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KNOXVILLE. GEORGIA.
Germany is said to be the greatest
potato-eating country in the world.
Buffalo, N. Y., got its name from a
renegade Indian who fled from his tribe
beeause he had committed a crime. The
Indian, Buffalo, gave his, name to the
creek, and the creek gave its name to
the town.
Colonel Lamont is the “exchange
reader” of the White House. He has had
considerable practice in this department
of newspaper editing, and claims the
ability of getting through forty papers
an hour, which is excellent work.
A federation of clubs and sirailai
societies in Paris has been formed with
the object of cheapening medical attend¬
ance. Adult members of the association
pay forty cents a year for medical at¬
tendance, and children twenty cents.
The contract for the Peter Cooper
monument in New York has been
awarded to St. Gaudens, the sculptor,
who began his art work in Cooper Insti¬
tute. The monument will cost about
$33,000, and the money is in the bank.
It is a curious fact that while Queen
Victoria speaks German in her home
circle, the present German Empress dis¬
regards it in hers and uses English as
much as possible. English is the fire¬
side tongue of the Greek, Danish and
Russian royal families.
It has been figured out by a statistical
official that there are 31 criminals to
every 1000 bachelors and only 11 crimi¬
nals to every 1000 married men. From
this showing he argues that matrimony
restrains men from crime, and ought
therefore to be encouraged by legislation
and otherwise.
The hay crop of 1887 was something
like forty-five million tons. For the
past seven years the hay crop has aver¬
aged a value of about three hundred and
eighty-eight million dollars a year. The
hay crop exceeds the cotton crop in value,
and Southern farmers are now paying
more attention to it than ever before.
An old man in Maysville, Ky., hai
driven a coal wagon for thirty-eight
years, and in that time it is estimated
that he has delivered over 4,000,000
bushels of coal. In his declining years
he can reflect that he has contributed to
the comfort, and consequently to the
happiness, of a vast number of hi3 fellow
beings, and therefore has not lived in
vain.
The $10,000 cook who is engaged and
will soon hold the position of “gastro
nomical director” in Mr. AY. K. Vander¬
bilt’s household, says the New York
Press, besides being the inventor of
recipes for producing appetites, and
“plots” for taking them away again,
knows to a wonderful nicety the anatomy
of a fowl or bird. lie can carve one
with a touch of refinement, and has an
ability to make a little go a great way,
that it would be difficult to surpass.
Take a duck, for instance. Off go the
legs and wings in four quick passes of
the knife. Next the breast bone is
clean shaven with a perpendicular stroke
and then a number of horizontal ones,
leaving as many slices on the dish as there
has been dashes of the knife. Then the
carcass is divided into so many nice look¬
ing tidbits that each vies with the other
in trying to prove itself the most tempt¬
ing morsel of all. If “M. Josef ” gets
tired of his small salary and limited
quarters, he can give lessons in the art of
iesthetic carving or turn surgeon. _
MAKING CANDY.
SECRETS OP THE SWEET-MEAT
MANUFACTURER REVEALED.
Cheap Candy—How the Candy is
Worked—Making Taffy, Gum
drops, Bonbons, Lemon
Drops and Caramels.
Cheap candies are not only often poi¬
sonous, but badly adulterated with terra
alba, corn starch and starch sugar or
glucose. Cheap gumdrops are made from
corn starch, to which ordinary glue is
sometimes added; whereas the best gum
drops are made from gum arabic and
cane sugar. Stick candy made from
glucose may be detected by its lack of
sweetness, its yellowish color and its ex¬
treme frangibility. The nuts and fruits
used in the cheaper varieties arc of poor
quality,' being mostly worm-eaten, old
or damaged. candy worked by placing it
The is on
a marble slab kept warm perhaps by
steam (sometimes an iron plate at one end
is kept heated), and having movable iron
bars for sides and ends—like the chase
with which a printer’s “form” is sur¬
rounded. When cool enough to handle
the flavor and the coloring ingredients
are worked in. Clear candles are run
into p ins or trays without being kneaded
or pulled; but if a white opaque article
is desired the mass is pulled on a hook
similar to those seen in butchers’ stalls,
pulled out, folded and thrown back over
the hook, and again pulied until it
assumes a sufficiently white appearance. used,
For stick candy “A” sugar is
boiled down with a little cream of tartar
to prevent crystallization.
The striping of sticks is a very takes cu¬
rious tiling to see. The operator
from the warm mass of a
which he colors as desired, then draws
it out into long, coarse strips, pressing
them into the main mass, which is then
rolled into a cylindrical shape, and
gradually tapered out smaller and
smaller until it is of the di’ameter of a
stick of candy; the mass then resembles
somewhat a balloon laid on its side, with
its drag-rope extended on colored the ground stripes
beside it. Now, the
(having been rolled up in the paste) have
been drawn out with the rest and in
proper proportion, so that they appear
both in the inside and on the outside of
the stick as stripes. Sometimes a slight
twist is given to the long stick before it
is cut by the scissors to the required
lengths. The working of caudy by
kneading or pulling it on the hook
separates the particles and increases the
bulk, so that the youngster who buys a
stick of candy imagines wrongly that he
is getting more for his money than if he
hud invested in a clear stick.
