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196 THE SOUTHERN' WORLD, MAY 1, 1885. Editorial Correspondence Bouthibn Wosld.] NEW OIU.UANH EXPOSITION, Pennsylvania—New York —New Jersey—Ohio—Indiana—Mlclil jfan~WIscon»In~MlnneHota~Ne- liraHka — Kansas -Illinois—Call fornU-Oregon-Halne-Ter in o n t—C onnejctlcu t—K li o <1 e lsland~nakota-Hontana-ldabo —Wyoming—C o 1 o r a d o—United States Display of Artillery and Small Arms—Department of the Interior— Agricultural Depart ment. (NO. V.) Having concluded hit notices of the several Southern States, the w-iter, lathe last number of tbo Southkbn World promised to attempt to describe the exhibits of the other portlona of the Union. These are ao voluminous, however, and similar In their details that It la verv diffi cult tc discriminate between them. We can only essay to give the salient and peculiar fea tures of each State and Territory. • PENNSYLVANIl makes a magnificent display of manufactured f oods, Including the products of her numerous rou ore mines, choice cutlery, machinery, glass ware and all the finest fabrics of the loom and workshop. Abo a full agricultural exhlbltof cereals,potatoes, vegetables and seeds Herlusci- ous apples were specially noteworthy, and the elegantly fashlona model of ‘-Independence Han" was constantly surrounded by a crowd of admirers. Her school record, too, Is admirable. NEW YORK. In spoaktrg of the "Empire State” we necos- sarl'y duplicate Pennsylvania save In the ex tent of her manufactures of Iron, which fall short of those of the Keystone State. But, in ge- eral manufactures, embracing hundreds of articles of every conceivable description, and elegant displays of goods fancy notions, paintings, ml"er»ls. etc, she stands without a rival. The school display of this State, too, In the gallery up stairs Is alone worth the cost of a visit to the Exposition. NEW JERSEY has a noble show of domestic wines, seeds, nuts, vegetables, fruits. Including cranberries, flour, tobacco and textiles; also manufactures of leather, wool, cotton, shoes, hardware. Jewelry and porcelain ware, old arms and relics ol the revolution, and a tine display ol her oyster In- dustry. OHIO brings to the front many ohoico samples of wool fleeces, chemicals and curious pottery. Her rain pyramid Is one ol the mosttssty and strlk- proportions and covers every cereal known in that latitude most artistically arranged. Her display also of vegetables, honoy and provisions, tobacco and dairy products is very fine. Grind stones, marbles ana building stonea are to bo seen too In great variety, and a magnificent Warwick vase of terra cotta, elaborately carved, aod other art pottery. Tlio exhibit of needle work, paintings, elegant furniture and worsted work could hardly be surpassed. INDIANA has a grand display, embracing almost the whole field of Western agricultural productions. The cereals, domestic wines, vegetables, fruits, sweet meats.plckles and everything nice that the larder can afford are here In abundance. Also a largo variety of manufactured goods of - all grades, and wood-work, beautiful furniture, and pretty thing, for household uso, needle work, etc. Besides these are to be seen many speci mens of coal, marble, building stones and min erals. MICHIGAN is remarkable for her potato exhibit. No lass than 600 varieties of mammoth size are shown In plates, and statistics show that she is the Ban ner Potato Mate of the Union. Herdlsplav also of native woods, grain, fruits, seeds, salt and mlnera'B challenges comparison with any. Of copper ore. magnetic Iron ore, eto., there wore many specimens. In fancy work, embroidery and canned fruits, vegetables, etc., she wai fully abreast of her lUtcr States. WISCONSIN, This exhibit Is one of the finest, and perhaps gronnds the most expensively gotten up, on the grown „ The contributions arc all placed under hand somely painted glass octagonal coses. In these are grouped the various beautiful fabrics of the loom, and the c h olceat products of garden, field and orchard, all most deftly classified and ar- ‘ challenges unlveraa' rouged. The effect simply c: _ admiration. Besides the above, are to be seen luictous heavy in the comb, lovely needle and fancy work, paintings, soaps, minerals, a big soldiers. Nor was this State wanting In the other exhibits of fancy work already described. KANSAS. The display of this great State is also remark able for Its splendid exhibition of field and garden products, dried and canned fruits and vegetables. and especially (or her choice apples, ' varieties. JT . This la a great wheat and corn ntate, and the specimens of these cereals could not be sur passed. ILLINOIS, the great "Prairie State," where they bum oom in the ear for fuel because it la actually cheaper than wood or coal, comes up with a dlj * , Isplay of grain,vegetables,grasses and garden products not surpassed on the continent Her pumpkins re semble the “rooks’" eggs we read of in fairy story, and look like little n saury, ana inoK use nine mountains. She, too, has e-eciod a rustic cottage, thatched, walled and tins’! with pendant spires ol grain, the rich h> Ads and kernels standing out In all their plumpness, and bidding mute defiance to gaunt famine and the mncb-dreaded “wolf at the door.” In the fine arts, needle work, minerals, etc., her show Is also fully equal to any of her Western neighbors. CALIFORNIA. The honey exhibit of the “Pacific Slope” Is without a na-alel In the world. This single In dustry Is suflllclent to enrich the State, and will ere long be mme profitable than her gold mines, et it Is still In Its Infancy, And yef it Is still in Its Infancy. The vegetables and fruits of California, too, notably, of the latter. BUU UUtMUl liftlliunua«kw, UUMIWIJ, ui grapes, pears, oranges and figs, are top well known to need description. Her gold and silver ores attract universal attention, and the quality of the wines on exhibition thousands of epicures will endorse, This too Is a leading Industry, and so Is the growing ol wheat and the drying of figs, plums and raisins for market. All of these commodities are well represented here, together resented In the New Orleans Exposition only, had the former the advantage. Let us now continue our stroll through the Government Department, beginning where we left off at the ‘‘Greely Expedition/’ Clo*e at hand are grouped many formidable and mag nificent specimens i f the ARTILLERY AND SMALL ARMS of the United States. Among the breech-load lng cannon was one weighing M.ooo pounds and requiring WO pounds of gun-powder for a tingle charge. This immense engine of deatruc- whlch it bnrls to the distance of eleven miles There were Spanish fle'd-plecea al'o o' great beauty, the famous Gatlin gun, Hotchkiss re volving esnno < having six bores and loaded at the breech, all the small arm* of modern in vention, bay torpedoes, shells, etc. RLRCTBIC SEARCH LIGHTS of 2,000 candle power and Interesting models of life-saving apparatus are also to he teen here. Range lens and models ol steam ships of war; also. Innumerable specimens of patents, paint ings and dried or stuffed specimens of Insects, serpents, tortoises, birds, animals, marine mon sters such as the porpoise, shark and sea lion, nurioia fungi, sponges, shells and the whole field of metallurgy ; tobacco of every grade, and a grand collection of American woods with the uses to which each specimen Is applied illus trated by wooden-ware, cabinet work, etc. The above comes properly under the ■round, measured IS feet in diameter, and atthe mre, 33U feet The total altitude was 380 feet, and there was ample room for thirty-two per sons to dance upon the stump. OREGON has » goodly exhibit of woolen goods, heavy blankets, and thick fleeces of wool Just from the hacks of the sheep; salmon from Columbia river, flour, vegetablea and grain of excellent quality grown within her borders; seeds, ma- ole sugar, fine building stone, marble and val uable minerals. This state Is constantly in creasing In wealth and Importance. MAINE. The display of this Commonwealth consists chiefly of lnmber stores, wagons, chairs and other furniture, fancy wood-work, canned fruits and meats, ship and boat buildings, cot ton and wool manufacture", rope, cutlery, etc. Specimens of eaoh of these Industries are on exhibition and make a very creditable appear- ' - odr' ance. Rome of the models of ships are almost faultless: the terra cotta wares, too, are Ingenious and pretty. VERMONT makes a creditable show of forest woods, cereals, apples, potatoes, seeds, stuffed birds, herbs, and a variety of manufactures, including flannels, suspenders and other fabrics. Her samples of marble and granite also were numer ous and excellent. CONNECTICUT Is literally a manufacturing State, and, a very bee hive of Industry. Of course her exhibit was DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, as well as the following interesting exhibits. Under the bead of Economlo Geology, all the nseful ores, such as copper, coal, Iron, gold, sil ver, lead and white lead ; these are to be seen in great abundance and variety. MINERAL YIELDING OEMS are the next In order. Including quartz crystals hornblinde cuts, eye turquoise, chrysolite, op: . .. ged whale-boat, every sail set and atihertackle. pablss, haronons, etc., on board. Besides these there was also an extensive collection ol INDIAN RELICS, embracing the ornaments, weapons. Imple ments, pipes, bead work, clothing of dressed skins, etc . gathered from all the tribea North c South. Also horn spoons, mats, grass bags and buckets from Alaska; Esquimaux bowa and arrows In quivers, Rloux Indian ornamented shields ana war clubs, aDClent pottery from Arizona; Idola curiously painted and orna mented and Ingenious basket work from the Puebla Indians; the ruins of anolent towns in Arlsona; maps, charts and hundreds of other interesting objects Impossible to be enumer ated. THE “DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,” eomposed.prlncipally of the outcome^oMhe fac torr'and furnace. Still the pluckv little State had nice specimens of potatoes, onions, oorn and seeds and mads a good exhibit. RHODE ISLAND. This diminutive State, called “Llttte'Rhody, bss a large display of manufactured goods In great variety, paints, Jewelry, tools, etc. The making of paper was shown In all its processes from the wood pulp to the finest article used iailuy nuiti Du»po| uiiuouuoi a variety of naliv* woods and hundreds of other articles of Interest. Her display ranks among the best at the Exposition. MINNESOTA. This enterprising young State has spared nei ther pains nor expense In her preparations for the Exposition. Her exhibit will compare favorably In many respects wl-h auy other, while In taste aud arrangement It is unsurpassed. Among tho objects that arreat fhs delighted