Newspaper Page Text
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.
Leads a Storming Party and Captures
Toulon.
Raised to General of Brigade—Chief of Artilleryy in the Army of
Italy—Sent to Negotiate With the Genoese-Falls Under
Suspicion and Is Again Arrested—Aga n
Deposed From Rank.
Copyright, 1895. by John Clark Ridpath.
VIII.—EMERGENCE.
For Napoleon, Toulon was the open
gate to grfatness. His "destiny”, for which
he sought so diligently, came to him un
awares among the guns of his .battery
there. Those guns were trained first on
Fort L'Eguiliette, and then on the British
ships cf Admiral Hood. Our ships, in
cluding the good ship Orient, in which,
after four years and seven months, we
shall embark for Egypt, are pent up in
a nook of the harbor. Over the town,
through October and November, floats the
banner of St. George. The Elly flag of the
Bourbons has given place not to the new
Tricolor of the revolution, but to the for
eign ensign of a hated foe; under that
are rallied the royalists of Toulon. It is to
be noted that the first and the last of
Napoleon’s guns are directed against the
flag of England. From Toulon to Water
loo! There lies the space of twenty-one
years and six months—filled with the
wreck and transformation of the world.
Hero, on the beautiful Mediterranean
shore, the great act begins. A division of
the French national army has been sent
to retake the traitorous town. The com
manders are Gen. Doppet, who from be
ing a doctor has taken to this fighting
form of patriotism, and Gen. Dugom
mler, an officer who, fourteen years ago.
was with Lafayette in our American army
of Independence. Others of military ex
perience bold subordinate commands: and
here also are several representatives from
the national convention.
The tatter, under qrders of that body,
are darting hither and yon like arrows, to
sting whoever shall be unfaithful to the
revolution. Some fly to the field of Val
my, where, in the wood of Argonne, they
dart about with eyes sharper than swords.
Others are on track of Dumouriez, to
word Belgium and the Netherlands,
where he struggles to drive back the Ger
mans and does it. Othfers are with Gus
tine’s army, and still others here at Toti
lon, watching everything, and making fa
tal report of any blunder. Hither have
come Barras himself, and Freren, and Sa
licettl, the Corsican representative In the
assembly, and In particular Augustin
Robespierre, called the Younger, destined
In the day of doom to leap Ingloriously
from the window of the convention hail
Into a horrid cesspool in the alley!
Among these moves the taciturn Capt.
Bonaparte. On Oct. 19 he is promoted to
be major and chef-de-battalion. He is
placed at the head of the artillery—his
own place, as events will show. Tradition
has it that he eats little, deeps among
his gun carriages; laughs not at all (ex
cept once, when a young man by his side
dodging from a shell is cut in two by it!);
is sun-tanned to & bronze. He with the
rest sees that Toulon is not taken; but
unlike the rest he studies the map, and
going from place to place, uses his spy
"■ glass. He looks many times at Fort
L'EguUlette, where the British flag Is fly
ing. Toulon is Indeed strong. Admiral
Hood says that ho will beat back this
French army and make the place still
stronger. He will make It a. second Gibral
tar—ls the unforseen do not prevent him.
But the unforeseen prevents. For more
’' ■ '
'• a
•'J ¥••••
NAPOLEON BY DgLABOCHE. .
(Engraved by Audoln after a design by Boull
lon.]
than two month.'' the selge pounds itself
•way in vain. Then there Ls a council of
War. The older officers, thoroughly Im
bued with military “science, ’’ suggest this
method and that method of taking the
town. The national representatives look
on. Toulon must be taken; and the con
vention has aent an Impossible plan of
doing It. It comes Napoleon’s time to
•peak. “Yonder," says he “1» Fort
L’Eguiliette. Take that; H is the key to
all. Here Into that ravine la a line of
approach—to a certain point. Let us send
thkher a storming column under protec
tion erf my guns. I will pound the fort
with shells until the point Is reached.
Then there shall be a pause. Out of the
hollow shall spring my column. One
bound, like the leap of a cat-o’-mountain,
end the fort is ours. We wIU turn the
guns on the town and on Hood’s ships.
Everything shall be Inside out in an
hour.”
Here, then. Is audacity. Dugommicr
and Doppet and the rest purse up their
mouths and look wise: Tills Is danger
ous; but Maj. Bonaparte may try it! So
on Dev. 19, 1793. he tried it; and the thing
was done. Fort L’l-2gu!llet>te was bom
barded. and carried by storm. The roy
aJlsta fled to the British ships and Hood
took wing by sea. Toulon was not male
Into "another English Gibraltar ” The
revolution has Toulon and will keep It
forever. The national representatives
see who It la that has done this. Only
threw liays afterwards Naixfleon ts nomi
nated general of brigade He is now 54
years 4 months odd. His appointment is
approved-after a little delay; and on
Fed*. 18» 1791. he receives his commission.
