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** The name of the writer should accom
pany the letter or article, not necessarily
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. Questions and communications relative
to agricultural and horticultural subjects,
If addressed to Agri. Editor, Drawer N,
Milledgeville, Ga., will receive immediate
attention.
M Y ON E-ACRE-FARM.
Cold Frames, Tlieir Construction and
- Manngement.
The only difference between a “cold
frame” and a "hot bed” consists in the
use of some heating Substance, like stable
manure, in the latter, in making a hot,
bed the Soil is thrown out to the depth
of eighteen inches, then some stable ma
nure that has not been already fermented
to any great extent is firmly packed
down in the bottom of the pit and to a
depth of about twelve inches. This ma
ture, after being firmly pressed down and
slightly moistened, is covered with six or
eight inches of loamy soil, pressed firmly
and evenly down. Then a glass sash is
placed upon the frame and the soil al
lowed to become warmed up,' then the
seeds are sown in the frames. It is rare
ly the case that a hot bed is necessary
to the securing of any kind of plants
for southern use. A cold frame, with
nothing but natural soil in it, if properly
managed, can be made to provide any
plant, whether half-hardy or tender, by
the time ft is safe to set it out in the
open ground. For instance, in Middle
Georgia, it is not safe on an average
practice to put out the main crop of to
mato plants before April 10 or 15, and
Usually there is lltle gain in setting them
out earlier, even if there is no frost after
the first. Well, seeds of tomatoes sown in
Cold frames the middle of February will
make plants large enough to set out by
April 1, If the glass sash is kept in every
night and every cold, windy day for sev
eral weeks following the sowing. They
Will require several workings and wa
terings, of course, to push the growth
of the pants. Such waterings as it may
be necessary to gi,ve must be with water
that has been warmed up to a tempera
ture of about 80 degrees, and when the
temperature* of the air in the frame is
about the same degree. With good seeds
and proper management it is not difficult
to provide tomato or egg plants or pep
per plants In four to five weeks from time
of sowing.
The frames are made so as to hold a
sash that is 8 feet wide and 6 feet tong
without allowing- any crack. The back
board of the frame is 1? Inches wide, and
the front board 6 inches. The end pieces
« Wl 80 as to fit these together.
i After the soli has been deeply and tlfieiy
s Prepared the frames are set upon it and
■tesßod firmly down into the loose soil.
The 6 inches Inclination to the south read
ily turns off the rain and catches the
•Un's rays. A rim of felt or other ma
terial pasted or tacked along tin edge
of the frame Will insure no air getting
tn between the sash cover and the frame
With proper care these frames will last
for years. At least a week before sow
ing time the soil in the frames should
be dug up a,nd enriched a little if neces
sary wjtn some good old compost, and
then the Bash should be put on and the
frameis allowed to catch all the sun heat
possible. Keep the sash a day and night.
A day or two before sowing the seeds
place in each frame a saucer or other
email open vessel having in It a table
•poonful or so of the bi-sulphide of car
bon, which in its evaporation will com
pletely rid the frames of all ins* cts. It
will not -do to allow any of the white
grubs to find a place of habitation in a
frame. Even one of-the large-sized grtibs
will effect considerable damage to the
young plants. The carbon will also in
sure tho absence of that destructive lit-
- tie insect the flea beetle, that, is so de
structive to young plants of all kinds,
•nd especially to egg plants ahd pepper.
W hilo the bl-sulphlde of carbon la by
all odds the best insecticide for freeing
cold frames from Insects; still, (f fi
cannot be procured, a saucer of turpen
tine kept tn the closed frames will ba
found effective.
The soil In tho frames should be well
, firmed, pressed down before sowing the
needs, ami then the seeds should be sown
in shallow drills four to five Inches apart
Very lightly covered with soil andi it
pressed down on the seeds with a board
or brick or hoe. It will bo found almost
invariably to pay to give plants one,trans
planting before setting them<lnallv In the
, open ground. Cabbage, for instance As
f lB - ,he Plants develop fully their
third leaf it is well to take them tip and
transplant Into another frame that has a
Cloth Bash, setting them carefully 3x2
inches apart, pressing the soil firmly to
the young ami tender roots. |,et them
grow for two or three weeks In this frame.