at tention ol the visitor are the Falls of Minnehaha, which is a real cascade of sparkling water de scending about fifteen feet, and emerging from an Arcadian scene of rustic loveliness,surround ed with a l the appurtenances of nature, even in cudlng toe savage In his mountain wilds. The volume of water is considerable, and. Us plasti falls pies sail tly but strangely on the ear amid tin bnsy throng moving In all directions. Below where the stream Is flowing swiftly, may b> seen three Indian birch canoes, with full size figure! of savages, displayed in native costume, engaged In spearing fish, while the squaws their papooses with them, arecolleotingtho wild rice which grows luxuriantly on the water’s edge. Near by Is their wigwam made of bark, and within view also la a toboggiu or sled, loaded wltn furs, etc., drawn by dogs, tandem fashion. The whole scene la eminently life-like and striking. Minnesota has also an excellent dis play of cereals, vegetables, silk cocoons, miner als, stuffed waterfowl, artioles of homo Industry, OtCs NEBRASK# has been outstripped by no8tatelntheUnlonln the magnitude and character of her agricultural show. Dirt otly In front, elevated upon the >um- mlt of an Immense grain monument most grace fully constructed of every variety of cereal, . f the goddess Ceres, stands a full length statueof and all around In dense profusion lie the rich fruta aod vegetables ol mother earth. Specimens ofsorghum cane and clean, white sugar,manufac tured from the Juice, occupy prominent positions, and among the vegetables we notioed a gigantic Chill squash, his tingle esculent would dine a regiment of for hooks and commercial purposes. We were astonished also at tho magnitude other mineral exhibits. The glory of the Utile Commonwealth however. Is In ltesnhools. These number 850 with 1,221 teachers and 463 school-houses val ued at $2,099,285.00. The annual salaries of teachers aggregate $431,951.34. DAKOTA. Having completed the round of aU the States of the Union, let us devote a brief season to the cxsiuioatton of the displays of the United States Territories. First In onr note-hook comas Da kota. and just hare the writer would affirm that this single exhibit is worth a trip to the Expo sition. BssMes a most astonishing display of grain, vegetables, grapes, minerals and ores, the visitor will be greeted with a sight of all the animals of that region stuffed and aa natural a* life, standing or reclining on a circular plat of ground covered with grass and real shrnos and trees. There we find on his native heather the wile antlered elk, deer, the stately moose, the huge huffklo, Rook mountain sheep, wolves, - I# . _ nUUE lilUUUHItU DULL V, TV vt V 60) bears, prairie dogs, rabbits, foxes and heavers, ' * on the boughs of the trees are while perched on the boughs of the trees are owls, eagles and ether stuffed birds. Ifl the midst stands a hunter's horse, saddled and equipped with lariat, eto. One striking tableau was a catamount In the act of slaughtering an elk. The whole conception was complete and true to nature.. In addition were to be seen numerous specimens of furs, dressed skins, eead work and Indian weapons, utensils and curiosities. MONTANA’S display was also very fine. It embraced In part many specimens of gold and silver ores, a large collection of mlnerais,msrble, oopper, iron ores, corn, apples and mammoth potatoes. The names, loo, other stiver mines and their yield ol bullion were conspicuously displayed. IDAHO made a grand display of silver bullion in clocks, sliver and gold ores, coal, minerals, wild rice and native grasses, corn, rye, oats,eto. WYOMING placed on exhibition immense masses of pure coal, minerals, gold and copper ores, petroleum, shale,stuffed birds, vegetables and one of the largest displays of cereals to be lound at the Ex position. COLORADO charmed everyone with .a' romantlo" grotto packed with a magnificent display of her pro- ductir— * —* one. These embraced a great variety ot Tn frout ol the -train, vegetables and fruits. grotto were little plantations ot standing oats, which adjoined that of the “Interior,” exhibited an infinite variety of textiles, wool and cotton specimens, wooden work, basket ware, barrels, kegs, boxes traps for animals, seeds, cereals, hay moss, grasses and divers other products we have not time or space to partton’arlze. The whole forms a bewildering array of useful and curious articles snch as has never been gathered before under one roof. Indeed, the display of the General Government and the several States and Territories of the Union, as a whole, far surpasses that of any single nation or country at any previous Exposition whether In Europe' or America. H. H. J. Farm Topics. Farm Work for May. BY B. J. BEDDING. wheat, rye and barley all ripe tor the sickle, which had been placed there at much pains aud cost. A unique partof her exhibit was a revolv ing pyramid of minerals Ingeniously constructed which was ever p-esentlng something new and different to the eye of the visitor. The above and preceding sketches give necessarily bnt an Imperfect ana meager resume of ail the displays of tbo States add Territories of the Union, wnluh far surpassed lumagnl ude, variety and coin- lateness those of the Philadelphia Centennial. pleteness those of the Philadelphia Centennial. In respect to the number of foreign nations rep- The main crop of corn being well on the