HlOUtar Scenes were witnessed In many
places. MarwiUea had a like Insurrection
and overthrow Lyons was held by the
I'oyaHsls until, under the assaults of the
revolutionary sauces. the powder-maga
glneft— four of them together—were set on
fire, and hurled skyward with a hundred
and aeventeeh houses, all settling back in
hideous rum And combustion. The hos
pital wi» demollehi'd by the Infuriate!
assanants, and the town virtually des
troyed. Ments was token in Ilka manner.
So also M< JMpei.er and Bi*urde»ux ta |
Nantes an I Caen Everywhere royallam
w*aa stamped Into the earth—exterminated.
Throughout the valley qf the Rhone, along
I the eastern frontier, and In the coast-
I towns of the Mediterranean noise of fu
rious bombardment was heard, and col-
Wnns of significant smoke were seen ris
ing here and there. The revolution was
triumphant; and thousands of stone-ma
sons were set to work demolishing the
walls of rebellious cities. Not an inch of
French soil in all those borders remained
to the adherents of the ancient order and
their foreign allies.
After Toulon, the name of Bonaparte
was heard in Paris. The younger Robes
pierre informed the convention that ho
was “of transcendent merit.” The report
of Dugommier said, “Among those who
distinguished themselves most and who
most aided me to rally the troops and push
them forward are citizens Buona Parte
(<}o you not know how to spell him yet,
general?) commanding the artillery; also
Arena and Cfervoni, adjutants-general.’
The success of the chef-de-Bataillon in
the siege and capture, and the favorable
reports of It produced a sensation In the
national convention; but the impression
on that body and on the public was as yet
only transient. At this epoch, when all
quarters of France were shaken with
commotions and local revolutions, the bril
liant capture of a single fort and town on
the Mediterranean was not enough to cre
ate a permanent military fame. The con
vention contented itself with making Gen.
Bonaparte "inspector” of the coast-coun
try, between, the Rhone and the Var. His
duty was to maintain order in that re
gion, and to complete the revolution. The
appointment was made on the 26th of De
cember, only a few days after the fall of
Toulon. The duty imposed made it nec
essary for him to traverse the district ex
tending from Marseilles to Cannes—a mar
itime. region which had been mortally In
fected with royalism.
By the close of the year, however, the
old spirit was virtually extinguished in
Southeastern France; and Napoleon found
little to satisfy his restless spirit. His
tours of inspection and duties connected
therewith occupied his time until Febru
ary of 1794, when he was recalled to Paris.
That city was now a seething cauldron.
The Reign of Terror was at its acme.
That period, unparalleled in human an
nals, extended from March of 1793, when
Robespierre and his colleagues were sent
to the guillotine. Strange that in the
midst of all the horror rising on horrors
accumulated in the French capital there
was still an outstretched arm of strength
bearing a of sharpness for foreign
nations! The military organization was
completed as follows:
The army of the north was created and
put under the command of Gens. Jourdan,
Leclerc, Vandamme, Brune and Mortier.
The army at the Rhine was commanded
by Gens. Pichegru, Scherer and Berthier.
The army of the west was organized
with Marceau and Eleber as commanders.
The army of Italy was commanded by
Duerblon and Massena; and to this Gen.
Bonaparte was assigned as chief of the
artillery and assistant in the preparation
of plans for the campaign. He was thus
occupied in Paris at the time when it be
came the saying, La guillotine va tonjours
—the guillotine goes always.
It was t'he duty of the army of Italy to
occupy the country as a vantage ground
against the coalitions that were forming
beyond the Rhine. The Italian tow’ns and
states were wavering according to race
prejudice and interest between affilia
tion with the French republic and the
"protection” of Germany. By the sick
ness of Dumerbion, Gen. Massena came
to the chief command of this division of
the French national forces. A cam
paign was undertaken In July of 1794, but
the general of artillery did not, for the
present, leave Paris. He was soon de
spatched, however, as an agent under or
ders of the convention, to Genoa. He
was to protest to the Genose authorities
against the permission which seemed to
be extended to the coalition to occupy the
neutral territory. It was a delicate bus
iness; for the other officers did not un
derstand the true nature of the Instruc
tions; and the delegates Salicettl and Al
bitte were themselves ignorant of what
was really Intended.
The result was that Bonaparte was first
misunderstood and then distrusted in his
'negotiations with the Genose govern
ment. He was openly directed to protest
against of the territory of
Genoa by the enemies of France; but se
cretly he was authorized to examine the
fortresses of the city and make notes on
the general topography of that region.
While engaged in this work, he was sud
denly suspended from office, put under
arrest, and declared to be suspected!
r or the nonce, the sword of Damocles was
hung above him by a single thread.
Just at this juncture, however, ere Na
poleon could be hauled before the revolu
tionary tribunal, that body itself was
blown into death-blackness by a. counter
revolution. Robespierre and his bloody
clique were seized, after a day or two of
hurried broil in the city, and were sent
maimed, dazed, jaw-broken, bone-broken
headlong to the guillotine. In that case,
the other saying of the hour, namely,
“The guillotine goes not badly,” was gra
ciously verified!
