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political.
‘•f/l «lien are Created Equal.’
In the heated debate in the United
States Senate ou the ,26th ult, upon the
repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law, Mr.
Pettit gave his views as follows, of the
true construction and meaning of the
words in the Declaration of Indepen
dence, “ all men are created equal.”—
Whether the view here presented was
precisely that in the mind of the au
thor of that memorable document, we
are not prepared to say. But it is the
only, one comformble to reason and
fact. A different construction will
lead to the most maifest absurdities.—
If all men were to be created equal in
the sense contended for by Mr. Sum
ner, and were to begin' their career
as such on to-morrow, they would not
remain equal twenty-four hours; and
each succeeding day the inequalities
among men would become more mark
ed and radical.— Con*!. <t* }Rep.
Mr. President, let me for a moment
turn you to that clause of the Declara
tion of Independence to which reference
is made. What? PWe hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal”—not bom equal, as
many say and as many state it in the
newspapers—“that they are endowed
by their creator with certain unalien
. able rights; that among these are life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
In a speech which I made here some
time ago, upon the Nebraska bill, I
said that the construction put upon
this clause of the Declaration of Inde
pendence by .the Abolitionists of the
, country, made it a self-evident lie in-
I stead of a self-evident truth. From that
I position I do not withdraw, but I bold
ly assert it again. :
Sir, Mr. Jefferson, in penning that
instrument, was not talking about indi
viduals; he was not talking of the
Senator or his progenitors from "Massa
chusetts; hey/us not talking about the
white or the black race, the Caucasian
or the African race; but he was talk-
I ing about aggregated, congregated bod
* ies, collections and associations of men.
He had reference to collections of men
when they had become sufficiently nu
merous to form independent States.—
Then it was, according to his ideas,
that they, as collections, and associa
tions of men, had equal political rights
with all other similar associations or
collections of men. In no other light
did Jefferson ever dream that lie was
■ speaking in that portion of the Declar
ation. Will you say to me that Mr.
Jefferson, Jjiruselt a slave-holder, the
descendant of a European, would stul
tify himself by saying that his African
negro slave, who was born his slave,
created his slave, begotten his slave,
who was his slave during the whole
gestation, was created his,
Jefferson’s equal? lie never dreamed
iof such a thing.
.Sir, the Senator named an African
who was among the first that was slain
in.the contest for freedom in the streets
of Boston. I will not pretend to sav
whether thafyi friean was the superior
ot the Senator' from Massachusetts, or
tiie Senator his "superior; but they
'MqL in niy judgment, equals in
equals in death. They were
nbtjhai-hioriibus and beautiful in life,
nor will they be equally beautiful in
death. . '
Xovvsf Shy to give this clause of the
J)eclwrlticm of Inttopenclence any other
<-on.stru|||)n than that wjßieh \ havq
given it. -it i-- an evident, a self-evident,
a palpable. He. What is the language?
'fJiat “all men are created equal. s*— 5 * —
Arc ; .tM*f created equally tall, equally
in-qaCequaHy long, equally short?—-
Are tpey created politically equal?-
Jiff they created physically equal ?
■Re' - : they -created mentally equal 'l—
|Are they created morally equal? 1
jfeiy, in no one of these several instan
.are all men cremated equal, You
beyond tlie‘ moment \vhcn
they |%t respire their native air. At.
that time, you sec presented to you the
imbqcjlfjN n mi nil, weak in bqdy, tl worf
in si/I* f while, beside him, the, same
day’s birth, you sec power, greatness,.
strenJtK wisdom and bdauty. In no
one UXBrnope, therefore* is there 4 perfect'
Hl‘ v !W,W if you _ regard
as im.ivuiuak As nations, as
nt n jr l, » th, '> have a right
‘to paflltt equality as to tlje formation
of thhif*qgovernment, arid the rights
and doM||ie duties that shall be es
t.ibl ■ them. 1 ask that
Senator—:.y o ,i, ,vh<> to-.lny IMtt
Oopiyonraeir—,y<™. who liavo sauUlut
the - solemn oath which you took at
that stand, administered I>y die 1 un
dent of this body upon the holy Evan
gelists of God, kissing the book, giv
ing seM and sanction to vour asset eia
tion—you who have said t o-dav 11 1 at you
would spit upon that oath, won i 1
regard iLs obligations -
Mr. Sumner. Never! Never! - ••
Mr. Pettit, You, who denied it,;
denied its power to bind you;..v‘»b
wbb said you would hot maintain io
'Constitution of the United States—
Mr. Sumner. 1 «dd I recognized no
obligation in the Constitution ol the
United States to bind me to. help to
reduce'a inan to slavery. -
Mr. Pettit. I ask you, do you claim
to be the equal of your revolutionsy
Ml Presiding Officer N'lio Sena
tor must address the -Chair, not the
Senator from Massachusetts.