’lron* «■«<! stocky before pat
ting into the open ground. This first
transplanting frequently can be made to
advantage tn a well prepared open bed
along the fence. If this is done, however
before the severe cold is over, a pile of
pM B,rHW should be provided handy, so
that the plants cun be covered, if severe
and untimely cold (not simply frost) should
be threatened. I. Vanhoe
Some Garden Vesta.
I send you In small l>ox by same mall
with tihiir card, three different insects
marked 1, 2 ahd 3. The quoor looking
worm marked 1, has destroyed most of
my young plants in the beds by rooting
them up. No. 2 I found eating the tender
leaf of a boan. No. 3, I found upon a
mustard.plant about a dozen on the plant.
Are they likely to Increase tn number, and
do much damage. How Is the beat way to
fight them? r, f. t,.
The insects sent are very common ones
In the south.
No. 1 Is the larva or grub form of Che
well-known ‘June bug,' at the north called
May-beetle. If you examine the droppings
of cattle in the yard or pasture, you are
apt to find a number or the young grubs.
The one aent is about grown. Where there
are many of these grubs in a garden they
can do conaldoralue damage by mining
along the am face and uprooting young
plants and feeding ut>on the roots. Jy>ul
tiy and bints arc very fond of these grubs.
The fight agalnnt them is not an easy one,
•s they burrow down to a depth of fi inches
or more, By laying short pieces of plank
*’ *u the garden, first cutting
the soil and watering jt freely, the grubs
will collect under the plank «t night and
many njfty bo killed In this way.
The It ellow beetle, marked 2, is known
•s the 13-spotted DtabroUca. It. has 6 spots
on each wing caste. It Is destructive to
young beans, melons, cucumbers lettuce
cabbage. etc. Its larva or catwpiUaa* is
called the southern corn root worm. If
possible kill all of the first bugs seen u|>on
rhe plants. They can be kept off of beans,
m**ioHH, etc., by sprinkling the foliage
with pyrethrum powder and clay dust or
dry ashes tainted wttn turpentine and
kerosene sprinkled on the plants when the
dew la on will lie helpful. •
No. 3 is the Harliquin (or Lincoln) bug
It Is • terrible j est when at all abundant,
in the cabbage patch or fiehl, and la a dis-
Inaeet to contend with. It la im
portant to kill the first brood, else the sec
ond and third broods later on In the sum
mer will haw it all their own way
They merely suek the Juice from the leaf
(do not eat it as the green worm does),
but their lip is poison. As they get both
on the lower and upper sides of the leaf it
is difficult to reach them all with any
form of dust, with turpentine or kerosene.
It is not permissible to use anything pois
onous, like arsenic, on cabbage. Pyrl
thrum is the best thing to dust on the
bugs, if you can secure it at a reasonable
price. If you value your cabbages it will
pay you to use the utmost care to kill by
hand all the bugs you can find early in
the season, so as to dirfiinlsh the late
broods.
We have not observed a single Harle
quin bug this season. Several years ago
we were literally overrun with it and
stopped growing cabbages for several
years.
This season the green worm is very
abundant and promises to be seriously
destructive to cabbages, but we have en
tered upon active defensive measures by
examining each plant for eggs and young
worms, at the . same time killing every
white buterffiy that puts in an appearance
in. the garden.
Cow or Field Peas.
Will you give me some information
about your field peas of which there seems
to be a good many varieties?
.(1) Is there any difference between the
. "Unknown” and the “Wonderful?” De
' scribe the appearance of the latter. (2)
Which is the most productive (of peas)
among the early kinds? (3) Which kinds are
best to sow at the laying-by of corn, and
with the design of letting the vines die
on the land for the benefit of the soil? (4)
Are there several kinds that go by the
name of Crowder? (5) Is the small kind
known as “lady peas” fairly productive
Does it not command a better price for
table use? (6) Wfrat is a fair average
crop of shelled peas per acre. H. C. F.
Sumter county.