The destruction of the tribunal had a
paradoxical effect on the interest of Na
poleon. It was from that body that his
secret instructions had emanated. There
fore his friends were dead; also, his wit
nesses. But their plunge into oblivion left
behind a lurid trail that scorched him. It
was now said that Augustin Robespierre
had been too much the friend of Oen
Bonaparte! Like Ceasar in the matter of
his intrigue with Catiline, the hero of
Toulon was seriously compromised with
the members of the Terror. Left to his
own resources, however, he wrote f ; . pow
erful and audacious protest to the Repre
sentatives Albitte and Salicetti; convinced
them of his innocence, won them over to
his cause; obtained from them a report of
exculpation; and after thirteen days of
mortal peril was set at liberty! On his re
turn to Paris, in August of V 794, his
defense was accepted by the ministry of
war, and he was offered the command of
a brigade of infantry in the arriy of the
west, with orders to operate uj/ainst the
royalists at La Vendee. He ,-efused to
accept either the field of operations or the
infantry arm of service; and for this the
committee of public safety—’ntolerant of
all refusals—struck hts name from the
list ot general officers, and he was once
more turned adrift in Faria,
John Chu-k Ridpath.
Romance of a l)nb';ln Bank.
Recently in one of the banks in Dub
lin. where quantities of plate have been
stored tor years, a bo?; in the cellar
actually fell to pieces from age. say s the
Liverpool Courier. It contained a mas
nificent and very valuable toilette service
of so'id gold. No clu». to the owner’s
Identity could be found anywhere, either
on th» box or on any of the pieces of
plate which were simply engraved with
a c;pn< r and ncorone.. However, amonc
the numerous other -..hings found -n th»
MX was a gold cask at, and in this waa
j di scow red a packet *«f love letters of the
> time of Charles 11. From these resulted
•by d scovery of the heirs cf the original
det.vsitor who were <n very poor c:r<-un»-
| Eiiinces. Ihe sale xt the plate brought in
I a sun: which was moat welcome to* the
I poverty-stricken «i.eacenlants of a once
’great family.
THE WEEKLY NEWS (TWO-TIMES-A-WEEK): THURSDAY. APRIL 11, 1895.
AMOS CUMMINGS’ YARNS.
A Story of a One-Legged Crow and
Another About Horace Greely.
From the Washington Post.
“It’s a fact,” declared Amos Cummings
to a select coterie,- who hung on hie ut
terance like a honeysuckle to a front
• porch. “It’s a truth; those crows came
roots on Murrey and me. Down along our
southeast coast, you know what my-
»riads of crows there are?”
“I should say I did,” said Col. Sterett
confidently. “I fished down that way once.
I saw more crazy things done than I ever
saw from the press gallery. Did I ever
tell you of the pigs at Roanoke Sound
that swan out to our boat and ate the
fish off the string as they trailed in the
water?”
"No,” retorted Cummings, “you never
did; but let me continue about the crows.
It was in Florida. Tom Murrey and I
had made a camp a little back from the
shore —abject, flah. Among other things
we used to immolate a turtle every morn
ing .The sea turtle does not lay Its eggs
under what you might call the Australian
system. Whole herds come out of the
sea together, and the way they mix up
their eggs must make a tangle when one
of them tries to call its family together.
You know Murrey? Great cook, and all
that! Well, Murrey claimed to know all
of these turtles by their given names, and
used to stroll about among ’em and look
in their faces and pick out one to kill.
Murrey claims that you should pick out
a turtle for food by his head.
“If he has a broad, flat head, wide at
the jaws like an adder,’ says Murrey,
’don’t touch him. He is a turtle with a
savage temper. He fights other turtles
and gets Into fits of rage, and spoils his
flesh. Pick out a turtle with a round, kind
ly face; one that you would not hesitate to
accept for guide, philosopher, and friend;
that’s the turtle to eat.’
*\But about the crows. They used to
flock about camp by the thousands to
peck at the shells of the turtles that Mur
rey had slain and to grab off biscuit
crumbs and scraps. One of these I no
ticed was a one-legged crow; Somewhere
in the game of life he’d gone shy one of
his pins, and was pegging around making
a living on the other. I felt sorry for
him. My fad is cripples, and so I ran
a dead-line around the camp, and wouldn’t
let the other crows come inside. We just
gave Santa Anna the run of the camp—
that’s what we called the one-legged
crow, Santa Anna—and he was welcome
to the biscuit, the baking powder, and
anything we had. Santa Anna became
quite tame, and would let us pick him up
at times. As he ransacked the camp and
filled up on the delicacies the other crows
perched about on the scubby trees, glow
ered at Santa Anna, and loathed him, and
wondered where he got his push.
“But one day, we missed Santa Anna.
He came not. The next day and the next
were vacant of Santa Anna. Murrey and
I felt lonely. The other crows stood about
in the trees and gloated over us. By the
lock of green and satanic exultation in
their eyes we could see that they had
murdered Santa Anna.