Mr Pettit I ask the . Chair, then,
whether the Sector from Massachu
setts, with this .odium on his lips, is
the equal of his revolutionary sires,
t do not know that he had any, pi o
pcrlv speaking, Hit I take it, m a > a>e
point, of view. Is he the equal o
Adams of Hancock, ot \\ avren, vho
was the first martyr in the great cause
of liberty, of freedom, and union;
whose blood was the first to cement
the union of these States, on Bunker’s
hill, to which he lias referred? Are
you the equal of those men? Is he,
sir, the equal of those men ? 1 had
rather ask you, Mr. President, for I
think-you would answer u no,” and lie
might answer “yes.” .
Now, Mr. President, I come down to
later times. There is no distinction be
tween moral, physical, political and
mental equality, it you take the lan
guage laterally as it reads. I ask that
Senator then, or I ask you sir, wheth
er that Senator is the equal of the late
lamented Daniel W ebster, who pre
ceded him here long years ago —and
it would have been, well for the coun
trv if he had remained here in his seat
to the present day ? Is that Senator
the equal, mentally, morally, physi
cally, or religiously, of that deceased,
and illustrious man? When will the
Senator get to himself the proud repu
tation of the “Expounder ot the Consti
tution,” “the Godlike Daniel,” the
mighty giant intellect of Webster?—
lie will get to himself, instead, the odi
ous withering, blighting and blistering
name of “contemner and despiser ot
the Constitution, who refused to main
tain, support and endorse it. Does
tliat Senator pretend to say, that men
tally there is no difference? You
might as well interpolate “mentally”
as “politically.” Aou might as well
say, that all men are created mentally
equal, as to say that all men are creat
ed politically equal. Neither of those
words is in it; and, therefone, it appli
es as much to mental as it does to pol
itical equality.
Sir, men come to tile earth, they
make their. aflfrarance upon it, with
mental powersMbut with no political
rights, and I m"*, therefore, say with
more propriety that Jefferson intended
to say they were created mentally in
stead of politically equal. At the ear
liest creation there are evidences of men
tality without any political rights what
ever. Then is the Senator the equal
of Webster, who has deft a name, a
monument and a fame, I will not say
unsurpassable, but unequalled in
strength and power, arid durability,
by any other American Senator ? . I
believe that as a mere mental man—
and I speak of him in no other capa
city—Webster had not his equal on
this continent, if he had in Europe, or
upon any other continent. Is that
Senator his equal? He might as well
say, that the jackal is the equal of the
lion, or that the buzzard is the equal
of the eagle.
When you, sir, [addressing Mr. Sum
ner] find no man beneath you ; when
those who are near you —your own
class of men —can find no man beneath
you; when you shall claim as your
equal the man who rolls in the gutter,
whom God has deprived in bis own or
ganization and creation of all mental
power and capacity; when 3 r ou shall
claim that lie who wallows in the gut
ter with the vilest and most worthless
is your equal, then your interpretation
of the doctrine is true. Let me go fur
ther. If the Almighty even intended
to create the Senator the equal with
the mighty and lamented Webster, I
must be allowed to say that He made
a gross blunder and a most egregious
mistake. How, then, is it that men
all are equal, and are created equal?
When we first see them, they are une
qual, They have not equal political
rights. Will that Senator say that this
equality consists in political rights?—
Then he says that the serf of the An
to*-at of ftussia is hiS'eqtial in every
thing ancl lie the serfs equal. If so,
they ought to change stations, perhaps.
I say they are not equal, and were not
created equal.
Was the Senator, created a free
born citizen of Massachusetts, created
as such a member pf this great Kepub
lic and Confederation, and yet was he
created no more than equal with the
southern slave upon a southern planta
tion ? Was he created precisely equal
with the most ignorant of the ignorant
hordes that inhabit any portion of the
habitable globe? Was nc created on
ly equal, with the veriest au<l lowest
serfs of t]ie Kmperor Nicholas ?A
When the time shall come when he
avows there is no degradation, no
weakness of intellect, no physical,' ino
ra), or mental development beneath his
°)Vp, then he may assert the truth of
his dogma and Ids declaration. Sir, I
am incliried to believe that, in a moral
point of view, that Senator cannot find
one .beneath himself, taking his own
declaration to day. He who will
swear here in this body, appealing to
God for the truth -of what he savs, to
support the Constitution of the Onion,
and then boldly proclaim that lie will
not do it, has sunk, in my estimation,
tp a dypth of liumiUnfiph ’and degrada
tion which; it would not be enviable
'the veriest serf or the lowest of
broils creation to occupy. It may be
gnrds nil others ns his equal; hut there
are some who are not willing to regard
that Senator as their equal, and who
will never be coerycd into/ any such
admission.
THE INDKI’ 1 M 1 M I’IJKSS.
, •’ N kref’ ~
EATONTON, GA.
SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 15, 1851.
TO SUBSCRIBERS.