The "Wonderful” pea Is the same as the
"Unknown.” It has a large yellow pod
containing peas of medium size of a buff
color. (2) The Red Crowder is a pro
lific early kind. The Whippowill or Speck
led is early and makes less vine than
others. It requires to be planted more
thickly than any perhaps to get the best
result A (3) TheV'Unknown” is good
enough, so also is* the “Clay.” (4) Yes,
there are “Red Crowder,’” Purple Hull
Cfowder," “Sugar Crowder” and Speckled
Crowder.” (5) The small Lady pea is
not very productive of peas though it
makes a heavy crop of vines usually. On
fair soil, however, eighteen or twenty
bushels of seed can be made. For table
use it should command 50 per cent, more
per bushel than the larger dark colored
peas. (6) It depends upon the nature of
the soil. The range is from ten to forty
bushels per acre. There is no better pea
that the Unknown (or Wonderful) though
the several "Crowder” varieties are heavy
yielding peas. The Red Ripper is also
productive, as also the "Clay” and the
“Coffee.”
Wonderful Pea—Soja Beans.
I have read with much interest the ar
ticle on Wonderful Pea and Soja Beans in
your agricultural department, which I en
joy very much. Will you please advise
me where I can procure seeds of the same.
Quitman, Ga. , J. T.
Any first-class seedsman can supply you
with seed of peas and beans. We note
that T. J. Davis, Savannah, Ga, adver
tises soja beans. Wonderful peas, known
also as “Unknown,” are sold by Alexander
& Co., Augusta, Ga., and H. G. Hastings
& Co., Interlachen, ’ Fla. You should be
able to get both in your own county. It
will pay you to have some to sell next
spring. Doubtless many persons have
those seeds,for sale, but they fail to make
thb fadt known.
Pear Blight Remedy.
Agricultural Editor Morning Netac
Would you kindly inform me what is the
best remedy for blight in pear trees, if
there Is any. J. R. B.
Rays Mill, Ga.
You do not describe the nature and ex
tent of the blight of the trees—whether
old <W young trees, and when thfc disease
manifests itself.
If the trees are afflicted simply with
leaf blight the best remedy Is “Bordeaux
Mixture” well sprayed upon the foliage
when the leaves are about half grown.
This mixture is made, as doubtless you
know, by dissolving six pounds of copper
sulphate in one gallon of hot water. In
another vessel dissolve four pounds of
fresh lime in one gallon of
water. Strain the water. Put
the two into fifty gallons of water. It is
oftentimes made stronger than this (25
gallons of water, say), but it has been
round that the weaker mixture is just as
reliable as the stronger.
The spraying should be repeated sev
eral times at intervals of ten-or twelve
days. What kind of soil is your trees
growing in? It may be that it would be
well to scrape the soil away from the
trees an inch or so in depth and out as
far as six or eight feet and broadcast
freely some fresh lime. Is your soil sup
plied sufficiently with the mineral ele
ments? Are the trees making normal
growth?
Protect the Birds.
The Industrial American says: Farmers
and fruit growers overlook their best
friends when they fail to give credit to
the birds for the important work they per
form in destroying the insects which prey
on all classes of vegetation. The reck
less destruction of the birds should be
met by strong protests from every farmer
in the land, and they, of all others, should
see that our laws for their protection are
made effective by prosecuting those who
disobey them.
The rapid demolition of the forest is
driving away many of the birds that for
merly were so numerous, and other species
are taking their place, but with nature's
protection (the forests) removed, they arc
the easy prey of the pot-hunter.
Other countries are suffering from the
destruction of the birds. The great and
fearful increase of locusts in Algeria due
to the wholesale destruction of quail by
sportmen. says a French journal (L'Ele
veur). It further states:
“It is estimated that a quail consumes
daily from fifty to sixty grammes of
Well Satisfied with
Ayer’s Hair Vigor.
“Nearly forty years ago, after
some weeks of sickness, my hair
turned gray. 1 began using Ayer’s
Hair Vigor, and was so well satis
tied with the results that I have
never tried any other kind of dress-
Sing. It requires only
an occasional appli
cation of
AYER’S
Hair Vigor to keep
my hair of good
color, to remove
dandruff, to beat
b, and prevent the
I hair from falling out. I never hesi
tate to recommend Ayer’s medicines
to my friends.’’—Mrs. H. M. Haight,
! Avoca, Nebr.
fIYER’S
iRB Hair Vigor
Prepared by Dr. J.C. Ay«r & Co., Loiraii, Mzaa.