“On the third day after our pet’s dis
appearance, however, we were delighted
by his sudden coming back. There he
was, pegging about on one leg and stand
ing in on the sugar, and the dried cur
rants as of yore. Tom and I were tickled
to death. It was as if a stone had been
rolled hearts. What grew to
be wonderful, too, was the appetite Santa
Anna had brought with him. He ate
from morning till night. He was at it,
all the time. Murrey Is superstitious, and
I knew that a crow that ate through
twelve straight hours and never let up
was due to break up our camp.
“I concluded to catch Santa Anna and
see if I could solve the mystery of all this
grub he’d been stowing away, I’d got to
be careful, for another peculiarity which
Santa Anna had developed during his
three days’ vacation was a profound shy
ness. It pained Murrey to the heart, after
all we had done far him. I approached
Santa Anna with great caution and sud
denly reached for him. I missed him, but
in his hurry dodging away Santa Anna
stuck out a second leg which he’d carried
hid aw,ay in his bosom feathers. At this
the other crows, which were sitting in
the trees watching, screamed rudely and
flew away. The secret was out. They had
killed the real Santa Anna, and now, one
by one, they would hide a leg in their
feathers, and hop Into camp and work ma
and Tom.”
There was a profound pause. Then Col.
Sterett said wearily:
“You haven’t a couple of spare affidavits
which that yarn could use as crutches,
have you, Cummings?”
“While I have the floor,” said Cummings
“I might as well tell a story about Horace
Greeley, not that turtles or Tom Murrey
or Santa Anna reminds me of Greeley, not
at all. I worked with Greeiey for years.
He always called me ‘Asa;’ never could
remember ’Amos.’ One day I went out to
see Greeley at Chappaqua about some
newspaper business. The old gentleman
saw me coming as he stood looking out
of the window and opened the door him
self.
“ ‘Come in here, Asa,’ he said, in his
high, mealy tones, as he led me into a
fashion of parlor .
“I followed him into the room, and as
I was only going to remain a moment,
laid my hat. gloves and cane on a center
table. Greeley and I had just immersed
ourselves into a talk when Mrs. Greeley
swept into the room. Now Mrs; G. was
what one might call a spirited woman.
The moment she entered the door her
eyes fell indignantly on my trousseau as
I’d piled it up—hat, gloves and stick—on
the table. Without a word and before I
oouid speak to her, swooped on the
outfit like a fish hawk, and the next mo
ment threw them out of the window.
“Then she left the room without pausing
for speech, as one who had taught some
body that the hall was the place for hats
and canes and similar bric-a-brac. I was
’ inclined to get a trifle hot; a man natural- i
; ly might who sees his hat pounced upon I
, and cast into the shrubbery. But before
I could get or say a w'ord Greeley
stretched out his hand in a deprecatory
’ way, and cheered me with the remark;
“‘Never mind her, Asa; she thought
‘ , they were mine.’
‘ ■ "Afterward, however," concluded Cum-
• : mlngs. "when I recalled what Greeley’s 3
' hat used to look like I had my doubts.”
- Tattooing an a Substitute for Clothe*.
From the New York Times.
‘ Miss Marie Fraser, after a visit to Sa-
■ moa, has written a book on the islands. In
; which appears the following naive little
essay on the philosophy on clothes:
"Though the tattooing in Samoa may
• vary a little in design, the decoration is
■ always In the shape of knee breeches, ex
’ tending from the waist—where strings tied
■ in knc:s and other ornamental fastenings
are tattooed on the skin—so thorough j
is the artist In his work—to below the \
■ knee. The pattern is very elaborate, with !
stripes of natural skin intersecting. It is '
certainly a great improvement to their ap
pearance. for in wet or stormy weather
1 they economically leave their best lava
( lavas a: home, and wear only a banana
leaf or a girdle of leaves; and should an
> islander be caught in a heavy shower of
i rain while wearing only a garment of tap* ■
’ the tattooing stands him in good stead, j
for bark cloth does not survive wet, and ;
' rapidly dissolves into rags. No matter j
; how scantily they may be clad, the tai- '
i toolng makes them look thoroughly clothed i
» and trim in their appearance. After leav- i
I Ing the Navigators and visiting other is
l lands, where the art is only used In the
most Inartistic and disfiguring manner.
' we missed the clean-looking, tattooed na
. tlvea of Samoa ip their decorous knee
breeches.”
In Far Cathay.
W ffl- '■" ** pl: J' 'li■' I]• R
lu' I|l I
M Mi
MMir -
9
Fair flowers bloom in far Cathay,
And fountains tinkle all the day;
The Summer time is always June,
The spiced breeze; hums a faint low tune;
Day goes, the pale moon slowly dawns,
Its soft beams fall on dewey lawns
In silv’ry sheen, while love-lutes play—
In far Cathay, In far Cathay!
This land is far from fair Cathay,
Here birds sing not nor fountains play;
The hours creep by, and toil and strife
Still chain us to a sordid life.
But you fair maid whose heart is mine,
‘Make e’en these grim drear days divine;
And while I by your side may stay
PASTURE OF BULLS AND BEARS.
Something About the Very Early
History of Wall Street.
