
creamer. Pipes at the bottom of the cans
let off the water when needed, and other
pipes allow the milk to be drawn off leaving
the cream intact in the cans.
The cream is kept cool and soft, and when
ready, is placed In one of Stoddard’s barrel
churns of forty-five gallon capacity. It is
claimed that this is the only churn that will
give granulated bntter. One thing can be
said of it, and that is, that it does its work
well. A dog-power connects the churn with
a tread-mill, which is operated by the
“Duke of Ingomar,” a Jersey bull calf three
months old. At first he don’t take much to
the work, but when he gets down to it he
does his work well. The churn revolves on
pivots end over end, without dasher or ped
dle. In less than one hour twenty gallons
of cream isconverted into twenty-five pounds
of crystaliced golden globules of sweet and
pure butter. The milk is drawn off out of
the churn, the salt added, and a few vibra
tions of the churn thoroughly incorporates
the salt with the butter. It is now taken up
and let stand in the creamer for several
hours, then placed in the butter-worker,
where, after It is thoroughly worked it Is
placed in glass jars holding two pounds.
Mr. Camp is not an opponent of thorough
bred cattle, but looks at matters in a practi
cal manner. There are few able to pay the
high prices demanded for blooded stock.
The large majority must be content to hold
their scrubs. Hence, he believes it to be the
duty of the masses to give their scrubs the
same treatment given to the blooded stock,
and their reward will be rich returns on the
investment. He holds that by this course,
in a few years, the stock can be graded up
throughout the State at lesss expense and
with surer returns. Everybody cannot at
once secure thoroughbred stock; the short
est way is to introduce them gradually by
grading up. In the meantime the better
treatment of the scrubs, secures better na
tive cows to grade on. His dairy nets him
$80 per month. His ten cows cost him say
$250. At this rate they pay for themselves
in one year and give a large per centage of
clear profit. Suppose he had purchased ten
Jersey cows at an average of $100 each—
$1,000. The returns in milk and butter
would have paid for themselves and the
profit would be in the prices paid for the
calves. Suppose disease should seize upon
the herd the loss will be four times greater
in the last case than in the first Mr. Camp's
idea is there is less risk of loss in the scrubs
than with the thoroughbreds.
Mr. Camp has two hundred mulberry
trees growingon his place and intends going
into silk culture. In addition to this he is
projecting a wind-mill to supply water for
his farm, and for a mill to grind feed for his
stock. He is a man of untiring energy and
goes at work with a “vim” that means suc
cess. He is ably seconded by his wife,
who manages the household with skill and
consummate ability. His son Eugene, who
is contesting for the prize offered to the boys
under sixteen by the editor of the Southern
World, is a "chip off the old block.”
How Do You Mnnage Your Calves?
Editor Southern World—This question is
almost dally asked me, and in reply to all,
will now, through the Southern World
give a full, short and concise reply, that
any one with reasonable intelligence, can
see at a glance, that this way, os has been
practiced for more than half a century by
the most experienced dairymen in the North
and all over civilized Europe, is the best.
If a calf is worth raising at all, do it right,
and you make a more valuable animal. The
old way of allowing the calf to suck its
mother, (say that the cow gives three gallons
of milk pur day), the calf gets a third, or
one gallon per day, and. that is the best or
last of the milk. This three gallons would
make one pound of butter that will sell for,
say twenty-five cents. The calf gets one-
third of the milk and the best or cream of
the milk, and you only get one-half pound
of butter per day. Say the cow gives this
for ten months, and the calf gets twelve and
a half cents worth of your butter dally for
that time, he has cost you just $37.50, and
is worth to the butcher, just $3.50, or a clear
loss of $34 on the calf. Now, raise the calf
by hand and give him nil the skimmed milk
that he will drink for four months—say two
gallons per day at five cents per gallon, or
ten cents per day for 120 days is $12, after
that it will live off of the grass, and is as
large at four months, as the calf that sucked
its mother at twelve months. If the twelve
months calf was worth $3.50, the four
months is worth $5, because it is v^al, loss
of $7 upon this calf, but you made $37.50
more butter by raising of it upon skimmed
milk, and a clear gain of $30.50 by the new
way.
Well how do you do it?
When the cow drops the calf, allow it to
stay with her from three to nine hours and
fill its belly full from the cow one time.
