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TfiE SOUTHERN WORLD, JtTLY 16,1882.
Jptf Southern $goM
Published on (lie 1st and 13th of each Month
BY TUB
MOUTHER!* WORLD PUBLISHING CO.,
ATLANTA, CKOUUIA.
Incorporated—Paid up Capital, 920,000.
D. C. BALENTINE, President and Manager
T. B. CARTMELL, Secretary and Treasurer.
W. 0. WHIDBY, Editor.
^ R NEWMAN,’ } Contributing Editors.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION l
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Subscriptions can commence at any time during
year.
Hample ooples sent tree to all who send us their
address.
CIRCULATION, - • 80,000 COPIES.
RATES OF ADVERTISINGS
Legitimate advertisements will be Inserted St the
following rates;
Inside pages, each insertion, per line • - Sets.
Outside page *’ - • 85 eta.
lteadlng Notlces -60 eta.
All advertisements charged by solid Agate measure
ment, it lines to the Inch. No extra charge (or cute.
The southern Would has the largest circulation
and Is the best advertising medium In the Mouth.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.—It laourHltntommke
the Houthkkn World a medium for the diffusion of
S radical Information upon all Agricultural and
[echanlcal subject*, and to thin end we Invite com
munications upon all rural subjects, experimental
reaults, crop news, domestic economy, etc., and upon
topics of Interest to Mechanics, Manufacturers and
Miners. Address all letters to
MOUT1IEBN WORLD PUBLISHING CO.,
Atlanta, Georgia.
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 15, 1882.
WEATHER BULLETIN
In the Cotton Belt ft-ora June 23 to July 0.
OlWKItVEIt'8 OKKICK BIUNAL SERVICE, U.S. A.,
K i MI1A1.1. House, Atlanta, (1a.
Thor. Ay, Max. | Av. Min | MlgttMax I Low'tl Max
Atlanta
Augusta....
Charleston
Calves ton.
Mobile
Montg'ry...
Memphis...
Littleltock
N. Orleans
Vicksburg.
Savannah.
Wllmln't'n
M on 28th
98 on 28tli
U8 on 29th
99 on 90th
lot on 26th
98 oil 20th
98 on 25th
HU on 28th
93 on 90th
97 on 90th
97 no 26th
98 on 28th
82 011 6th
84 oil 6tll
84 on cth
90 on nth
*4 on 8tli
82 on 5th
80 un 5th
80 on 7th
so un Nth
89 nn 8th
87 on Nth
83 on 6th
Average maximum of cotton belt (rum June ...
July 9, Inclusive—91°.
Average minimum of cotton belt (rom June 25 to
RAINFALL.
Atlanta..... 1.88 greatest .41 on 1st July.
Augusta 2.96 •• .57 on 3d July.
Charleston t.SO “ ,82on 2d July.
Mobile 1.97 •• .08on 3oth June.
Montgomery 2.70 “ .72 on 4th July.
Memphis 2.06 " .72 on 3d July.
Littleltock 3.31 •• .98on4th July.
New Orleans 40 •• .26 on 4th July.
Vicksburg 23 •• .12 on 26th June.
Savannah. 2.01 “ .88 on 8th July.
Wilmington ijw ** .man3d July.
1.78 •* .49 011 l8t Jaly.
23.01 3
Total ralnlnll In cotton belt 23.01 Inches.
Creates! (all at one place-l.lttle Hock—3.31.
Greatest (all one day—July 3-4.71 Inches.
CHARACTER OF WEATHER—NUMBER OF DAYS.
Clear. Cloudy. Jhl
Atlanla............................. 4 io 1
Augusta n .1 u
Galveston 3 2 6
Indlanola .10 2 3
Key Weat — 8 8 5
Mobile 6 8 2
Montgomery...... 7 6 3
New Orleans 9 4 2
Pensacola 654
Palestine 7 6s
Savannah 637
PJWMJUM NO. 6. (Order by number.)
SPECIALJFFER.
THE HOUTHERN WORLD FOR MIX
MONTHS
and a handsome steel engraving entitled,
•‘NUNNHINE AND NHADUW,» FOR
FIFTY CENTS,
(and a three cent stamp to pay postage on picture.)