From the New York Times.
'The thousands of people who travel up
and down Wall street every day know lit
tle or nothing about the history of that
great financial center of the country. It
has an ancient as well as a modern history.
The street was once a part of what was
called the Sheep Pasture—a very appro
priate name, as a great many lambs have
been shorn there by the financial bulls and
bears. The extent of territory embraced
in the pasture was bounded as follows:
New street on the west; Beaver street,
from New to William, on the south; Wil
liam street, from Beaver to Wall, on the
east, and Wall street, from William to
New', on the north.
The old Damen farm took in a portion
of Wall street, and land adjoining the
farm was granted to Dominie Dolssius,
the pastor of the old Dutch church. Cor
nelius Groesens, in 1655, owned a consid
erable part df the street. About this time,
owing to the Dutch having had consid
erable trouble with their New England
neighbors, it was resolved to erect a line
of fortifications, and accordingly along
Wall street was built a city wall, and the
street became known as "the Cingel," or
the "ramparts.” In 1664, when the city
cajpe into the hands of the English, there
were, according to Valentine, the follow
ing Improvements on the street; Dirck, the
wool-spinner, a shanty; Jan Jansen Van
Langendyck, a tap room; Abram Ker
mer, a shanty; Jan Tunison, a tap room;
Jan Vldel, small building; Dirk Van Clyff,
a small building; Pieter Jansen, a shanty,
and Jacob Jansen Moesman, general store.
The reigning authorities in the city about
1635 decided to demolish the city wall,
and, deeming the width of the street too
large, some of the officers boldly appro
priated a part of the land to their cwn use.
Lots on the street were sold at $25 or
S3O each. The street came to be called
"the Wall street.
The first attempt to pave the street was
in 1693, when the operation was performed
ten feet In front of the houses. In 1699
It was proposed to build a city hall, and
the most eligible site that presented it
self was the head of Broad street, w-htch
had recently been improved by the build
ing of an inclosed sewer. The authori
ties decided to erect a building on this
site, and this decision had a great deal
to do with shaping the destiny of Wall
street. It made it the official center of
the city, as it has since been the financial
center. For about- one hundred years
the Wall street city hall was used for
purposes of local legislation.
In 1789 the building became the capitol
of the nation, and the congress of that
year met there. On a kind of balcony on
the second story, overlooking Broad
street. Chancellor Livingston administer
ed the inauguration oath to President
Washington. The ceremony must have
been an impressive one. The immense
throng of people below- and the brilliant
array of distinction and dress in the build
ing itself must have’contrasted well with
the simple service in which Washington
swore to preserve what he had rendered
preservable. Hamflton, Clinton, Morris.
Duane, Rutledge, and others were all
I there, and when the ceremony was over
I Washington held a reception. In 1816, the
site of the building was divided Into lots,
which were sold at about $8,003 each. The
corner lot was the site of the custom
house.
There was a slave market at one time
in Wall street. It was established in 1709,
l and subsequently became known as a
meat market, still retaining its slave trade
characteristics. About fifty years after
this the authorities were petitioned to re
move the market, for the reason that the
building “greatly obstructed the agreea
' ble prospect of the East river which
i those that live in Wall street would other
wise enjoy, and occasions a dirty street,
offensive to the inhabitants on each side
and disagreeable to those that pass to
and from the coffee house, a place of
great resort.” The building was removed.
Bayard’s eugar house, an establish
ment which occupied nearly the w-hole
front on the north side of Wall street,
between the present Nassau street and ’
i William street, was erected early in the
! eighteenth century. The buildings were
I all fenced in from the street, and the beau
ty of the thoroughfare was much marred.
About 1775 the sugar house was torn down, !
and fine residences were erected on the
site. While the upper part of Wail street
steadily grew to be a street of residences,
, the lowet portion, particularly below
Water street, became the financial and
: commercial center of the city. The Mer
chants’ Exchange, situated on the south
i east corner of Wall and Water street-,
i served as a coffee house as well as a
: political and business headquarters. The
I old Tontine Coffee House, about which so
i much could be written, was erected on
: the northwest corner of Wall and Water
! streets in 1792. It was built by merchants
as a place of resort apd cost $3,090. The
t£>ntlne principle of survivors formed
the basis for the undertaking. The shares
allotted to each subscriber were taken
Sweet songs arise as daylight fades,
Voiced soft and low by star-eyed maids;
While 'mid the strains will throb and thrill,
The nightingales loud, liquid trill.
Night lights her silver lamps above,
It is the time to dream and love:
To love and dream always, always,
In far Cathay, In far Cathay!
R\R#
ft HI ’ I Maß
FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USE.
CURES AND PREVENTS
Colds, Coughs, Sore Throat. Influenza,
Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Swelling of the
Joints, Lumbago, Inflammation,
Rheumatism, Neuralgia
FROSTBITES, CHILBLAINS, HEADACHE,
TOOTHACHE, ASTHMA,
PAINS one to
twenty minutes. NOT ONE HOUR after read
ing this advertisement need any one SUFFER
WITH PAIN.
