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THE SOUTHERN WORLD, NOVEMBER 15, 1882. 21 give $toch gjepnrtmcnt. STOCK-BREEDERS AND DAIRYMEN. Georgia is fast taking a prominent posi tion among the States producing milk and butter, and there is no reason why cheese cannot be added to our industries. In the successful breeding of stock, Georgia is mak ing rapid progress. Col. Bichard Peters, of this city, has been a pioneer in this as in many other directions looking to the mate rial development of various industries and resources. He has devoted time, money and intellect. The growth of the stock-breeding and dairying interests has assumed such propor tions in our State that we suggest the forma tion of a Stock Breeder’s and Dairymen’s Association for the State. Their interests are mutual, and an association can be made very beneficial. Col. Richard Peters would make a capital President. The interchange of views and experiences of such men as Richard Peters, John L. Hopkins, J. R. Wy lie, W. B. Cox and L. J. Hill, of Atlanta, J. B. Wade and W. 8. Neal, of Kirkwood, J. F. Edwards and W. J. Houston, of Decatur, W. J. Camp, of Covington, J. R. Brown, of Gainesville, M. E. Banks, of Griffin, Tarver & Co., of Macon, C. C. Spence and Charley Hays, of Monroe, W. J. Northen, of Sparta, H. S. Hughes, of Athens, and scores of oth ers engaged ih boll) breeding stock and dairying, will prove of great practical utility to the mem bers and give a powerful impetus to these industries. We would be pleased to have those interested give our readers their views on this subject. Every Southern State ought to have (if they do not now) such an asso ciation, organized and at work. bred young stallion—Onondaga—and he would not pass it. Its breeding is the best in the land, being by Leamington, out of Susan Beane, by Lexington. He is a full brother to Sensation, the best two-year-old that ever started in this country.—Turf, Rod and Gun. BETTER DAIRYING IN THE SOUTH. “E. M.,” of Starksville, Miss., gives some interesting points in the Home and Farm on “Butter Dairying in the South.” “The first thing needed in starting a dairy is a good pasture. The next movement will be ample shelter and convenient stalls or stanchions. The pastures secured, the barn room provided and properly arranged, then the next thing in order will be a suitable dairy house. How to build a dairy house so as to control the temperature of the milk is a very compli cated point with Southern.dairymen, where one has no cold spring bubbling forth from the rocks. The fact is, the building of dairy houses in the Gulf States especially, for the special purpose of making butter for market so as to secure the largest yield, and of the best quality, is a problem not yet satisfacto rily solved. There Is one party in this coun try who markets about 250 pounds of Jersey butter weekly. His dairy is entirely under ground. It is dug down into the limestone rock, and covered with a board roof. An suited for the purpose of butter dairying. For this purpose the Jerseys and Jersey grades surpass all other breed. It is best, perhaps, for the majority of prospective dairymen to select the best native cows their means will admit, and cross with a Jersey bull. In time, a herd of grade Jerseys can be secured that will be worth a vast amount of money to their owners as butter producers. To all who contemplate engaging in butter dairying we would urge the importance of getting the best cows possible and weeding out all such as will not come up to a certain standard. In order to definitely determine the matter it will be necessary to weigh and churn each cow’s milk separately for a given length of time. This is the only absolute method of knowing the butter capacity of each individual cow in the herd. By experi menting in this way, you will doubtless be surprised to find in many instances. that your most capacious milkers (especially if native cows) are not your best cows for a but- terdairy. “Enquirer” wishes to know how much butter a cow should average, how much feed necessary to maintain one cow, and how many cows ought to be kept upon a 280-acre farm ? These questions will not admit of a definite and satisfactory answer. One cow may yield fourteen pounds of but ter per week, another may not yield three pounds per week; one cow may consume a certain amount of feed and another not half as much ; 200 acreajraay be amplejfor a given A tONONDAUA.; _ We present to our readers a portrait of Onondaga, the beauti ful stallion purchased by Milt. Young of Dwyer Bros., and for Which he paid $6,000. In his two-year-old form Onondaga won the~Juvenile Stakes, for two-year-olds, at Je rome Park, and second to the Julietta colt in the Turf Stakes at Sheepshead Bay. On June 25th ran his great match with Lorillard’s Sachem, for $1,000 a side, $1,500 added_by the C. I. J. C., same weights, ■%. of a mile, beating Sachem by a length in 1:16K. Won the J uly Stakes at Monmouth Park, beat ing Gerald by four lengths, plex, Memento and a good following. Won the Stakes, ut Saratoga, %ot a in 1:16, beating Nightcap Glenaven. Onondaga heads the list winners by Leamington, started 0 times—1st, four times 2d, once and 3d, once; given at $17,060. Mr. Young’s career upon the turf coversbut a brief period of three years, yet he stunds to-Ua as a leading turfman. His success has been phe nomenal and demonstrates 'what good, prac- ticalsense, sound judgement and enterprise can do with the thoroughbred racer. The success which he has achieved in so short a period is only surpassed by that of the Lor- illard's and Dwyers, attaiued in a much long pereriod. Mr. Young stands third in the country as a successful owner of a racing stable. He started three years ago, previous to which he had owned but a sad dle horse, and his first purchases were Beat rice, Bootjack and Bancroft, all capital racers. These were the best of his stable, al though he has since brought out a number of good ones. He always purchased the best and never meddled with the crabs, but weed ed them from his stable os fast as they devel oped. The blue and white stripes of his sta ble were generally somewhere in the front at the finish, and Mr. Young has always been considered an honorable turfman, with no breath of suspicion on his racing charac ter. The first step in his departure was the pur chase of “McUratbiana," that noted thor oughbred farm of H. P. McGrath, for $36,000. Mr. Young has, however, all along had a de sire to breed the racer, and, months before his purchase of “McUratbiana," the oppor tunity presented itself for securing a finely- (l.N THAI A ISO.) elevator is used to ascend and descend. Thi