J3H Subscribers who do not livo in town will
find their papers at tho Drug Store. We have
made this arrangement ior their convenience.
“ Nebraska :
A Poem, personal and political. Boston: Published
by John P. Jewett <£• Cos., 1854.”
Such is tho title of a conglomeration which its
author calls a poem. Wo saw, in a Northern pa
per, some time since, an announcement of this
poem as a satire which was going to produce a sen
sation. Yankees wero “considerably exercised”
on tho subject of Nebraska: Aunt Harriet had
written a book about niggers, which, published, by
Jewett & Cos., bad enriched both publishers and
author : And why might not our author aLso, stir
himself up, “climb upon a negro’s back,” as he
says of Douglas, get the philanthropic brother Jew
ett to publish his pomn, sell it a good deal, and
have some money himself? Why might not lie,
while the thing was agoing, and Aunt Harriet was
making so much, coin “considible” out- of the fan
aticism of his brethren ? He guessed he’d about as
it, and so he had his poem published by
brother Jewett. But the “best laid schemes o’
mice and men”—with the former may be ranked
our author—are sometimes failures. We think we
saw in one paper that “Nebraska, a poem” had
been published, and but for the attention of our es
teemed friend, the Honorable D. A. Reese, who
franked us a copy, the other day, we should proba
bly never have heard of it again.
“Nebraska, a Poem” is in paper covers, written
in blank verse—very blank indeed— containing 42
pages, 33 lines to the page, making in all 138 G
lines, and 2386 lies, just 1000 more lies than lines.
It is divided into 6 parts, the blank verse in eaeli
part being occasionally relieved by a few verses in
rhyme, which are in fact a relief; like jumping out
of the frying-pan into the fire, for the sake of change,
knowing you will soon jump back again.
The real object of “Nebraska, a Poem” was the
desire of a ’cute yankee to avail himself of the ex
citement among the raw Jonathans to sell them his
book and make money. It was a mere variation
of tho wooden-nutmeg tune. Its ostensible object
is to save Nebraska from slavery—of which it nev
er was in any danger— to abuse slaveholders and
Mr. Douglas, and to praise Abolitionists.
I art I opens with some lines about Webster,
Calhoun, and Clay—wishing they were alive to de
feat the Nebraska Bill, and which are very nearly
sublime. They miss it by one step—and that is
the step which separates the sublime from the
rediculous. The poem opens thus:
■The granite giant, whose imperial brow
Shone like the moon amid his night of hair,
And whose magnetic eyes pierced through the veil
Which hides the future from the vulgar gaze,” Ac,
We were at a loss to know whether the author
refers in. those lines to some mountain, or to Bun
ker Hill, or Washington Monument. But by a
good deal of study lavished upon the context, we
found out that he meant Webster, by the “giant
granite.” _ Suppose an artist were going to trans
fer this picture of Webster to canvass. He would
first have to paint a giant body, made of granite-
Then he would put upon its shoulders the moon for
a head, .with a very black ground to represent the
“night of hair.” Then his “magnetic eyes, piercing
through the veil,” would be represented by posts
connected by wires running out of the sockets
where the eyes ought to be, and these posts and wires
going on through a veil hung hung tip in another
part of the picture. So that the portrait- of Mr.
Webster,, as drawn by our author, is a granite body,
with the moon for a head, covered by a very black
cap and two lines of magnetic telegraph sparkling
and whizzing, for the "eyes—resembling, to sorno
extent, the man in the moon. We will- warrant
the author of “Nebraska” that if he will make
such an image of Mr. Webster as the one he draws,
and .set it up in the territory about which he is so
uneasy, it will be an effectual obstacle so carrying
negroes into that country. It would be such a
scare-crow, or scare-nigger, as would keep out the
darkies of the South, in spite of all the blood-hounds
and guns which our author’s teeming imagination
can supply to slave drivers. Sambo has got no no
tion of “goin whar do debil is, sure,”
“Now let us climb Nebraska’s loftiest mount,
, And from its summit view the scene below.” ’
So says our author, after finishing hismanglomcnt
of Webster, Calhoun, Clay and “little giants.” His
purpose is to give an account of Nebraska as it
now is—like a runaway negro—in the woods, and
unsettled. You see our theme is so full of niggers
that we unconsciously draw our imagery f)om them.
But to proceed. After our author- gets tip on the
mountain, to “view the land of promise o’er,” he
goes on to describe the territory, and he makes it
a powerful nice country too—such nice trees, such
pretty streams, such singing birds, and all that. llow
pretty i and how original!
After surveying Nebraska, unpeopled as she is,
our author lias a vision in which ho sees the country
all settled and tho land reduced to tillage and dot
ted with schools, churches, &ci. And right hero
comes in tho first jingle of rhyme in describing the
loco-motive. Wo can well imagine we are at a
crossing when we read,
"The iron steed the train is bringing,
So look out while the bell is ringing —’’
the last lino being a plagiarism from tho sign-board
—a clear case of petty larceny, sir, as Thomas H.