Radway’s Ready Relief is a sure Cure for
Every Pain, Sprains, Bruises, Pains
in the Back, Chest or Limbs—lt
■was the First and is the
Only PAIN REMEDY
That instantly stops the most excruciating
pains, allays Inflammation, and cures Conges
tions. whether of the Lungs. Stomach. Bowels,
or other glands or organs, by one application.
A half to a teaspoonful in half a tumbler of
water will In a few minutes cure Cramps,
Spasms, Sour Stomach, Heartburn, Nervous
ness. Sleeplessness. Sick Headache. Diarrhea
Dysentery, Colic, Flatulency and all Internal
pains. i
There is not a remedial a?ent the world
t atw-11 cure Fever and Ague and all other
M ilai i jus, Bilious and other fevers, aided I y
liADVi'Ai'B PIi.Lo, so quickly as KAb-
WAY’S READY RELIEF.
Fitty cents per bottle, bold by Druggists.
RADWAY & CO., New York.
«
in the name of seme person whose age,
parentage and sex were entered on the
company’s books. These persons were en
titled to receive during their lifetime the
income of their stock. On the death of
one of the persons, his Interest became the
property of the remaining stockholders.
When the nominees were reduced to sev
en, the holders of shares became entitled
to equal portions of the business.
The Pitt statue, which, on the- 7th of
September, 1770, was erected at the junc
tion of VI all and William streets, was
of white marble, the Earl of Chatham be
ing represented in a Roman habit,holding
in his right hand a scroll, upon which
was written: "Articuli Magnad Chartae
liberatum.” He was represented as if
•delivering an otration. The inscription
was on the south side of the pedestal,
and was as follows: "This statue of the
Right Honorable William Pitt, Earl of
Chatham, was erected as a public testi
mony of the grateful sense of the colony
of New York retains of the many eminent
services he rendered America, particular
ly in promoting the repeal of the stamp
act. A.D. MDCCLXX.”
It was not until after the war of the
revolution that Wall street began to be
considered as the financial center of the
city. The first bank established in New
i ork was on the corner of Wall and Wil
liam streets. It was called the Bank of
New York, and went into business in 1791.
Two years later the Manhattan Company
was formed, its headquarters being at 23
Wall street. In 1805 the Merchants’ Bank
was Incorporated, situated at 25 Wall
street. The United States Bank, at 38, be
gan business at the same time, and in 18W
the Mechanics’ Bank was established, and
located itself at 16 Wall street. There
w-ere several insurance companies in the
city before 1791, the first one being known
as the Mutual Assurance Company. In
181& there were thirteen insurance com
panies on Wall street. The fact that the
Merchants’ exchange (now the custom
house), the city hall and the postoffice
w-ere on the street made the thoroughfare
soon assume definite character as regard
ed its buildings. It took about eighty years
to make the street what it now is—an
architectural open air palace, as well as
a great financial mart.
In considering the history of Wall street
it is a curious fact that the present stretch
of street from Broadway to the river was
originally divided into three parts, each
of which was known by different names.
Between Broadway and Pearl street was
successively called "De Waal,” "The
Waal,” "The Wall,” "Stadt Wall,”
“Ramparts,” "Cingle” and "The Cingel.”
; Between Broad and Hanover streets was
called “The Schaape Waytie,” or the
"Sheep’s Walk.” Between Pearl street
and the river was known as “Water Port”
and as "Coffee House Slip.” Two changes
I have been made in Wall street during the
present century. In 1835 that portion of
the street between Pearl and Hanover was
widened. In 1854 the portion between
Broadway and Nassau street was wid
ened.
—Tomaso Salvini is of an economical
temperament. On one occasion. Signor
Chizzola, his manager, and at that time
partner of Maurice Grau, called on him
in connection with some business tran
saction. It seems that the outside noise
prevented the great actor from hearing
the knock at the door, so that Chizzola
forcing his way into the room, found
Salvini sitting on the floor near the foot
of his bed. mending his own socks. It is
said that he saved laundry bills by scour
ing his collars and cuffs with a linen
cloth and pumice stone.
What is
I CAS TO RIAI
Castoria is Dr. Samuel Pitcher’s prescription for Infants
and Children. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor
other Narcotic substance. It is a harmless substitute
for Paregoric, Drops, Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil.
It is Pleasant. Its guarantee is thirty years* use by
Millions of Mothers. Castoria is the Children’s Panacea
—the Mother’s Friend.
Castoria. Castoria.
‘•Castoria is so well adapted to children that
I recommend it as superior to any prescription
known to me.” H. A. Archer, M. D.,
111 So. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
“ The use of ‘ Castoria ’ is so universal and
its merits so well known that it seems a work
of supererogation to endorse it. Few are the
intelligent families who do not keep Castoria
within easy reach.”
Carlos Martyn, D. D..
New York City.
The Ckktaur Company, 77 Murray Street, New York City
NO POISONOUS CANDY NOWADAYS.
Cheap Sugar Makes the Use of Adul
terations Unprofitable.