When perfectly dry and lull, drive the cow
away, and then remove the calf to a dis
tance, bo that neither cow or calf will hear
each other; place the calf in a moderately
dark room and let it remain for twenty-four
hours, in this time it is huugry; then milk
the cow and take the bucket of milk to the
calf; have a place fixed, so that the bucket
can be set in it and cannot be turned over;
put the calf’s head between yonr knees, put
two of your fingers in the milk, place them
in the calf’s mouth and when he begins to
suck, push its head down into the bucket
with the other hand. At the third time of
feeding wfthdraw your fingers from the
mouth, and in five or six times feeding you
will have the calf so that it will drink the
milk from the bucket without any of your
assistance. When the calf is a week old
then take one tablespoonful of corn meal
and add one quart of boiling water—make a
gruel as you would for a sick person, to this
add enough skimmed milk to cool down to
milk-warm, feed upon this till the calf is
two months old, then add to the skimmed
milk enough of hot water to make it milk-
warm for the calf till four months old; give
it all that it will drink twice a day, from the
beginning to the end ; at a week old let it
run in the pasture in day time, in summer
and fall; in the winter and spring feed upon
bran, cotton seed, cut hay, etc.
Covington, Oa. W. J. Camp.
Value of flood Butter Cows.
In the excellent work, “ How to Select
Cows: or tho Guenon System Simplified,
Explained and Practically Applied,” by
Willis P. Hazard, we find the following re
marks upon the value of good butter cows.
“An ordinary cow will make about 200
pounds of butter a year. The tables below
are intended to show what the difference is
in the value of different cows for producing
butter, taking as a basis the payment of $30
for a cow that will make 200 pounds of but
ter per annum, and for different amounts
up to 000 pounds per annum, assuming that
the cow will die at 12 years of age. The in
terest upon the first cost of the cow, and on
her product is compounded at the rate of
six per cent, per annum up to the day it is
assumed the cow will die, taking no account
of the value of the stock bred from her. As
long as every business is done upon the
basis of interest on investments, we must
treat the question of values as applied to
cows on that basis. This is the only way to
accurately prove the difference in value be
tween one cow and another.
TABLE A.
It the cow costs $30, the keeping per annum $35 and
tho butter sells (or 35 cents per pound, the profits on
the cows will be as follows:
I*aylng$l0(ora30U pd. cow, he'll get in 10 y’rs $170.00
“ 180.07 (or a 300 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $335.08
“ 348.86 (or a 400 pd. cow, he’ll get In 10 years $300.88
“ 501.39 (or a 500 pd. cow, he’ll get In 10 years $383.11
" H71.01 (or a 000 pil. cow, he’ll get In 10 years $138.30
TABLE B.
Including Interest on all Items, a farmer will make
ou each cow os follows, (made on a basis o( 35 cents
a pound (or butter and $35 per year (or keeping), via
Paying $30 for a 300 j>d. cow, he’ll get In 10 years $185.7:
“ $135 (or a 300 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $313.18
*' $250 (or a 400 pd. cow, he'll get in 10years$374.15
“ $350 (or a 500 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $474.53
“ $450 (or a 800 pd. cow, he’ll get in 10 years $585.01
table c.
Beckoning the annual cost of keeping at $35, and
butter at 30 cents per pound, reckoning Interest on
her cost and on all receipts from her, a farmer will
make on euch cow ns follows:
Paylng$30(ora3U0pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $183.87
“ $135 (or a 300 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $354.78
" $250 (or a 400 pd. cow, he'll got In 10 years $183.48
" $350 (ora 500 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 years $654.17
" $150 for a 600 pd. cow, he’ll get In 10 years $811.50
table d.
On an annual cost of keeping at $50, and price of
butter at 35 cents per pound:
Paying $30 (or a 200 pd. cow, he’ll get Id 10 years $06.78
“ $135 (or a 300 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 yean $318.38
“ $350 (or a 400 pd. cow, he’ll get In 10 yean $807.48
" $350 (or a 500 pd. cow, he'll get In 10 yean $744.20
" $150 (or a6U0 pd. cow, he’ll get In 10 yean $880.00
It is not claimed for any of these tables
that they show absolutely the value of any
cow to the farmer, but only that they are
relatively correct.
In corroboration of the estimated yleldi
of butter in the table, the writer quota the
following: Jersey Belle, of Scituate, of the
Victor family, made 705 pounds of butter
in 12 consecutive months; Eurota, of the
Alpliia family, made 778 pounds of butter
between; Nov. 12,1879 and October 15,1880,
and dropped a heifer calf on Nov. 14,1880;
Pansey, made 574 pounds in one year; Im
ported Flora made 511 pounds of butter in
SOweelu; Countess, when fourteen years old.
mado on gross alone, 16 pounds of butter.
table e.