Benton would say. In a word, Nebraska is as
“ fair as Eden was
Before the Arnold of the fiends below
Made Eve und Adam break their compromise,” s .
By. Eve and Adam are represented the North
and South, as wo,learn in a subsequent part of the
poem, though we never before hoard of any com
promise between Eve and Adam, And so ends
Part I.
Part II opens with the entry of the serpent
[Douglas] into the before-described paradise, and
abuses tho “little giant” a good deal in bad verse,'
showing the venom and impoteney of the author.
He, (tho author) then praises those 3000 Now
England clergymen, and, in another relay of rhyme,
says: '■
“Yes they would make this dark world bettor
Thaq’twas tho day it gave them birth,” —
And wo hope they’ll succeed; for surely tho world
was very bad the day it gavo them birth. Next
follows something about their protest to the-Senate,
Mr. Everett’s lack of “grit”' and’lldnstoh’s being
, “The champion of New England clergymen."
Something about
“Tho press—-tho press—tho free untramoled press,”
and Whittier, the Quaker poet',' closes Part TI.
Part 111 is devoted to vulgar abuse of Douglas
and Cass, and praise of Benton for his treachery to
the South. ? ‘ ,
“The grand Missourian stands pre-eminent—- I
Nor threats from bullies can inUmiifofc—
He stamps [not spits] upon the platforms of the age,
And «hivm into spHnters every plank’’- ,
• looking, according ?o the‘description given by bur
author, like one Os thofto steeds in fly time that
are haltered and promenaded hack' and forth for
exhibition, rearing, curvetting, neighing,'stamping
"""Tm
hunter*' 1 In it occurs what Massachusetts says
about it in thyme. One verse, ’given as a specimen,''
rends thus|E
“Shall priest and statesman climb the tapering steeple
At Concord to behold tho wondrous chase,
To see black Kossuth and our own white people
.Kmining a raw?”
Well it is right funny no .mistake, to see some
white folks climb a steeple to witness some other
white folks running after a nigger.
In this part occurs tho line,
“An armless hand is writing on the plaster.''.
If you wish to know why tt wrote on tho plaster in
stead of on the wall, as other hands do, it is be
cause wall does not rhymSwith, master, used in an
other line, while plasteJ does.
Part V is devoted to another slave-hunt, in which
tho victim i,s a woman with her child. It is night
and a very rainy, stormy night. Our author tells
tho wind to
“Blow till ye ‘split yer lungs’ and ‘crack ycr cheeks.”
And our poet,
“Amid tho pipings of the storm
Did hear a woman's fearful cry.”
lie went out, and took the nigger and her young
one into his house, and
“Tho dusky babe looked up and smiled
On him the happiest man on earth”—
and the probability is that‘our author is in tho habit
of smiling and being smiled upon by “dusky babes."
This picture he endeavors to make very pathetic,
and wo rubbed our eyes to see if wo could not start
a few tears, but they absolutely refused to come.
After somethingpout. “scenting the Afric smell,”
and other things equally delicate, Part V closes.
Part Yl.should have been styled, “ Conclusion—
wherein of men as are men, and also of men as
are not men.”, ~ It abuses what it calls the dough
faces that are sent from the North to Washington,
speaks of some hing paradoxical, lauds Chase, Se
ward, Sumner ind so on, and speaking of certain
moral agencies, including “Nebraska, a Poem,” we
suppose, says,
“These in strum nts, and such as these have changed
The current of i ur nations sentiment,"
We have not time to.point out the varied in
stances of bad tiste, false rhythm—there is hardly
anything else-frothy imagery stolen from the
style of Alexan ler Smith, who is our Poet's model*
and the thousand and one other errors of this Poem
with not one single redeeming trait in the whole
volume. One piling may be said, though, on an
other. score: In spite of “Nebraska, a Poem”—
in spite of its 3000 clergymen—its great Missourian
—its Wades, ind Chases, and Sumners—its Qua
kers and quertlousness, Nebraska a territory has
been thrown qien to slave emigration so far as
Congress can oo it—fugitive slaves have been re
turned to their masters, and “Nebraska, a Poem”
has been consigned to that oblivion it so richly
merits; while lie author’s dream of Cone, if he
ever aspired so ligh, has passed away with the vis
ions of gold which wero to be poured into his cof
fers by the salepf “Nebraska, a Poem.”
The author whds up with the couplet,
“God grant the Pulpit and the Press may guard
Nebraska from lie onslaught of her foes”—
to which we rejly that if she can survive the on
slaught of such friends as our author, she need
give herself no pneern about the onslaught of her
foes. t
“ Antajonistic Civilizations.”
An idea has gotten out about “antagonistic civ
ilizations,” as regards the North and the South.