In order to leave no opportunity unimproved, we
make this unexampled niter to those who may wish
to lake the Southern World on trial. This picture
In very .handsome, and Is 19 by M In. In else. It retire
■tents a young farmer Just putting aside bis work to
enjoy noon refreshments. On the ground, near a tall
■tune fence, are hta canteen, coat and spade. Uls
wife haa just come with bis dinner, end the two chil
dren, all looking happy and contented with life. She
Is turned with her bock to the looker-on, holding In
one hand the basket ot dinner, while with the other,
abe la transferring the Infant child to Its father’s
arms. He Is taking It with tender care,while un expres
alon of happy pride mlnglea with that of fatigue and
almost overcomes It, to greet Menu to be his admira
tion for the little one. On the other aide of her moth
er a little girl, apparently about four years of age,
stands with her dolly and a long bunch of grass In
ont hsnd, and with the other pretends to aaalat mam
ma with the basket, looking saucily up Into papa's
face, as If tossy, “You don’t know what’s In here for
you I” Around them are growing wild flowers and
tall grass, while the scene Is flooded with the bright
beams of the noon-day sunlight.
In the dark background Is a grove or wood, where
a silent, lonely flgure, draped In widow's weeds,
■lands amid the shadows, and with a sad, downcast
countenance, gases upon the happy group before her
with a far-away look, as If recalling the days when
■ha too, was happy, or viewing the contrast between
this family and her own blighted life. It can but
touch tbo hearts of both sldea-the happy and the
onhappy. Address
HOUTHERN WORLD,
Atlanta, Go.
Our young friends contesting for the pre
miums offered to boys under 10 will pleas j
report condition of crops and their pros
pects.
The papers have so frequently told of
short-horned cattle, now some of them are
talking of short-horned men. They must
live in Maine, Kansas or Iowa?
The special committee of ladies to arrange
a premium list for girls under 10 in the
Southern States, will ''meet at Kirkwood
Academy at 4 o’clock r. m., on Monday,
July 17th.
Personal Paragraphs.
Joseph B. Odell, of Clear Spring, Grainger
county, Tennessee wishes to know the post
office address of W. T. Atkins.
Mrs. M. E. Reynolds, of Midway, Texas,
desires to know the present residence of W.
C. Reynolds, who lived in Atlanta, in 1871.
Be Prndent and Economical.
The reports indicate a heavy falling off in
the present corn crop. Fanners should ex
ercise the utmost prudence and economy.
Do not sell your oats at a sacrifice. Save all
the forage you can and retain oats enough
for feed. Be sure you have supplies enough
at home before you sell.
“A reader” writes us from Warrcnton,
Georgia, as follows: ’’We like the Wobld,
but do not like to see so ntuclt reading mat
ter taken from the Index, as we are a reader
of both, and do not like to masticate our
food more titan once.” The Southern
World does not copy matter from the Index.
We state this witli emphasis so that our War
rcnton friend may understand who does the
copying. His erroneous impression arises
from the fact that several articles have been
copied without credit.
Noutli Carolina Agricultural Conven,
lion.
Union County, 8. C.
Editor Southern World.—The time of
the meeting of the State Agricultural Soci
ety witli the State Grange lias just been
fixed, to take place at Anderson C. H., 8. C.,
on the8th of August next. I ant happy to
Invite you to be present at our meeting.
Our next fair comes oiT November 14th.
D. F. Duncan, President S. C.,
Agricultural and Mechanical Society.
H. Ksiirauuii, lecturer of the National
Grange, clearly sets forth the object of the
Grange in the following ringing sentences:
‘‘The object of thus uniting the farmers into
a fraternal organization is to enable them to
protect themselves and their interests by
educating themselves in the Grange—to
more fully understand agriculture and its
science, the rotation it bears to other inter
ests, and to become familiar with the rights
and privileges to whiclt they may have
claims under a just government, and the
duties they owe to themselves, their fami
lies, their neighbors ami government. . . .
Our Grange meetings are farmers’ schools
where every member becomes both a teacher
and scholar. Hero we educate ourselves to
become better farmers, by studying and dis
cussing the science of agriculture, its varied
interests and importance. Here we also ed
ucate ourselves to understand the varied
questions of political economy and the af
fairs of government; this makes us better
citizens as well as better farmers, and more
generally useful as farmers and as citizens.
And when so educated we shall exert an in
fluence socially and politically in every de
partment of life, that will leud to the recti
fying of errors which now exist, and relieve
the farmers from many burdens and errors
with which they have been unjustly taxed
and have so patiently borne for years.”