dairy is a success. But for general purposes and as bestsuited to a greater majority of dairymen in the South, we are inclined to think that what is known as the Wilkinson patent will prove the most satisfactory. The dairy is built up on an elevation and is partially under ground. lu the center of the floor there is an opening, three feet square say, which opens up an excavation three feet in depth, cemented at the bottom and along the sides. There is a subterranean duct, constructed of brick or plank, (brick is always best, as there is no decay or rebuilding,) which reaches from this hole at the bottom of the dairy, coming out at the bottom of the hill. If the duct is desired to be mode longer, it can be built in winding or curving fashion. The air passing through this subterranean pass age is cooled in summer and warmed in win ter, and entering into the dairy, provides the necessary temperaturo required. There is an opening passing through the top of the house, through which the air escapes from the dairy to the outside. This method of regulating dairy temperature is known as the Wilkinson patent, and having been test ed to a limited extent in this country has met with favor. A proper dairy-house secured, the next point will be the selection of a herd of cows number of cows, and another 200 acres ma fall far short of supporting such a number. The cow, the food, the fertility of the land and the intelligence and the capability of the farmer and dairyman, mustall be considered. To make butter dairying in the highest de gree successful, requires close and unremit ting care and attention of the owner, to the various details pertaining to the business. Good cows are absolutely indispensable, and good milkers who will not neglect their duty, and who willalwaysdraw the milk clean and leave none in the udder, must be secured. The cows must have good pastures, and when these fail, the deficiency must be made up by extra food. A cow once allowed to de crease in milk, owing to neglect in feeding, will require time and attention to be brought back to her former standard. In making butter dairying a specialty, the dairyman should aim at all times to make a first-class article of butter. Good butter al ways commands a good price in our cities and large towns, even when an indifferent article is hard to dispose of at any price. Then let your standard be a high one, and endeavor at all times to work up to it. Much responsibility rests with the dairy maid who manipulates the butter. To make a first-class article of butter requires time, skill and experience. To make such butter - an art to be learned. Only those living in the vicinity of a good market, or on or near a railroad, are advised to make butter dairying a specialty. In the fall, winter and spring butter can be shipped hundreds of miles by express, with an assu rance that it will reach its destination in good saleable condition. In the months of June, July and August it is a very difficult matter to ship butter any great distance so that it may arrive at its destination in good order without the aid of ice, and in most in stances ice is impracticable and out of the question with Southern dairymen. The writer has been engaged in butter dairying less than two years, with a herd of twenty cows, most of them grade Jerseys, and he has no hesitancy in saying that his dairy pays him three times as well, In pro portion to the time, labor and capital em ployed, as any other branch of the farm. He is still a novice in the business,and feels that he has yet a vastamount to learn in this new branch of business. I would be glad to see the subject of butter dairying in the South— the Gulf States more especially—more gen erally discussed by those who have had more or less practical experience in the business.” A Good Plan for Improving tbs Public Roads, The editor of the Raleigh, (N. C.) Newt and Obterxtr, speaking of the necessity for better country roads, says: “When we were a member of the Legisla ture in 1870, the question what to do with the penitentiary and the convicts pressed itself upon, our attention. It was then un derstood that the convicts might be utilized in the construction of the unfinished railroads in which the State had direct interest, and we coutemplated that as soon as those works should be com pleted these State hands would be used to improve our country roads. That time isjnow drawing near. In two orthree years at farthest, these railroads, we hope, will be completed, and then this convict labor can be employed with profit on those other and hardly less important highways that pass by the very doors of our citizens. Some scheme of work must be established under legis lative direction, and it is not too early to direct attention to it and present some plan for dis cussion. If we suppose that a penitentiary force of 500 men can be put to work on the coun ty roads, wo would suggest that for the first few years they be divided into gangs of fifty each, and that each gang should begin to operate in the neighborhood of some town where there is considerable travel. They might, from such a town as a centre, put in good condition, at first, ten miles of each road of conse- * quence leading out of the town. Afterthat work has been com pleted, they might add a second section of ten miles to each road. This would so bring the worst portions of these roads and those mostly traveled up to a fine condition. It would be for the benefit of all who trade in these towns,no matter where they live. When they had been done, the counties plight be empowered to retain at home all their own convicts, ex cept the most villainous fellows, and two or more coun ties might work together. The local force so organized would form a band of road hands that would in a few years put the roads of each county in a far better con dition than now exists. By such means the people will be in great part relieved of the burden that now oppresses them of working the roads, and the convict labor will be turn ed to good account without Interfering stall with the ordinary employment of other la borers. It thus seems that the adoption of some such plan will solve several diffi culties, and we call it to the attention of the press. After we get all that arranged, come com petent and experienced road masters.” Our thanks are due our esteemed confreres of the Turf, Rod and Gun, of Louisville, Ky., for the use of the cut of “Onondaga” in this issue, to Scattered Seed* of West Cheater, Pa., for the use of the cuts “ the Village Black smith ” and “ the Tailor Bird,” and to Mr. C. F. Fletcher, of Jamestown, N. Y., for cuts of “White Cochins” and “Brown Leg horns."