Its meaning is 'hat the civilization North, and civ
ilization South, ; are so much opposed to each other
that they caimbt exist together under the same
government. This, we consider, to bo founded in
prejudice rather than based upon truth. Such is
the form of our national government that we be
lieve if it would confine itself strictly to its dele
gated powers, a republican state and absolute
monarchy even, could exist, together under it, each
state government, and the federal government con
fining itself to its own sphere,
Our Constitution does not permit a state, with
any other than a republican government, to enter
the Union, But we suppose that the framers oftho
Constitution, in this matter were governed as much
b\' their dislike to royalty as by any belief that a
state with monarchical features could not exist un
der our general government. We believe though
that Russia herself; with her autocrat performing
the functions of the state government, and confin
ing himself strictly to the: “reserved rights,” leav
ing the “delegated rights” in the hands of the Uni
ted States, could become a member 'of this Union,
and dwell together in peace with the other states.
This is the beauty of our system of government:
That while each statej with interests as diverse as
tiie poles, is left to control its own internal affairs
and regulate its police, looking to the promotion of
these diverse interests, those which are general in
their nature, • such as regulating commerce, coining
money, establishing post routes, waging war for
the common defence, &c., are left, to a government
whoso agency is to attend to those things. And
this government transcends its limits and under
takes a duty which does not legitimately belong to
it, when it attempts to' do any thing, either for
or against, local interests. Hence the great mis
take made by the general government when it at
tempted to foster domestic manufactures. It would
have been wrong even if it lmd not been favoring
one section at the expenso of the other. For it
was assuming a function which does not belong to
the general government. It is equally foreign to
the sphere of the federal government to legislate
for or against local interests, even where there is no
conflict of interests.
With this view of tho duties of the state and
general governments, there is no force in the idea
of “antagonistic civilizations.” When fanatics are
taught, by the halter if necessary, that no state has
a right to interfere with tho local concerns of an
other, and when tho general government is taught
by tho states that it must make the letter of tho
Constitution the limits of its action, wo shall hear
no more about “antagonistic civilizations,” nullifi
cations, secessions or disunions.
Offensive and Defensive.
The Northern press Has been in the habit of act
ing upon the offensive, attacking our institutions,
while the conductors of tho Southern press have
contented themselves with acting upon tho defen
sive. In this way, our section has been held at a
disadvantage. To prove this, let two mon have a
quarrel upon the street, one attacking tho other all
the time, while the. latter contents himself with an
swering the charges brought against him, instead of
repelling them by counter attacks, and see which
will got the advantage.
Now suppose that the South, instead of answer
ing ,tho attacks made upon the subject of slavery
by defending the institution, should change her,
system of warfare and pour lipt shot into the flank
of the North by oxposing, through Southern news
papers, the crime and poverty of Northom cities,
and the cruelty with which tho Abolitionists treat
theif apprentices, aiid factory operatives. .Supposo
our Congress, day after day/ and
session after session, to abate nuisances which have
sprung up at the North, in tho shape ! of riots, trea
son, murder, infidelity, Mormonism, . Millerism,
,Spiritualism, Fourierism, and concentrated Foolism.
Supposo we vox the ear of our National legislature,
time after time, to abolish Northern institutions
which bring about these results. Suppose wo ask
Congress to pass a law doing away with that svs
teip of morals,«religion and education, whose aim
;secms,to oe to ind'wo men, as Sumner has done, to
swear to a lie, and then boast of it in tho broad
light, of day, and in tho face of high heaven. Sup
pose wo do all these things—don't yc i supposo wo
could pt.algng i b^ t ter than now. when we.,,confine
MUTILATED COPY
ourselves to defending- our institutions, instead of
attacking those of our enemies ?
§There is aldndtffUPaul Pryism, with the other
fa of the Abolitionists, which hits induced them
to trouble themsolves with our concerns, while the
refinement of Southern people has prevented them
front busying themselves about the titans of their
Northern neighbors. Gentlemen attend to their
own business, and let that, of other people alone.
But thi3 need not prevent gentlemen from kicking'
Paul Prys out o{ doors, and exposing them when
it becomes necessary to do so. Southern writers
ought, for a. while, at least, to drop the defensive,
and, apt upon the offensive..
The Corner Stone.
In this paper of Gth Inst., are some remarks about
“the best reasons it, [the Independent Press] is cap
able of understanding and appreciating,” which our
Columbus cbtemporary intends to be very severe.—
As to that matter, the Corner Stone knows, as eve
ry body else does, that the Independent Press is cap
able of understanding and appreciating any rea
sons which are reasons. Hence the shaft which
was winged for us, tho’ a polished one and propell
ed by a skillful hand, falls harmless at our feet, be
cause we are not vulnerable at tho point at which
it is aimed.
But nothing which can be said of us, good, bad
or indifferent, shall cause us to so far do wrong as
to prevent our making an explanation when we see
a person laboring under misapprehension. We
hold ourself bound, as a man, and as an editor, to
explain, or to apologize, when circumstances re
quire it. To explain is all that is necessary upon
this occasion.
