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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, AUGUST 15,1882,
Industrial and Helentilie.
No nation has the material and the foun
dation for a more successful chemical indus
try than America.
A recent German improvement in grain
cleaning machines, consists in making the
casings of a stoneware made of ferruginous
clay. The advantages claimed by the in
ventor for this covering over metal are that
it lasts longer and works better, os the work
ing surface will not wear smooth.
A German manufacturer has arrived at the
conclusion, mathematically, that in wind
mills the most serviceable wind 1b that blow
ing at a velocity of 23 feet per second. The
fans of the mill, with such force, revolve
with nearly double the velocity of the wind.
In the vicinity of the observer, the lowest
number of days that the wind is serviceable
is 180, and the highest number 280.
A Michigan lumbering company are mak
ing sheet barrels by cutting a log into barrel
lengths, softening them by a steaming pro
cess and then shaving each piece into a long
sheet, unrolled like a carpet. Each sheet is
then cross cut into such a length that when
the two ends are brought together it is given
the size and form of a barrel, without heads,
the whole being done by machinery. This
has proved a great improvement over the
stave barrel in cost of manufacturing as well
as in merits for use. The only drawback is
that clear timber is required, all the knotty
timber being rejected,
The clippings of the sole leather in New
England shoe factories were formerly re
garded as worthless, and the smell of their
burning was a peculiarity of such towns as
Lynn and Salem. These scraps are now
stamped into buttons for cloths and fancy
tack heads for upholstery, and the long fa
miliar odor is missed.
Metals, and especially steel, brought to a
cherry-red heat and strongly compressed, the
pressure being continued until the mass is
perfectly cold, are said to acquire an excess
ive hardness, and a striking fineness of grain.
Steel thus treated acquires a coercitlve force
which enables it to become magnetic. The
durability of this property requires to be
studied.
A year or more since a gate post that had
been painted with so-called zinc-white, was
noticed to appear black all day, gray in the
twilight and white during the night. Mr.
T. L. Phipson was led to investigate this sin
gular chameleon property of the paint, and
after much research, has shown the cause to
exist in a new metal, which has been named
actinum, on occouut of its peculiar actinic
effects. It is found in zinc ores, and resem
bles zinc.
Recently a liorse-car was run in England,
by means of the Faure accumulator and a
dynamo machine connected by cog-wheels
and gearing to the wheels. The distance
traversed was abont 2j$ miles. The dead
weight of the car was 6tons, the speed
reached 7 miles an hour, although the car
was not of the most advantageous build for
the purpose of the experiment. The exper
iment was successful, stopping and starting
the car being effected with great prompti
tude.
A newly invented instrument, by Profes
sor Heeren, for the purpose of testing milk,
seems to work well. It is named the “plo-
scope," and consists of a dish of black vul
canized India rubber, having in its middle
a very flat circular depression. A few drops
of the milk well mixed are put in the hol
low and covered with a plate of glass painted
with six shades of color, radiating from a
small uncolored spot in the middle. The
colors range from white-gray to deep bluish-
gray. The layer of milk is seen through
the uncolored spot in the centre, and its
color can thus be compared with the radiat
ing colors, and its quality is judged accord
ing to the color with which it coincides.
Thus the richest color stands for cream, the
next for very rich milk, and then follow
normal, inferior, poor and very poor.
There is said to be a very curious work of
art on the grounds of the State House at
Columbia, 8. C. It is an iron casting com
memorating the South Carolina soldiers who
died in the war, whose names are inscribed
on brass tablets at the base. A correspond
ent says: “The success of this casting con
sists in its perfect imitation of the living
palmetto—the favorite tree of South Caro
lina. We had heard of this statue in other
places, but bad never been able to believe
the story of the flexible leaves bending in
the breeze, supposing this phenomenon an
optical delusion, but such is really the case.
The long thin leaves of iron, life-like even
to the hair-like fibres of the twigs and
branches, wave tremulously in every zephyr,
and the whole tree painted artistically, has so
close a resemblance to the real tree as to de
ceive the acutest observer at the distance of
five rods. It is a marvel of workmanship.