Lemon and other drops are now made
by machines, which consist of two re¬
volving cylinders, with holes on each
side so arranged as to come exactly op¬
posite each other when the cylinders re¬
volve ; the movement of the cylinders
forces the candy into these molds.
The flat, striated, cream sticks of the
shops are made simply by working the
candy very thoroughly Peppermint until it acquires
the creamy texture. and drops
heated are made of the granulated boiling point sugar (but not water act¬
to
ually boiled), and afterward flavored
with the essence. White molasses candy
is made of “Coffee C” with
equal proportions of sugar house and
New Orleans molasses, and a little car¬
bonate of soda; if this candy is poured
into trays without taffy. working, it all forms cough a
fine, plain Nearly
candies are made of boiled brown sugar,
flavored or medicated with anise,
camphor, cayenne pepper and pepper¬
mint, in varying proportions. The med¬
icated lozenges, known under the name
of troches, pastilles and pulmonic demulcent, wafers,
contain sedative, substances tonic and possessing often slightly astrin¬
gent properties. Most bronchial troches
are composed of extract powdered of liquorice, cubebs
sugar, gum arabic,
and extract of conium.
The delicious cream bonbons, of which
the most popular variety is the chocolate
cream, form a group by themselves.
The materials used are the best loaf or
crushed sugar, water, with a little acetic
acid or cream of tartar, and the whole
boiled to the thread degree. The cream
ing cf the mixture, so that it melts in
the mouth, is produced by rubbing it
back and forth on the marble slab or
against the side of the kettle with a
wooden spatula or spoon. Sugar in this
state is called fondant by confectioners,
Owing to the peculiar granular texture be
of the creamed sugar, it can not
cast in ordinary molds without break-
ing, hence the use of finely powdered
starch for molds. Plaster models ol the
shape desired are fastened at regular dis¬
tance? from each other on a flat slab
and starch-flour when pressed into cavities a tray of the
creamed produce is into which
the sugar then run.
The starch easily separates from the
bonbons when they are cool, just as the
earth molds fall away from the finished
iron casting. shaken in The candles sieve are also gen¬
erally a to remove the
starch particles that may still a there. If
it is wished to crystallize them, they are
submerged boiled for ten or with twelve small hours in
properly of alcohol sugar added; when a lcmoved por¬
tion
they will be covered with sparkling crys¬
tals. The chocolate on the outside of
chocolate creams is applied by simply
rolling the cream balls in thick, fluid
chocolate. grinding it The chocolate hot is prepared bed, the by
which on a plate or the sub¬
heat of melts the oil in
stance and keeps it in a fluid condition.
The delicate little aromatic disks
known as white lozenges are also made
of gum arabic, which is mixed with dry,
powdery icing sugar, the mass then fla¬
vored, rolled flat with a wooden roller,
and cut into shape with a tin cutter. In
this case the sugar is not even heated or
mixed with water at all. Sugar-coated
confections, such as sugared almonds,
pistachios and perfumed cherry kernels, scale
are now generally made on a large
by machinery, as follows: The almonds,
we will say, are placed in spherical cop¬
per pans over a hot fire, and then a heavy
syrup allowed slowly to drip over them.
The pans are heated by steam passing
through coils of pipe, and are kept in
continual oscillation; the wafer of the
syrup quickly flies off in vapor, leaving
the almonds covered with crystals of
The fruit pastes sold at candy shops
are prepared by reducing the fruit—be it
peach, orange, or quince—to a kind of
marmalade, mixed with the exact of
amount of mallow sugar required. The roots used
the marsh are not often
nowadays in the compounding of the
popular paste of that name. This is
owing to the unpleasant taste of the
roots. The juice or jelly of the apple is
employed instead. The other ingre¬
dients are gum arabic, the beaten whites
of eggs, and flavoring—the whole thick¬
ly dusted with powdered starch.
Chocolate caramels are made of gela¬
tin, dairy cream, sugar and chocolate.
The delicate molasses chips confections made for
fastidious consumers of are
compounded flavor; of sugar their brittleness and a little is mo sim¬
lasses for
ply due to the fact that the syrup is
boiled to the brittle or “crack” degree.
—Popular Science Monthly.