The editor of the Corner Stone is assured that wo
do not “ think so poorly of his intellect as to come
to the conclusion that lie can never be right, even
by accident, or so meanly of his morals as to believe
that he is always wrong by design.” No such im
pression has been made upon our mind. On the
contrary we think well of his intellect, and believe
he is never wrong by design. If we were in search
of a strictly honest man, we should stop when we
met General Bethune, judging from what we know
of him in the conduct of his newspaper, and from
common report.
The argument which we used was based upon
the fact that we supposed the Corner Stone to be an
“ avowed disunion paper," and not upon a want of
morals or intellect in its editor. Wo always sepa
rate the editor from the newspaper, and speak of
the latter impersonally, in any comments we make.
And in this particular instance, we were actually
upon the point of expressing our appreciation of the
amiability and intelligence of General Bethune.
while wo diilered with his paper in opinion, but
deemed it a work of supererogation.
Some years ago, when a boy, with our father in
Milledgeville, he introduced us to General Bethune
—a circumstance which the General, of course, has
forgotten. But boy as wo then were, we were
favorably impressed with tho quiet and honest
face of our friend—if he will allow us to call him so
—and we have never had the impression then made
effaced from our memory And occasionally when
we have since seen him in the crowd, at public
places in Georgia, our mind has recurred to the
time when we first looked upon his face, and we
have felt a kind of attachment for it, from the sim
ple fact that our father first caused us to loolc upon
it, though its owner, we are aware, knows nothing
about our features, having never been thrown into
his company since we were grown. It is not nat
ural to suppose, then, that wo would intentionally
say anything disrespectful of Gen. Bethune.
We do not ask Gen. Bethune to take back what
lie has said, but we would lie glad to know if he
receives our explanation. We have not in our short
editorial career made a personal attack upon any one,
and do not design doing so.
Expulsion of Mr. Sumner.
Under the sth section of the Ist article of the
Constitution of the United States, “Each House
[of Congress] may determine the rules of its pro
ceeding’s, and punish its members for disorderly
behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds,
expel a member,”
If the Senate does not, under the perogative
with which it is invested above, expel Charles Sum
ner from its ranks, its own skirts cannot be clear of
Sumner’s damning sin. If perjury of the deepest
dye, unblushingly and boldly avowed in the face of
the world—if a crime which, committed by an hum
ble citizen, would send him to the penitentiary,
does not unfit a man for being Senator of the U. S. ;
G od knows our government had as well be, at once,
sunk into the depths of hell!
Southern Ladies’ Book
A few weeks ago we made enquiry after Mr. J.
,I. Jones, formerly publisher of tho Southern Ladies’
Book. - Since then we have received a letter from
the above gentleman giving us pie information we
sought. We have no doubt that- Mr. Jones, who
is now in Baton Rouge, La,, will take pleasure in
satisfying any one who has business with him.—
We deem it due to him, after having made a public
enquiry after him, to say what wo have said here.
We have found him a gentleman.
Sumner and the Darkey.
Darlcey. —Good mornin’ masse? Sumner. In
great ’stress dis mornin’. You see my ole masser
from Georgy come alter me here. He say ho tater
patcli in do grass, and he cum arter me to dig it
out. Wants you to help me, sail, if you ken.
Sumner —Poor oppressed, hound-driven son of
toil. Tell me Afric’s sable child what can Ido for
thee? My bowels yearn with compassion for thee.
Darkey. —Berry sorry to hear dat your bowels
hurt you, masser Sumner—berry sorry: Maybe
you’s gwino to hab do cromly moblurus and den
what wo poor darkies do for somebody to swear
for us?
Sumner. —But tell mo what you want.
Darkey. —l wants you to go to do cote-house
and swear by golly dat I aint do nigger dey took
mo to was. 1 understand masser Sumner, you
swear strong, and cheap. What will you take to
swear me out o’ dis scrape ?—( Cdetain falls.)
FOR TIIK INDEPENDENT PRESS.
Mr. A. Lowei.l, Colporteur,having closed his labors
in tho county of Putnam, left with me the follow-*
ing statement, desiring that it should bo made
public: YU ,
Number of Families visited' SSO.
“ “ “ destitute, 44.
“ “ Family Bibles sold, I ft.
“ “ Pollyglott Bibles sold, 3.
“ gin all plain Bibles sold, SI.
“ “ Testament, and Psalms, sold, 3(J.
“ “ Small Testaments sold, 61.
“ “ 11 Bibles, donated, 36.
“ “ “ Testaments “ 81.
, Ho: acknowledges tho kindness of the citi
zens of tho county, and thanks thorn through the
medium of the Independent Press. J
Respect folly, W. R. CARTER.
“ Monroe’s Southern Banker
And Commercial Reporter” is the title of a
journal wo have received from Charleston and
which Should be in the couhting-room of every
banker and commercial man,’ South. $2.00 per
annum in advance. ,
%, A' .
