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June 23, 1909.
impact cleared away,
Turkish principalities wei
area of the shattered err
was the one which Osm:
was his personality and s
he succeeded in establishi
under his successors, the
ject to the Ottomans and
pie whose glory so far ou
Osman was a strong rr
year 1301 he caused public
a reigning monarch, and fc
his full sovereignty. For
was peace throughout his
vigorously to internal adn
wisdom and winning the
jects. He made no attem
Turkish principalities. H
tine armies, however, he
career of conquest, which
tories east and west. The
the capture of the fortifu
key to Bithynia, and inde
was only a short distance
capital of the Byzantine, c
cities were alike rema
splendor.
The Entrj
The Turk was now danj
cast covetous eyes across
the clays of Orkhan, son
curred the event so fraug
relation to the history of <
On a certain night in
Solyman, Orkhan's son, w
rades, made the passage oi
captured the town of Galli
shaken down the walls so
The Turks, always firm b
Divine Destiny, ascribed
intervention of a Turk-lc
earthquake introduced th
Turk in his turn has beer
rope ever since.
Other troops were ferri
towns were taken. In the
ceeded Orkhan, his father,
tine empire fell into the 1
the city of Constantinople.
Fate was preparing anot
nearly engulfed the who
supremacy. Tamerlane, tb
and his savaere and invir
swept down through Asia
lerce. They devastated p;
Asia, Persia and India. T
slew. They left only ruin
train. On the plain of Ai
had its beginning, the Ott<
nations and was overwheli
a cage and placed on exhil
died in captivity. Anarcl
in r
iuinor.
?
' ? ?_. & . 1 . .<
THE PRESBYTERIA
ten separate and independent
re to be found, occupying the
ipire. The smallest of these
in governed, but so vigorous
o conspicuous his ability that
ng a powerful state. In time,
other nine tribes became subassumed
the name of the peotshone
their own.
lan in days of peace. In the
: prayer to be made for him as
>y his act established formally
several years following, there
dominions. He gave himself
linistrafion, evincing superior
entire confidence of his subpt
to subdue the neighboring
arried and worried by Byzanentered
after a time upon a
was crowned with many vic:
most important of these was
id city of Brusa, the natural
ed to all Asia Minor. Brusa
it. r ? *
suuin 01 Constantinople, the
ir Greek, empire, and the two
rkable for their wealth and
' into Europe.
^erously near to Europe. He
the intervening waters. In
and successor of Osman, oc;ht
with deep significance, in
succeeding centuries,
the year 1354 young Prince
ith a few trusted soldier-coml
the Hellespont on a raft and
poli. An earthquake had just
that entrance was made easy.
>elievers in the leadings of a
the earthquake to a special
Dving Providence. Thus an
e Turk to Europe, and the
1 causing earthquakes in Eued
across the stream. Other
: reign of. Murad I, who sucnrartirallv
tin- onMro T~?..
I * j mv viiiuw.
lands of the Ottomans, save
her earthquake, which pretty
le paraphernalia of Turkish
le far-famed Tartar chieftain,
icible hosts from the North
Minor like a devouring pestiarts
of Russia, all of Central
hey pillaged and burned and
and blood and terror in their
ngora, where his empire had
iman met this scourge of the
med. The sultan was put in .
>ition among his enemies. He
iy ran riot throughout Asia
lN of the south.
Many of the Ottoman sulta
tional force and courage. Nc
storm passed, no sooner had Ta
Tartars gone the way they canv
himself to the stupendous task
the genius of this monarch ;
prostrate and dismembered em|
In a short half century all tha
gained. Peoples and province
*453? just ninety-nine years aft
Turk into Europe, Constantino]
of his soldiery, and with it peri:
Byzantine control. This was a
the Turk a strangle hold on sc
this grip he never released.
Here ends the history of tl
begins the Renaissance. The
swarmed in Constantinople anc
now scattered everywhere, an<
ried with them Greek and Lati
seizure of the city on the Bosp
hands was the frantic shaking
edge and enlightenment, and \
Europe.
T - H ?* * ^
in ail directions Uttoman i
Armenia, Greece, Syria, Arabii
were conquered. Mecca and 1
cities of the Moslem faith, bee
sions of the Turk, and the standi
passed from the Kaliph of Bagd
toman sultan.
In 1519, Solyman the Magnific
sultans, ascended the throne. I.
armies of the empire threatem
navies swept the Mediterraneai
of its glory. Five decisive defea
tempt to capture Vienna and t
of the siege of Malta, checked 1
ambitions, and saved Europe to
tianity. The achievements of
people "the Lawgiver," were n
ling. Vast territories became i
Europe, Asia and Africa.
It' is impossible to follow fi
checkered history of the Turk
hundred years. The early day
splendor and savage heroism we
can never return. Genghis Kah
Solymans belong to an age tha
aegis of a Christian civilization
Europe have regarded the Turl
cion. His language is blood; I
creed, craft and terrorism. But
power, and now his later victori
than as a warrior. He has pis
the annais of the nineteenth c?
speak at some future time.?The
i tan.
We should work as though
own efforts; and we should pray
upon our prayers.
9
ns were men of excep>
sooner had the fierce
merlane and his Mongol
e, than Mohammed I set
of reconstruction. By
ind his successors, the
pire rose from its ruins.
t had been lost was res
were recaptured. In
er the first entry of the
pie fell before the might
shed the last remnant of
master stroke. It gave
mtheastern Europe, and
le Middle Ages. Here
Greek scholars, who
1 Eastern Europe, were
1 everywhere they carn
learning. The rough
orus by savage Turkish
of the torch of knowl:he
sparks fell all over
irms were triumphant,
a, Egypt and Hungary
Medina, the two sacred
ame the prized possesird
of the Great Prophet
ad to the victorious Otent,
greatest of all great
Jnder his leadership the
id Central Europe; its
1. This was the zenith
its, the failure of the athe
forced abandonment
the progress of Turkish
? civilization and ChrisSolyman,
called by his
levertheless most startsubject
to his sway, in
irtber at this time the
during the next three
s, the days of barbaric
re the great days. They
ns and Tamerlanes and
t has gone. Under the
the nations of Western
c with unceasing suspilis
religion, hatred ; his
the Turk has kept his
es as a diplomat rather
lyed a singular part in
mtury. Of this I will
. r-...,,u,>_i?. r>
V inn I I iciuu I rCMJVieall
depended upon our
as though all depended