From the Pall Mall Budget.
While most, of the continental sweet
stuff is made in London, Glascow is also
a 'big center of the confectionery trade,
and shares the eastern trade with London.
There is hardly a bazaar in the east with
out British made sweets, and the craze
in the Orient is for that very kind of stuff
which British children have practically
left off eating, the hard sweets of the ani
seed ball and rifle shot order. The eastern
merchants print their labels in their vari
ous tongues, send them to Great Britain,
and get back their tons of sugar plums
ready for distribution. From Siberia to
the Fiji Islands—for your cannibal ap
pears to like to roll an acid drop under
his tongue after toying with a missionary
steak—the whole> world come® to this coun
try for confectionery, and America is our
only rival. Their tariff keeps our sw-eets
out of the states, and, moreover, their
“lollies” are of quite a different charac
ter, being manufactured in smaller quan
tities for more rapid consumption.
In a candy-eating country like America
—where you give a young lady to take to
the theater with her, not a bouquet, but
a box of chewing gum—they make their
sweets as we make our bread, practically
for the day's consumption. And while we
cannot cut Into her trade, the American
manufacturers are disposing of more and
more of their goods In this country, and
they have forced the caramel into the po
sition of the favorite sweet here as in the
states. All the British makers are turning
out caramels now in huge quantities. Un
til within three years ago manufacturers
did not know how 'to make caramels with
out using paraffine wax, which the English
courts held to be a deleterious adulterant.
But now they have found an admirable
and harmless equivalent, and, although a
few of the American houses still use the
paraffine wax, it is utterly discarded here.
In the old days, too, such deadly poisons
a® magenta crystals (for all sahdes of red)
paris green, and Prussian blue were freely
used for providing the sweets with their
pretty tints. But, without exception now
adays, every confectioner worthy of the
name uses cochineal or such innocuous
vegetable colorings as extract of spinach.
No manufacturer would dare let it be
known that any coal-tar colors entered his
house and the harmlessneas of the modern
colorings were proved Inadvertently, but
convincing, by the chemist of the Confec
tioners’ Vegetable Colors Company.
One has heard of the profeasor who, ex
perimenting in his laboratory during
lunch time, confused the frog upon which
he was operating with his sandwich, and
nearly ate Galvani’s little friend. Well,
this chemist at Hackney Wick actually
swallowed the better part of a cupful of
yellow coloring matter, with no other re
sult than a painful disappointment to the
coroner, who still eyes the chemist with a
proprietorial air whenever they meet. The
adulteration in the trade, too, which un
doubtedly used to be rampant, has utterly
disappeared now. The fact Is that sugar
Is just as cheap as or cheaper than, the
terra alba and the other sophistications
which erstwhile prevailed, and adultera
tion would not pay.
The suggestion that strach Is the basis
with sugar of every sugar plum that is
made was due probably to the fact that all
cream and jelly sweets, all of which are
molded, used to be cast in starch, until
quite recently India rubber molds super
seded the starch bins. With good sugar
as their basis, with no admixtures except
glucose, and with nice fruit essences for
flavoring, sweetmeats have been brought
to a state of wholesomeness quite extra
ordinary when compared with the former
state of things In the trade.
Neither masters nor employes In this
Arcadian trade have a trades union in the
ordinary sense of teh term. Within the
past few months the manufacturers and
wholesalers have started associations ip
London and various parts of the country,
but there has been a distinct understand
ing that these associations shall neither
dabble in fixing prices nor interfere with
business arrangements In any way. The
object of the movement is to combat the
fallacy about confectionary being adul
terated, and with this idea an analyst will
be appointed to examine the stuff -which
will frequently be bought indiscriminate
ly and without fear or favor, and a bar
rister will also be retained to conduct any
prosecution for adulteration which the as
sociations may determine upon. This may
appear curious after the declaration that
there is no adulteration. But although
probably the association may find sophisti
cated sweets of English make, yet there is
much queer chocolate imported—chocolate
which underbids the English market be
cause it is not chocolate at all, but an
amalgamation of arrowroot, sugar, trea
cle. and vanilla, with a little ground shell
dust. There is a gloomy outlook for the
“queer chocolate” trade.
—The City Pitfalls.—ldle Tim: Phew!
Never had sich a narrow escape in all
the years I’ve been trampin’. These 'ere
big cities is full o’ pitfalls fer the un
wary.
Tattered Tom: What happened to ye?
Idle Tom: I went into that big building
to tell me tale of wme, and where d’ye
think I found meself? It was an employ
ment office—an' twenty different persons
offered me work afore I could get out.—
New York Weekly.
Castoria cures Colic, Constipation,
Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea, Eructation,
Kills Worms, gives sleep, and promotes di
gestion,
Without injurious medication.
“For several years I have recommended
1 your ‘ Castoria,’ and shall always continue to
> do so as it has invariably produced beneficial
results.”
Edwin F. Pardee, M. D.,
125th Street and 7th Ave., New York City.