Magazines for July,
The Southern Cultivator;
'rbe Southern School Journal: '
Tho Soil of thes South:
The .Georgia University Magazine : ' -
eeived, with theirtiisually interesting tables of con- j
tents
Several notices of books* and newspapers crowd
ed out of this number which will be noticed in our
next, • ” v’ ufp " |
LOCAL ITEMS.
advertisements. ,
Wk have seen two monster tomatfcocs raised by
Mrs. G. R. Thomas of this place—one weighing
1-2 lb. and the other 3-4 lbs.
A sad tragedy was enacted on our streets on last
Wednesday night. Our usually peaceful and quiet
village was shocked on Thursday morning by the
discovery of a body hanging from a rope upon tho
public square. Upon examination it was found
that life was entirely extinct. What to say upon
an occasion the result of which is so .shocking to
every feeling of humanity, and all fidelity to law
and order, we know not. Tho perpetrators of tho
font act have not yet been discovered. The only
pica we can offer as an extenuation of the guilt of
which our whole community must partake, is that
tho corpse found suspended was that of a dog.
Wc call this a very dogmatical way of doing busi
ness, and consider it a fine specimen of Lynch law,
inasmuch as it was near tho store of Mr. Lynch.
Compared with what the weather was two
weeks ago, the temperature of the atmosphere this
week has been delightful. The nights have been
cool enough to sleep comfortably, and we have en
joyed fine breezes. Parts of the county are suffer
ing for rain, however, by which crops would be
benefitted, though now doing pretty well.
We regret to learn that a negro boy by the name
of Scott, belonging to Mrs. Martha Johnson in this
county, killed another one named Dick belonging
to the same lady, on Tuesday last. Scott’s wife
and Dick were lighting, when Scott knocked Dick
in the head with his hoe, which instantly kill
ed him. Scott immediately ran away, and has
not yet been apprehended.
WEEKLY SUMMARY.
FOREIGN.
Columbia, July 10.
The Baltic made the passage from
Liverpool to New York in nine days
and thirteen hours !
Consols closed on the day of the
sailing of the steamer at 93 7-8 to 94.
It is stated that the Russians have
lost, since entering the principalities,
50,000 men. Gen Schilders is dead.
The London papers state that the
Austrian forces will immediately, en
ter the province of Wallachia.
The latest London papers state that
the entry of the Austrians into the Prin
cipalities, has been decided on, and
Count Caronini, with the first division,
to be followed closely by the second,
is ready to descend the Danube to
Gulgero, whence lie will march, to
Bucharest.
M. Deßruck is to communicate with
the Porte, as to the steps necessary
to be taken with a view to the occu
pation of the Principalities by Austria.
To avoid danger of collison, the
Russians will retire before the advance
of the Austrians.
The overland mail from China and
India has arrived. The Russian squad
ron is supposed to have taken refuge
on the coast of Kamschatka.
Unfavorable advices from the inte
rior of China, continue to reach Canton,
seriously affecting the import trade.
The provinces arc overrun by ban
ditti, and it is believed that tea pick
ing will be affected, arid-the supplies
short.
There were reports that Nicholas is
more disposed towards peace, whilst
other statements have put it that he
is more determined than ever, and is
about to raise an army of one million
of troops, for the purpose of moving
effectively against the Allies. It
is evident, however, that he is dis
appointed in the course pursued by |
Austria.
France and England were quiet.
Sweden and Denmark were decided
ly opposed to Russia.
The weather throughout England
and France was favorable, and the
crops promised to be abundant.
TIIE VERY LATEST.
Liverpool, Wednesday noon.-—The
Russians had removed all their heavy
artillery from the Danube. The broth
ers Division and Gardner Cole, bank
ers of London, have failed for a large
amount. The latter was heavily en
gaged in the East India trade.
At noon, Wednesday, in Liverpool
cotton had advanced 1-16d. Sales up
to that hour, 8,000 bales.
Manchester trade active.
The private accounts are more favor
able to cotton.
The Baltic's mails examined in de
tail, contain little worth publishing, in
addition to our full telegraphic dis
patches. In a few words it mav be
summed up thus: The Siege of Silis
tria is raised ; • the RisSian army'YUtlie
Danube, defeated, retreats beyond the j
Prutli ; Austria with consent of the
Allies enters the evacuated Principali
ties ; the mouths of the Danube .are
blockaded; the Black Sea fleets are
before C roust ad t; Russia is everywhere
defeated on the Circassian fronteir.
[’hoar. <f- (Mu.
FROM WAS DING TON.