Uorn, Cotton and Tobaeeo.
Tlte Bastrop (La.) Ilepublican has the fol
lowing estimates of the relative cost of pro
ducing corn, cotton and tobacco, made upon
the basis of cost of day labor, and may be
used for approximate calculations:
AN ACRE or CORN.
Breaking up one acre for corn 92 00.
Opening and planting 1 00
Fertilizer and application, 200 lbs 3 60
First hoeing and replanting 75
First and seednd plowing 2 00
Laying by 1 00
Harvesting and shucking 1 00
Total cost $12 26
With a favorable season, on fair land, this
cultivation should produce say 8 barrels of
corn, or 40 bushels, at 76 cents, worth $30.
To this is to be added the value of fodder,
tops and shucks, say $3. To the cost, inter
est. taxes and rent of land (if rented, one-
fourth) is to bs added. This would make
the cost say $10, showing a profit of about
100 per cent
AN ACRE or COTTON.
Breaking and planting $3 26
Barring and scraping with plow 1 60
One and a half days labor with hoe.... 1 12
Man and horse to mould up 1 00
One and a half days’ labor with hoe... 1 12
Man and horse to plow middles 1 00
Second hoeing, days „ 1 12
Share moulding 1 00
Last plowing and hoeing 2 12
Picking 760 lbs., at 76 crts. per cwt 6 26
Oinningand pressing 750 lbs 6 00
Hauling to market 1 25
Rent of land 4 00
Total cost $29 00
The acre produces 750 pounds of seed cot
ton, yielding 200 lbs. of cotton, and 450 lbs.
seed, or 16 bushels, which are sold|it 10 cents
a bushel.
AN ACRE IN TORACCO.
Breaking, bedding and preparation
one acre $ 5 00
Five hundred pounds guano 20 00
Raising and setting 4,000 plants 3 00
Scraping down and resetting 1 50
First and second plowing and hilling 3 50
Topping, suckering and worming 4 75
Cutting, banging and firing 12 50
Stripping and prizing 5 00
Total cost $63 25
It is estimated that tobacco thus cultivated
would yield a pound for every four plants,
which would produce 1,000 lbs., nnd with
proper care and handling would realize an
average of $10 per cwt., the srason proving
favorable. From the same fertilizing a crop
of wheat and a stand of clover would be se
cured, which would more than compensate
for additional cost of taxes, interest, rent,
etc. An additional advantage is found in
the fact that in this way poor land may be
improved.
We will be pleased to have our readers
give us estimates of their crops, cost of pro
duction and yield, with culture, that will
give us reliable data on the subject.
What la Farming;?
Ever since the Southern country was first
settled it has been the almost universal
practice to run the land down by the con
stant cultivation of plowed crops, relieved,
only occasionally, by a small grain crop, or
a rest. It seems to have been the prevail
ing idea among farmers that Ood made the
land as he wanted it to he, and that it was
their privilege to get the good out of if, and
sell out anti move. They know the effect of
manure in increasing the productiveness of
the soil and were not slow to avail of its help
in bringing up the garden and patches
round the house to a reasonable degree of
fertility-necessary for the growth of garden
vegetables. There was current a sort of
tradition that the soil might be improved by
a system of resting. But the large majority
thought of no improvement, and expected
the soil, as a matter, of course, to “wear
out.” They looked upon it as they did on
a pair of shoes, a hat, or a wagon, as good
for a term of service, longer or shorter,
according to the way it was used, but
bound to wear out in a few years at the
best. These very ideas and the practice
(for it can hardly be dignified with the name
system) resulting from them, have been the
course of tills country os they have been of
most countries lil their early history. Our
embarrassments of the post fifteen years are
not all properly chargeable to the change in
our labor system—the loss of property in
cident to the War. That calamity was so
great and wide extended and immediate in
its effects, that it has for the period named,
overshadowed all other evils. It has long
been a chronic habit to charge up all failures
and embarrassments, either directly or indi
rectly, to “free nigger” labor. But on a
candid examination it will be found that
before freedom was a fact, our methods of
farming were slowly but surely doing the
work of impoverishment, and that the prob
lem of living in accustomed ease and plenty
was yearly becoming more difficult of so
lution. The emancipation of*slavery, in ite
immediate retulte, was doubtless the greatest,
most stunning blow the industrial interests
of the South ever received, overshadowing
all the losses of life and property which oc-
curred during the war. But if this calam
ity shall conspire to teach us promptly the
necessity for a greatly improved and rational
system of agriculture, it may in the not far
distant future prove to have been a blessing
in disguise.