The Chicago Western Manufacturer says:
Mr. II. H. Landers, of S&n Francisco, has
recently invented and patented an attach
ment to railway cars, equally applicable to
street cars in cities, or ordinary steam cars,
designed to prevent a person getting under
the wheels who may have slipped in trying
to jump on or off a car in motion, or any
part of his body or limbs falling across the
track in front of the wheel. This attach
ment is said to be somewhat of a plow-shap
ed device which envelopes the larger part
of the wheel. It is made of stout plates
of sheet iron hung from the axle-boxes with
a plow-shaped surface in front of the tread
of the wheel. When an obstacle is in the
way it falls automatically down to and slides
along the surface of the rail, thereby shut
ting out and casting aside what would other
wise be certain to pass under the wheel of
the car. This accomplished, it is raised to
its original position above the track (usually
about an inch) by means of springs for the
purpose, and is ready for the next emer
gency. It is simple and of few parts, and
can be quickly adjusted or removed, and
the expense is said to be very moderate. It
is to be painted and ornamented to corres
pond with the car to which it is attached.
The device has been tested by the inventor
on a full-sized car, and has accomplished all
that is claimed for it as a veritable “man-
catcher” and life-saver. It is an improve
ment that railway people in general, and
the public in particular, will be glad to see
very generally adopted. It is an attachment
that should be at once put upon every street
car in this city, whether run by cable or by
horses.
Prof. Colton, of Knoxville, has prepared
the following figures, touching the iron in
terests of Tennessee: In the Eastern Iron
Belt, for the year ending October 1, 1880,
there were mined about 8,030 tons of iron
ore, at a cost, delivered at. the furnaces and
forges, of from $1.25 to $1.75 per ton. Front
this ore 1,200 tons of pig iron were made in
the furnaces along that belt, and 750 tons of
bar iron at the forges. About 15 per cent,
of the ore mined in this belt was sent to
Rockwood nnd Chattanooga for the manu
facture of steel, which brought from $2.50 to
$5.00 per ton. At the various mines in the
Dyestone Belt, 71,057 tons of ore were
raised, which were consumed in the furna
ces at South Pittsburg, Chattanooga, Rock-
wood and Oakdale. Other supplies of ore
for these furnaces were received from Geor
gia and Alabama. The estimated product
of these live furnaces (two being of Rock-
wood ) for the year ending October 1,' 1880,
was 07,080 tons. The price of ore delivered
varied from $1.75 to $2.50 per ton, sometimes
reaching a higher figure.
In the Western Iron Belt the furnaces have
run so irregularly that the yield was small
for the year 1880, not exceeding 12,000 tons,
for which 33,000 tons of ore at a cost of $2
per ton were used. The total amount of ore
raised in the state (partly estimated) for the
year ending October 1, 1880 105,710 tons;
amount of pig iron produced, 80,280 tons;
amount of bar iron in forges, 750 tons. The
production of iron in the State of Tennessee
for the census year, ending May 31, 1880,
amounted to 77,100. The same returns show
the number of furnaces, rolling mills, steel
works, forges and bloomeries in the State to
be 43, with an aggregate capital of $3,081,770,
employing 4,005 hands, at wages for the year
amounting to $1,344,400. The value of ma
terial used was $3,223,709; value of products,
$5,000,020; weight of all products made,
123,751 net tons.
North Carolina Mines,
Mining Review.
Chablottk, July 31, 1882.
The Hunter mine, one and one half miles
south of Pioneer Mills, and eighteen miles
from Charlotte—100deep vein, 2 wide, being
worked on small scale, ore nominally gold.
Crosby mine one mile southwest of Hunter
mine, opened at intervals about 100 yards
long, 110 deep at one place; vein 2 wide,
copper and little gold. Rogers mine four
miles southwest of Crosby, 100 deep, vein 2
wide, ore, gold and fair; a little copper, su
perior to any of the above.