Take Ayer’s Sanatariila for the Complexion.
THE WEEKLY NEWS (TWO-TIMES-A-WEEK): THURSDAY. MAY 2, 1895.
food, and that twenty tiny locusts of the
size of hemp seed go to the gramme.
Hence one quail may destroy daily 1,000
locusts, or from 20,000 to 25,000 during
the period when the insects are small
enough to be swallowed by It. The Tunis
ian sportsmen, who, on May 8, of last
year, shipped off 50,000 quails to France
are, then, in a great measure, to blame
for 150,000,000 locusts less than usual hav
ing been destroyed by those birds during
the year.”
For several years now we have ob
served with much concern the marked
diminuation in the number of birds that
have heretofore been so common to the
southern country. It has come to sucn a
condition now that it Is a very rare
thing that we see a mocking bird or a
catbird, a thrush or “French mocking
bird,” not to mention a dozen other smal
ler kinds, all of which were so plentiful
in Middle Georgia ten years ago. It seems
that tile fad of collecting bird eggs, with
the reprehensible practice of fashion in
decorating the ladies’ hats with birds has
accomplished a destruction almost ‘com
plete of nearly all of our valuable in
sect eating birds. The penalty, we fear,
will prove a very serious one. How se
rious we are loth to express our views
concerning its extent and character.
Science may do much, has done much In
providing insecticides, in combatting the
constantly increasing hordes of destruc
tive insects, and thus in a measure neu
tralizing the damage resulting from the
absence of our feathered allies in farm,
garden and orchard, but there is much
we fear, that science will not be able to
do To make the substitution of poi Son for
birds a satisfactory one. Nature Is quite
sure, sooner or later, to resent the outrage
upon her great law. There Is no question
that injurious insects are being rapidly
multiplied. Yearly there are new species
appearing upon the scene whose habits
have not as yet been studied and deter
mined. Already it requires the greatest
watchfulness and the most painstaking
and energetic action to protect fairly our
most valuable crops of the garden, farm
and orchard.
Wo are strong in the belief that legisla
tion cannot be too prompt and too active
in providing measures that will accom
plish the protection of all of our birds,
with very few exceptions.
In the meantime, however, every ration
al man, woman and child in the land
should make' a law unto themselves to
encourage the re-establishment of our
bird host. It is a far more serious mat
ter than the thoughtless may be inclined
to credit; nevertheless it is true that the
and wholesale destruction
of our dozen or more chief insect-devour
ing birds stands to-day as a menace al
most everywhere to the future reasonable
supply of food,clothing and. the luxury of
fruit. What the damage has been we
have a slight idtea of, but what it will be
it is well enough perhaps not to speculate
upon.
Good Preparation For Corn.
Some growers will not accept the state
ment that half the culture of a corn
crop should be given before »the corn is
planted, but thousands attest its truth,
remarks an exchange. The food of the
plant should be prepared beforehand, and
this is accomplished by tearing the sod to
pieces in a most thorough manner. If the
land has been properly plowed with the
use of a jointer, the grass is in the bottom
of the furrow, five or six inches under the
surface. It will decay rapidlv. We are
after the millions of roots that form the
sod. With disk or spring-tooth harrow
they should be torn to pieces and every
clod of earth pulverized. There should
be four inches of soil on the surface
ready to surrender up its plant food to
tho young corn plant. The tramping of
the horses and the preparation of the
seed-bed firms the earth and grass at the
bottom of the furrow, so that soil water
from beneath can rise. The grass readily
ferments and gives up its plant food. The
corn plant has a chance to do its best, has
the heat fermentation gives, has food, has
the needed air that passes in when organic
matter is present in the soil, and has mois
ture from beneath. Os course, it takes a
little more time to prepare a seed-bed in
this way, but with improved implements
the work is done rapidly, and after til
lage is saved.
Variety of Sorghum,
For the past twenty-five years we have
been raising sorghum, and during that
time have tested every new variety that
wfe could get, with the exception of a few
varieties tested by oar neighbors, that
were so decidedly inferior that we didn’t
want to tinker with them, writes G. H.