way, and most of the cotton crop planted, the work of cnltivation is now pressing on the attention. If the work of preparation haB been thorough and the planting done with care, the labor of the next sixty days will have been greatly facilitated. In the case of corn, if the preparatory plowing was not well done, the first working should, bh far as possible, atone for previous neglect. Deep work cannot be safely deferred be yond the first plowing, both on acconnt of the danger of injuring the plants by mangling the roots, and also because the seasons cannot be relied on to do more than a few days work at snob a time. The best time to kill weeds is before they come up, and if the crop be plowed and harrowed as often as will be necessary to encourage and maintain a vigorous growth and development of the plants, there will be no trouble on that account. Where the corn land is in good condition, we do not think any thing is gained by plowing very early, or while the corn is still very small Better defer the first working, in such cases, until later, when it will be more beneficial. The time-honored rnle is to plow/over the crop every twenty-one days, but we are of the opinion that three weeks is too long a period, 'espe cially if the‘seasons are good and the com is growing well. Where the ground is already mellow and loose, nse wide-spreading cultivators or sweeps that will clean ont a five-feet row at one round. What the crop needs is a fine, mellow soil. The beet time to plow any crop (stir the surface soil) is after a good rain, and before a crust has time to form. If the surface could be kept always open and porous, the evap- ration of moisture would be greatly les sened, and the free circulation of air thus encouraged would enable a ctop to grow and mature with much less rain fall. It is true, when a field is fresh plowed the surface does seem to dry off more rapidly, bnt, in fact, the moisture is retained beneath the surface much longer. The loose porous soil left be hind the cultivator acts as a mulch, just as straw or other litter. Any one may convince himself of this by stirring the surface of a few rows soon after each rain, and leaving other rows undisturb ed during the intervals of ten or fifteen days,which frequently separate showers. The characteristic work of the month is “chopping cotton.” We congratu late those farmers who have planted their cotton already chopped out, so to speak, by dropping either in hills or by the step. We believe it ie the plan that will eventually prevail among progres sive and intensive farmers. If the crop was well planted, the stand good, and the beds smooth and mellow, it is often the better plan to let the hoes precede the plows. We have seen a crop chopped ont ahead of the plows that was every whit in as good condi tion as if it had been first plowed and then hoed. In chopping cotton there is room for the display of good judgment *nd skill. Some farmers insist on cleaning out the weeds, thoroughly, in going over the first time, and are con tent to get half to three quarters of an acre per hand per day. It is better to get over more ground and hoq more rows even if not done so well. A hand that goes in a half walk, striking “but once in a place,” will have done more effective work at the close of a day than another who carefully “irons” every hill and counts the nnmber of stalks to be left standing. The first will have accomplished from one and a half to two acres, while the last will have done only half as mneh. The one will have destroyed twice as many weeds, as well as gone over twice the nnmber of rows as the other. The rapid plan is some times called “blocking out.” By this plan the hands will get over the cron in one-half or even one-third the lime re quired by the slow tedious method, and will be enabled to get over the second time before, by the latter, they could have finished the first time. There should be no interval between the two workings, but the hoes should start on the second ronnd so soon as the first is completed. This leads to the remark that there is little wisdom in the policy of going over a crop with an undeviating, clock-like succession of operations, no more than there is in adhering to one particular form or size of plow, the crop through. A wide-awake and (Successful farmer, acts very much like a successful com manding general in battle, changing his tactics and points of attack according to circumstances. We have seen the ma chine farmer “stuck in the grass” in the last quarter of the first round with the hoes, slowly tugging away at the rate of one-qnarter of an acre per day, only to find, when starting over again, that the first has become os bad as the last. He has followed the tactics of a celebrated general, who determined to “fight it out on this line if it took all summer,” and he will have to do as that general did, draw largely upon un limited reserves in order to accomplish the end in view. It would have been better to have thrown away the latter fourth of the crop, or at least deferred it to a “convenient season,” until the first three-fonrths could have been se cured. Where abundant crops of forage crops were not planted in April, there is still time to plant millet, forage corn, Millo Maize, collards, etc. It ought to be a rnle with farmers to feed as much green forage as possible, and save the cured stuff for use when no other can be had