Harres mine one and one half miles south
of above, 120 deep, vein 5 to 6 wide, large;
no veins on the property; ore, copper and
gold. Johnson mine eight miles southeast
from Charlotte, opened in pits (no levels) for
•boat two hundred yards, at points about
40 deep; ore, gold: little copper and good to
water level. Stinson mine seven and one
half miles southeast of Charlotte; one half
is a placer mine, one half of vein. The
placer worked but little, but is rich. The
vein worked on one side of branch about 25
deep; yields $10 to $30 per ton.
Maxwell mine, same distance from Char
lotte, same direction, but to the left ■ f
Johnson mine, nearly one-fourth in a ridge;
veins worked 70 deep at present. Veins 1 to
6 wide; ores, large masses iron pyrites with
a little copper. Ore good at points. Iron
pyrites ran 50 to 70c. per bushel, $7.50 to
$11.80 per ton and oxides $10 to $37 per ton,
magnificently equipped. Barnmineonemile
beyond Maxwell mine, worked at pits for
200 yards, shaft 40 deep, never worked ex
tensively. Yield $15 per ton. Ray mine,
which is a copper mine and the Rea mine
which is gold ore, join, and are not more
than one mile apart, eight and one half miles
from Charlotte. East and South Ray mine
quite rich in copper; 00 deep, 200 yards long,
at intervals vein to 3 wide. Frederick mine,
opened in 1830, by a Boston company, seven
miles a little south of east from Charlotte.
Gold and copper, about 100 yards long and
75 to 80 feet deep; vein 1 to 2 wide, not
highly sulphurated, but much carbonates
and silicate of copper. Fine copper from
near surface down; ore, more than average,
yield $15 to $75 per ton. Alexandria mine
five and one half miles nearly east of Char
lotte. recently purchased by a strong Boston
company, new machinery, etc., was once
worked by an English company, 90 deep;
ore, ailicious and iron pyrites and no copper;
yield $15 per ton.
Farris mine worked since the war. One
mile to right of above ; 70 at deepest point.
Vein 1 to 2 wide. Ores, copper, pyrites and
gold. Yield $15 to $75 per ton. Quicksilver
in shaft. . J. G. Y.
Sold Mining In Georgia.
Atlanta Constitution.
Mr. J. O. Robertson, superintendent of
the Columbia gold mine at Dahlonega, was
in Atlanta yesterday. He gave a Constitu
tion reporter some interesting facts in refer
ence to the mining interest at Dahlonega.
He said:
“Everything is prosperous in Lumpkin
county. There are 175 stamps at Dahlonega,
and I don’t think there isa thing being done
that is not paying in a most satisfactory
manner. The Singleton company has 25
stamps and is putting in ten more; the
Findley lias 50; the .Consolidated has 40
with forty more to be put in; the Fish Trap
has ten, and ten more will be put in; the
Barlow and Hand have 40, and the Pigeon
Roost ten. These stamps are immediately
at Dahlonega. About six miles from the
place, at Auraria, are about 100 stamps."
“Are any of these mines making unusu
ally large profits?”
“I am in possession of reliable informa
tion to the effect that the Consolidated mine
is paying a dividend of $4,000 per month
and in fifteen dividends has paid its owners
$00,000.
It now advertises that the sixteenth divi
dend is ready. The Barlow and Hand mill
is an individual property and the public
cannot know what it pays, but it is a hand
some amount. All the mines are paying
and as an evidence of the confidence that
is felt I may say that new mills are going up
and the present ones are being enlarged and
capacities increased. Property has also ad
vanced lately fully one hundred per cent.
The Calhoun mine is to be reopened. There
is an interesting history connected with
this property. It was at one time owned by
John C. Calhoun, and was worked with great
profit, but about the time of his death,
work was discontinued for some reason. The
mine has been idle now for about fifty years
I should guess. It never was worked very
much, and only a place of the size of a four
room cottage has been touched. At one
time the mine was considered the richest in
the state. It was discovered by accident
and the discoverers got a lease for thirty
days and in that time took out $27,000. The
agent of the mines notified Mr. Calhoun,
who was then in Congress, and.he came home
and took charge of the mine.* The amount
that was taken out was never known, but it
is estimated at from $150,000 to $160,000.
The mine has been taken hold of by north
ern capitalists who will lay out about $75,000
in improvements and will renew the opera
tions. All the machinery at Dahlonega is of
the most approved pattern now, and the
bulk of the work is done by water.”