JapaN%teamkr Bill.—This Bill,
which has passed the Senate, directs
the lost Master General to contract,
for five years, with the lowest bidder
on fair competition, with security, for
the carriage of monthly mails between
San Francisco, in California, end Shari
ga, in China;% the way of tho ; Sand
wich Islands and Japan, in steam ves
sels of at least 2000 tons burthen, con
structed in the best manner with W
gard to speed ami safety, at a cost of
not more than $500,000 "pCY annum,
and directs also that any deficiency in
the accruing post a yes to demy the expense
of the transaction, shal l be paid Yy the
Treasury of the United States.
In the U. s. House of Represent!
forcr.ee to the erection, of a gustou,
house at San Francisco ; which was re
ferred to the Committee of Ways and
Means. Private Senate bills were ta
ken up, referred, and;- two of theta
read three times and passed. The i
House went into committee on the pri
vate calendar. ColtYpatent-exteiisioif
bill was debated at length, but the’
committee rose without reporting the’
bill,. On motion of Mr. Letcher, it,
was ordered that a committee of seven
members be appointed to inquire wheth
er corrupt practices had been resorted
t o to secure the passage or defeat of any
bills in Congress: The House then j
adjourned.
DOMESTIC.
Montgomery, Ala., July 10.
The Supreme Court lias just affirm
ed the decree of the Chancery Court
of Mobile, in the case of .St. John,
Powers & Cos., against the Bank of
St. Mary’s, John G. Winter, et ciUy
and in affirming it, decided that John
G. & Joseph Winter are liable individ
ually for the full amount of the notes
of the Bank which they issued and put
in circulation in Alabama; that the
firm of James S. Winter & Cod is equ
ally liable ; and that the extension by
the Bank, on the eve of its insolvency,
of tho indebtedness of James S. Win
ter to it was a fraud on its creditors.
The decree of tho Chancellor in Mo
bile established the claim of' St. ‘'John
Powers & Cos., against the Winters and
the Bank of St. Mary’s for $20,000,
the amount of a draft drawn by the
Bank in favor of St. John, Powers k
Cos., and ordered that John G. Win
ter, Janies S. Winter, & Cos., and the
Bank should pay the same,
THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE
ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA
Contemplated attach on Cronstadt—also
of Sebastopol.
New York, July 12.
The British Mail Steamship Asia has
arrived at this port with three days lat
er intelligence than the Baltic. She
sailed from Liverpool on the Ist Inst.
OPERATIONS IN TIIE BALTIC.
Advices from the Baltic fleet are to
| the 27th of, June.. The British Ad
miral Napier was anchored off Cron--
stadt, where he was concentrating the
combined forces of the Allied fleets,
preparatory to an attack upon the Rus
sian fortress. The English journals
arc in daily expectation of great news,
from the Baltic.
FROM THE EAST.
The news from the Danube and the’
Black sea is of the most exciting char
acter. A great attack upon the Cri
mea and the Russian strongholds there,
was in preparation', by the combined
Turkish, English, and French forces.
The Turkish army of the Danube is al
ready on the march thither. The Eng
lish and French were at Varna, and
actively engaged in preparations to fol
low. They are led by -the French
Marshal, St. Arnaud,
The Allied troops will co-operate
and a decisive blow may soon be ex
pected upon Sebastopol, and all the
Russian fortresses in the Black Sea.
From the Principalities.—! The Rus
sians were retiring beyond the Pruth,
completely evacuating Moldavia and
AV allay Ilia. Austria will occupy the
Principalities with an army of 200,000
men, with the design of preventing
further hostilities. The official reply
of Russia to the Austrian note has
not yet been made public.
Liverpool Colton M(iLets. —Adviees
from the Liverpool market are,to the.
I Is 4 insfc, Cotton was in fair demand.
{ Prices stiller, though not quotable
higher. Lower qualities showed a
slight advance. w'
FURTHER BY THE ASIA.
Another great Battle—Russians defeated.
Oil the 23d June, the vanguard of
the Turkish Army.of the Danube, 28,-
000 strong, attacked the Russian van
guard in the Dobrudseha and drove it
| beyond Trajan’s Wall.
Condition of the Army and
Navy: —ln the House of Representa
tives on Thursdav, Mr. Faulkner, a
member of the Military Committee,
brought to the attention of the House
the necessity of immediate action upon
two important bills which he said he
was ready to report. Referring to the
present inefficiency Af the Army, lie
represented it to l) mcapablqjpfprotect
ing the frontier settlements. Its ranks
have been so thinned by desertion and
the expiration of enlistments that there
is now an absolute necessity for nearly
five thousand men, who cannot be ob
tained at the present low. rate of pay
(only $7 per month, we believe) whilst
manv other employments are,so much
more prod table, The bills rp,{erred to
offer additional inducements t.o the
soldiers, propose further regulations
concerning the pay of the officers, and
provide for retiring from the service
of such officers as have become unfit
for Yin tv. Tlic; House seemed to be
impressed with the importance of those
suggestions, but no day was fixed for
the consideration of the subject,
The importance of early 1 action upon
ulilS COIlvUl mu •JAaVy \\<i>
tVu\ a ( auauitt .