VIGOR of MEN
lastly. Quickly, Permanently Restored.
xs Wcakaeit, Nervousnena,
A-c.’g.'x Debility, and all toe train
of ey ll s from early errors or
later excesses, the results of
M overwork, sickness, worry,
Sst ?y \ etc. Full strength, devel*
1C- 4 I opment and tone given to
organ and portion
OWZSftA of the body. Simnle.nat
lll» oral methods. Immedi
</4 /fIBX. I I Mil// ate improvement seen.
Failure impossible. 2,000 references. Book,
explanation and proofs mailed (sealed) free.
ERIE MEDICAL CO.. Buffalo. N.Y.
FOR EVERY MM.ONLY sl. <
W. H. PARKER, M. D„ I *
THE MOST EMINENT SPECIALIST IN AMERICA.
Established in 1860. Chips consulting physician
of the Peabody Medical Institute, to Whom
wes awarded the gold medal by the National
Medical Association for the Prize Essay on
Exhausted Vitality, Atrophy, Nervous and
Physical Debility, »nd all Diseases and Weak
ness of Man, MS ET© the young, the mid*
die-aged and VUtRGiO odd. Consultation in
person or by letter. Prospectus, with v-stituqnlabL
E? K? Large book. The Science of Life}
« rkKiKia or, Self-Preservation, the prize
essay, 370 pp.. 12,5 invaluable prescriptions for acute
and cbrcnlc diseases, full gilt, only SI.OO. double sealad*
Chleheetcr'H Enautilt Diamond Braa®.
Pennyroyal * pills.
v Original and Only Oenulno. A
/ „rt, always l.otto asW
*.41 Druggist tor CMckttter » A'nviUSjwkX
Diamond Brand in Red tad ®old'\WHr
wyjn! itallio boxes, .ealed with Wue rib-
bon. Take no other. Refutt -
i"/ nf riant) trout luMitutiane and imitations
I C. Jv At PrugxiiU, or send 4c. la »tainp« tol
\me ® particular., testimonial, and “Relief
for Ladle*,” in letter, b.r return Mail.
NIO,OOO TuthMnlaM. Name Paper.
Chichester t'hemletd Co., Mudtaon Square.
tW SU Cocal Drugsieu. Vhtladxu, Pa»
bushel weighs 64 pounds, made in Fulton
county, 1894; the yield greater than any
other on all lands; $2 per bushel. George
W. Howard, Hapeville, Ga.
TO DO FANCY’ WORK. AT
home; $6 to $10; steady work; no can
vassing; send stamp. Delray Needlework
Co., Delray. Mich.
Why the Havane.e Find Spanish
Rule ro Irksome.
From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
When returned to this favored land
after a visit to Cuba, I smiled at the
controversy in the United States supreme
court over the impending income tax.
I thought of the unique genius that Spain
has developed in the mater of taxation.
She must have been in the very priml
timei and infantile stage® of political
economy 300 years ago or she would never
have forcibly driven the Jews out of th®
country. She would have taxed them out.
In Cuba, taxation is not only a science. It
is a fine art. One native I met said they
wouldn’t allow a man to take a drowned
person out of the Gulf unless he had a
stamp stuck on the corpse! I judge thia
was a pardonable exaggeration, due to
the natural exasperation every citizen
feels when taxation is the subject of
conversation. But the government evi
dently deserves the severest criticism.
She derives, it is said, from $60,00,000 to
$70,000,000 annually from Cuba, and it is
very largely secured by methods that keep
the native® in a chronic state of irrita
tion. Every man who has a house to
rent pays Spain 16 per cent, of the gross
rent. If the house is empty, and he puts
up a sign notifying the public to that ef
fect, he must pay a tax of 1 c#nt a word
for the advertisement. Some shrewd peo
ple simply suspend a key in front of a
tenantless house, and thus evade the tax.
A man pays a tax of SSOO a year, as a
mere license fee, for running one of th®
large stores. Spain seems to have com
bined Henry George’s theory with the
present method. They evidently tax the
land all it will bear and then additionally
tax everything they take off of it. Their
system resembles the darky’s coon trap,
which was constructed to catch them
coming and going.
Man Against Game Cocks.
From the Dally Eastern Argus.
A new kind of a combat has been ar
ranged to come off in this city in the near
future. This is to be between a colored
man and three game roosters. The pugil
ist has knocked out about all of the slug
gbrs in town, and in tnis neighborhood
who are in his class, not excepting a few
who are a little above it, and still sighs
for more worlds to conquer. The three
roosters are in somewhat the same boat,
having licked all of the other roosters for
miles around, and occasionally taken a
fall out of each other. J’
The match, it is said, was made in a
stable recently, the conditions being that
the colored man is to be locked into a room
with the birds, having his arms tied to
gether, and being innocent of trousers.
The birds are so fierce that they will fly
at any one who pokes his foot at them,
and his method is to be used to encour
age the sport. The man is to be allowed
to kick all he wants to, to kill the birds
with his feet if he can, at any rate to knock
them out, but he must not untie his hands
or use them in any way to help himself.
7