Photographers and Gats on Railroads
The functions of an English railroad
photographer are various. When en¬
gines or carriages of a new record pattern of their are
constructed he takes a
features. Again, perhaps viaduct it is reported shows
to the engineer that a
signs of giving way, that a wall has
cracked, or an embankment slipped, and
in the first instance, if the damage is
only slight, instead of going himself to
see the state of affairs, he sends the
photographer to see and record it for
him. Or if an accident has happened,
there can be no lying, dispute afterward whether such how
tbe and engine such was left or the metals,
a once
a commission has been issued to take
evidence of the sun. A few miles off,
however, at Trent, we found a yet more
remarkable portion of the company’s
staff; eight cats who were borne on the
strength of the establishment and for
whom a sufficient allowance of milk and
cat’s meat was duly provided. And
when we say that the cats have under
their charge, according to the season of
the year, from 100,000 to 300,000 ad¬ or
400,000 empty corn sacks, it will be
mitted that the company cannot have
many servunts who better earn their
wages. The holes in the sacks, which
arc eaten by the mice which are not
eaten by the cats, are darned by twelve
women, who are employed by the com¬
pany.— Murray's Maqazine.
Fought . . ftolves With a Tin Horn. „
R. C. Jopp, a school teacher in Bar
ron County, while walking from Rice
to Clear Laice, was chased by wolves,
and in his flight was and obliged to in throw order
away his overshoes overcoat
to make time. Fortunately for him he
bad a tin horn which he was taking to
the city to have changed for a neighbor,
and whenever the wolves sot uncom
fortably near he would blow the horn,
when they would stop and he would run
again, until he finally reached his desti
nation .—Milicaukee Sentinel.
WORDS OP WISDOM.
He that dies pays all debts.
Use both brain and brawn.
Regimen is better than wisdom.
Poverty is hard, but debt is horrible.
Our deeds determine us, as much as
we determine out' deeds.
Youth is in danger until it learns to
look upon debts as furies.
“What we call our despair is often only
the painful eagerness cf unfed hope.
Moderation is the silken string run¬
ning through the pearl chain of all vir¬
tue.
The man who minds his own business
and constantly-attends to it has all his
time employed. —
Throw away idle hopes; come to thine
own aid, if thou carest at all for thyself,
while it is in thy power.
Truth is the most fiction powerful only thing in t
the world, since can please
us by its resemblance to it.
Poverty often deprives a mau of all
spirit and virtue. It is hard for an
empty bag to stand upright.
Stiidy is the bane of childhood, the :
ailment of youth, the indulgence of
manhood, and the restoration of age.
The chief properties of wisdom are to
be mindful of things past, careful of
things present and provident of things
to come.
With love, the heart becomes a fair
and fertile garden, glowing with sun¬
shine and warm hues, and exhaling
sweet odors.
Lasting reputations are a slow growth.
The man who wakes up famous some
morning is quite apt to go to bed some /
night and sleep it all off.
We seldom regret having been too
mild, too cautious,"or too been modest; but
we often repent having too violent, !
too precipitate, or too proud.
As we are bound not to inflict unneces¬
sary sufferings on animals, so we add are -I
obliged to avert all that tends to to
the sorrow and trials of our common
community.
That which we require with the most
difficulty, we retain the longest; as those
who have earned a fortune are usually
more careful of it than those who have
inherited one.
To divert at any time a troublesome
fix fancy, thee run to to them, thy books. and drive They dull presently |
care 1
from thy thoughts. They always meet
thee with the same kindness.
Dwelling with Beasts of the Field.
The most remarkable Case of idiocy
exists in the northern part of this coun
try that has ever come under the observe- i
tion of man since Nebuchadnezzar, the J
Babylonian monarch, who, bereft of rea¬
son, wandered pitifully Babylonia, and aimlessly mak- I
through ing his dwelling the pastures with of the beasts of the \
field. The case is that of a twenty-four- ;
year-old daughter of a well-kown stock
raiser of this county. The daughter
has been an idiot from infancy, aud the
only desire, passion that or manifestation tbe of
will power above common to
brute order is an inordinate desire, en¬
forced with an iron will, to lead a bucolic
life and roam with herds of cattle. In
other respects she is but a blank, an :
emotionless and passionless creature, as
great a stranger to the comfforts of civil- i
ization as the South Sea Islanders. The ;
The only time that she separated ever displays |
displeasure is when she is from
the bovine species or within the sound of
human voices. And then her desire is
not manifested by tongue, for but few
inarticulate sounds, much less an intelli¬
gent expression, ever fall from her lips.
When separated from her favorite com¬
panions only a few hours she seems rest¬
less, cattle and trails again through with bare the feet mountains follows the till A |
she finds the lowing herd. Those who
h&vc suddenly come upon iier while hunt - 1
ing say that her appearance is almost
horrifying. Her long, matted hair and
glaring, protruding eyeballs and a slen
der frame clad in tattered rags present a
sight that has caused more than one bear
huDter to quail. Her father and broth- ■
ers attractive do all in their her, power but-have to make failed homegl ins'
to greatest!
every attempt. It is with the
difficulty that she is induced to take!
food, and she never sees the inside of
her father’s house unless brought there
by some member of the family .—San
Francisco Examiner.
A New York beggar who said lie j
hadn’t had anything to eat for two days
panned out $8000 in cash when searched
at the station.