The characteristic difference between an
old time Southern farmer, and an English,
New England, or Middle States farmer, is
that the former aimed to get all he could
out of the land without any return, while
the latter seeks to build up the soil. The
one acts the spend-thrift prodigal—spending
his mony as fast as possible; the other put
ting it in a saving's bank and using only
the interest. The Southern farmer loved
rather to count up Ills wealth in negroes
nnd cotton bales, rather than in lands ; the
Eastern farmer counted his wealth in the
value of ills lands and stock. The latter
represents accretion—the former depletion.
The indications are hopeful of a better
system. The Southern farmers—especially
the young ones—are beginning to realize
that true farming consists, essentially, in
building up and enriching the soil, adding
improvements and buildings labor-saving
machinery, etc. It was the dream of many
that commercial fertilizers would enable
them to solve the problem, and that they
could build up and enrich the soil by their
use alone. But they have awakened from
such dreams, and are beginning to find that
commercial fertilizers are only aids, to be
used witli temperate caution, and are not the
most important factors in the improved
farming that is to be inaugurated. We
might epitomize the elements of this im
proved system, by emphasizing the words
more'grass, more oats, more peas, more
clover, more stock (and better), more ma
nure, etc. These all belong to a self-sus
taining and progressive system of farming.
R.
POSTAL CARD <’4111 It KM 1’ON HENCE.
Erath County, Texas.—The drouth and
the chintz bug is doing some damage. Some
planters have good corn crops already made.
Wheat good, cotton looks well. The follow
ing prices rule here: Wheat $1 per bushel;
corn $1.40 per bushel; bacon 17 cents per
pound; best llour$3.75 per hundred pounds;
oats 25cents per bushel; onions 3 cents per
pound ; green corn 1 cent per ear.
P. C. Cordell.
Sand Tuck, Elmorb County, Ala.—The
wheat and oat harvest is over. Oats turned
out better titan was expected. Corn is good.
Plenty of rain. Cotton Is coming out but on
thin sandy land there is but half a stand.
Oats is offered in parts of the county at 30
cents per bushel; meat is 20 cents per pound
on credit, how can farmers live at that or
will it make them raise their own meat.
The weather is very cool, the thermometer
on July 5th’ wosdown to 00°. Dain Swift.
Bei.air, Richmond County, Ga.—Tile
water melon crop is 75 per cent, short. The
storm blew off the first crop and the cool
weather is retarding the growth of the
present crop. Allen Kino.
Parker County, Texas.—Crops are need
ing rain. Corn will be cut off one half.
Subscriber.
Dayton, Marengo County, Ala.—We have
lino prospects now for crops of all kinds.
Large crop of oats and corn planted.
R. Autt. Jones.
Thinning-Out I’oiii-n.
At the season, when the pear is getting to
be some size, the thinning-out of the fruit
where it is growing in clusters nnd is gener
ally overbearing, should be attended to with
out fail. Tlie fear that so many growers en
tertain that they will be lessening the crop
and losing income from It, is all a mistake.
By judicious thinning-out the yield will not
only be equally great in measure, but the
increased price obtained for the enlarged size
of the fruit, its appearance and perfectness,
will doubly compensate for any supposed
loss in quantity. Wo have reduced the
pears upon some of our own trees full one-
half, and found that we did not remove
enough, and if we had taken off one-half
the remainder it would have been still bet
ter. A few years ago we had a standard
Belle Lucrative tree, some fifteen foet in
height, apparently in perfect health, which
was so overloaded with fruit that one-half of
the crop was taken off at one time, which
was followed a month or so later by the re
moval of one-half the rest, thus leaving one-
fourth of the original crop, and yet the tree
died from over-draft upon its energies.
In thinning-out, the clusters or wherever
the specimens touch each other, should be
the first to be removed, and of these select
all that are imperfect in shape, or knotty, or
in any way not up to the general run in
size. There should always be a second thin
ning-out when the fruit is nearly half-grown
when wormy and all imperfect specimen^
should be sorted out. We have never failed
in deriving advantage from it.—Germantown
Telegraph.