“What is the average yield ? ”
“The average yield in Lumpkin county
cannot be far from one dollar per ton. The
expense of getting the gold out is not more
than twenty-five cents per ton, ao that we
make a good profit. Take a mill where the
yield is a dollar and where there are twenty
stamps that average three dollars. This is
Sixty dollars for the profit of the mine and
only $15 has been deducted for the expenses,
leaving a clear profit of $45 per day."
“How many men are engaged in the mines
as laborers?”
“ I should say that there are not more
than one hundred at Dahlonega. I tell you •
we don’t have much labor; the water and
machinery do all the work. Water is the
great factor; it floods the ore down to the
mill and does the work that we use to do by
manual labor.”
“How is the Columbia mine getting
along?” .
“The Columbia is doing all right. It is
now in its second month and everything is
running along nicely and ^the prospect is
good. We are now running ten stamps and
in a short time will have an additional ten
stamp mill.”
" Do the mines now in operation take up
all the mining lands 7"
“Not at all. There are plenty of other
lands there just as good as the ones that are
now being worked. The thing is this, 'if
Dahlonega was three thousand miles from
here and was in the midst of wild Indians
and it was especially hazardous to go there
the people would flock there in great num
bers, but as it is here in a quiet and health
ful country they overlook the advantages
that it offers. At Dahlonega mining is no
longer a speculation. The returns are sure
and steady. A man can enter mining in
Lumpkin county just as he would the plant
ing of cotton. The certain returns can be
calculated on just as surely and the nuggets
are just that much extra. The lands are
only awaiting capital to develop them. The
fact is gold mining in Georgia will soon be
on a basis, with iron mining in Pennsyl
vania or Alabama, or anywhere else; and
while the profits may not be as large as they
are in the gold bearing sections of the west,
they are not so uncertain, and neither the
lands nor the machinery cost as much.”
“ What about your transportation facili-
tiss?”
“ This is the one drawback at Dahlonega—
a railroad has been projected, and as soon as
it is built it will give an impetus to mining
’that will be more than double what we are
doing at present. The depot at Gainesville
is half full of machinery for Dahlonega,
some pieces weighing five thousand pounds.
It is twenty-five miles out to Dahlonega.
Mr. Price has secured arrangements with
the Richmond and Danville road, and has
placed the bonds on the market and is al
ready making a disposition of them. Some
of the friends of the road expect that it will
bo finished by December. It will run
through a fine agricultural section and will
be a great developer of one of the best por
tions of the state.”
“How much gold does Lumpkin county
produce?”
“From $250,000 to $300,000 annually. It is
the leading country in the production of
gold, perhaps producing as much as all the
balance of the state combined.”
Commendable.
In our last Issue we published the circular
of Col. T. M. It. Talcott, General Manager of
the Richmond and Danville Railroad calling
upon the people of the Piedmont belt to
exhibitatthe Falrof the New England Man
ufacturers' and Mechanics’ Institute, at
Boston, Mass., specimens of their agricul
tural and other products. In a recent circu
lar Colonel Talcott says: “The Richmond
and Danville Railroad Company's exhibit
at the Fair of the New England Manufac
turers’ and Mechanics’ Institute, in Boston,
Mass., will be composed exclusively of woods
and minerals, agricultural and other raw
products.
Capt. C. C. McPbail, Chief of Bureau Jof
Mines and Manufactures, will provide free
transportation to Boston for all such raw
material, sent to his address, at Richmond,
Virginia.
Parties who wish to exhibit manufactured
articles must make arraiigements directly
with the New England Manufacturers’ and
Mechanics’ Institute, which cordially invites
all Southern manufacturers to exhibit their
goods and makes no charge for space in their
exhibition building.
Free transportation over the Richmond
and Danville Railroad Company's roads to
Richmond will be granted for all manufac
tured articles for exhibition at the Boston
Fair. Special arrangements will be requested
of connecting lines for the transportation of
such articles from Richmond to Boston.
All desiring to avail themselves of this
offer should ihake early application, and
atate what transportation they will require.”