Value of Progeny 200 pound Butter herd 33 Onci,
Heifers and their products 10 yean $15,354.04
Product of second generation. 4,567.54
Product ot third generation 1,066.92
Product of fourth generation 104.08
Product of fifth generation 24.00
Total $21,228.58
Value or progeny on each 200 p<l. cow $863.33,
Value at Progeny impound Butter herd* 33 Ones.
Heifers and their products In 10 years $63,138.73
Product ot second generation 18,036.34
Product ot third generation....- 5$38.58
Product ot fourth generation 1,206.10
Product of fifth generation - 186.00
Total.$70,984.63
Valueot progeny on each 300 pound cow, $2,406.77.
Balrylag In (he South.
Editor Southern World.—The produc
tion of butter in the United States for last
year was about 400,000,000 pounds, and the
demand for the best grades five times as
much as the supply. Now with the superior
advantages of the South and especially of
Georgia, there is no reason why the produc
tion shall not be doubled in the next five
years, or rather the production of butter for
the year 1887 should be not 1,000,000,000
pounds.
The states of Georgia. Tennessee, Alabama,
Mississippi, Florida and the two Carolina’s
in that time should produce 250,000,000 an
nually after the first five years. Thorc are
various reasons why the South will ulti
mately be the greatest producer of extra
fine butter. But the most important to my
mind is the fact of onr climate. Scarcely
one winter in five will we have to feed over
three months in the twelve. With proper
management with the grasses we can raise
two tons of hay where they raise one at tho
north, or in plain words, there is not an
acre of land in the states mentioned above,
but that will furnish two cuttings of hay
annually, while it is a rare occurrence north
of 36° 30’, that more than one crop can be
harvested and their extreme cold winters
deter them from dairying at that season;
when in fact, the proper time and the most
profitable season for dairying and butter
making at the South, is from the first of Oc.
tober till the first of June, (the better we
feed the better the pay), and if we pay at
tention to our stock and breed only at the
season that we desire, we can make creamy
butter fresh for the markets. When the
summer’s product at the north will be in
competition with us, reason shows us at a
glance that the time for our dairy cows to be
dry is in July, August and September,
when our pastures are at their best; when
the cow is the must restless, and the flies and
insects are the most troublesome.
Butter always commands higher prices
from October till May than any other time.
I have written this that now while the
farmers (or should be) are laying plans for
another season may arrange for the founda
tion of their future dairying interest. We
do not expect for every one, or even one in
I en, of the agriculturists to engage in dai ry ing
to any extent immediately—but, in less than
ten years dairying will rank first in the
South, while cotton will take a third or
fourth rate.
When the cotton planters go to grass and
butter raising in true earnest, that year cot
ton will enhance in value twenty per cent,
over present prices. If one-half of the
present cotton lands could be put into
grasses for food crops for beef and butter
making, the other half of the cotton acreage
properly handled would make a two-third
crop and the money value would be near the
same as the present
We of Georgia do not know our own cap
abilities or the capabilities of our soil and
climate. There has been enough experi
ments made to show that ho who goes to
raising mutton, beef and butter is not wan
dering upon a trackless prairie, but has the
paths blazed for him and that he will ulti
mately drive his produce to a higher priced
market where he need fear no competition,
for we are capable of producing of the bent
that will be upon the market. W». J. Camp.
Covington, Ga.
Near Raleigh, N. C., are Kittreli Vineyards
of the North Carolina Wine Company, in
the hands of Messrs. 8. R. Hunt & Co., with
A. C. Cook as manager. The vineyard con
tains 113 acres, 40 of which are planted With
Scuppernong vines. The best of the wines
made there are the sweet, white or red Scup-
pernong, angelica, claret, sparkling Catawba,
and light dry wines. The Kittreli Company
are to extend their business, and are negoti
ating with the Selby vineyards in Cleveland
county, of 50 acres. The acuppernong is a
delicious wine to those Who liko a sweet ar
ticle, and as it is known to be perfectly
pure and strengthening, is often prescribed
by physicians. It commends itself strongly
to ladies. With other American wines, par
ticularly those of California, New Jersey,
Virginia and the Cook wines of St, Louis,
it is sold at the American stores in this city.
—Durham Recorder. N. C.
The general manager of the Richmond and
Danville Railroad announces through a cir
cular that a general illustrative exhibit of
the resources ot the Piedmont section will
be made at the New England Manufacturers’
and Mechanics’ Institute in Boston next
September. All owners of mineral lands
and mines, timber lands, manufacturing es
tablishments and water powers in the re
gion embraced in the Richmond and Dan
ville system of railroads are invited to avail
themselves of the benefit of this exhibit.
All persons desiring information and to
make contributions of materials and spec
imens are requested to correspond with
Capt. 0. C. McPhall, Boston, Mass.
Men make laws, women make manners.