Turner in Farm end Fireside. For the
northern states tho Amber and other
early maturing varieties will continue to
be the main reliance for something sweet.
For all those who live far enough south
for the Miter, larger, taller, heavier and
far better varieties, as Early Orange
Gooseneck, and even Red Top, the Amber
will be thrown in the shade. In localities
that are not subjected to heavy winds
the Gooseneck is a good variety, being of
good quality and greater productiveness
than any other variety of our acquaint
ance. For the western or “windy” states
and the great southwest, the Red Top
would probably be the beet, on account
of its tendency to stand up like & tree
For the central and southern states,, tend
in short all portions of the country where
it will succeed, the Early Orange is for
most all purposes so decidedly the best
that the other varieties simply "alnt in
it” at all. Its quality is strictly first-class
in every respect; as to quality, it is beaten
by but few. Os all the different varieties
that have been introduced in this section
the just twenty-five years, under the
somewhat high-sounding titles of “Hon
eycomb,” "Honeydrop, “Ooldendrpjx”
“Goldenrod,” etc., we have found but
four—namely, Early Amber. Eariv Orange
Red and Gooseneck,that were worthy
of continued cultivation It is a case of
the "survival of the fittest;” the others
have been here; they are gone, and the
place that knew them, knows them no
more. G. H. Turner.
Mississippi.
Oleiunln«« From Here nnd There..
Telling a Horse’s Age.—By Prof. Glea
sbu: I .have been asked to explain my
method of telling a horse’s age. A horse
has 40 teeth, 34 grinders, 12 front teeth,
and 4 tusks. A mare has 3C teeth, 24
grinders. 12 front teeth, and they have
tusks, but not very often. Fourteen days
old. a colt has four nipper teeth, at 3
months old he has 4 middle teeth, at
6 months old he has 4 corner teeth, and
at 1 year old the cups leave the nipper
teeth, at 2 years old the cups leave the
middle teeth, and at 2$ he sheds his
nipper teeth; at 3 years old full-sized
nipper teeth, at 34 he sheds his middle
teeth, at 4 years old full-sized middle
teeth, at 44 years old sheds his comer
teeth, 5 years old. full-sized corner teeth,
s years old, large cups in corner teeth,
small cups in middle teeth, still smaller
cups in nipper teeth. 7 years old, cups
leave nipper teeth, 8 years old. cups leave
middle teeth, » years old. cups leave the
corner teeth, 10 years old. a dark groove
will make its appearance in the upper cor
ner tooth, at U years old (he groove will
I Fry Fish I
and other food in Cottolene and there will be
no complaint of indigestion or dyspepsia. It
>4 is more more economical, better in
S flavor than any othet shortening. Genuine put
up in pail with trade mark— _
steer’s head in cotton-plant
wreath. —Made only by
THE
N.K. FAIRBANK COMPANY,'
ST. LOUIS and CHICAGO.
be half way down the upper conger tooth,
at 21 years old the groove will be at the
bottom. At this ags give the horse his
time, and let him nave rest* in his fu
ture days. *>s v ...
• •, *
Chopping Orchards—An orchard in bear
ing ought never tp be chopped. All the
fertility that the soil contains Is worth
more to be used in developing fruit than
for anything else that can be grown. Re
novating crops to be plowed under may,
however, be sown even in bearing orch
ards. If young orchards ard making
wood,, instead of fruit When they are large
enough t® bear, a seeding with clover,and
plowing In midsummer after a clover
growth has been taken off, will often
bring them into condition to bear fruit.
The clover, while growing, is a check
to growth, and the cutting of the roots
in midsummer is a further check. This
will cause great many fruit spurs to
form late in summer, and these will pro
duce a large crop of fruit the next year.
This is a severe remedy, but if the tree
has a good supply of mineral fertilizer
it will continue to bear from that time.
It may be that a tree treated thus will not
be so long lived as is one whose growth
has not been checked, but it is not often
the very largest trees that are the most
profitable.
Pie' Plant.—Rhubarb fills a distinct
want, coming as it does at a season when
nature craves green food, while its acidity
stimulates the languid appetite. It is sur
prising that it is not more generally
grown. Only a few plants are necessary
for a family supply, and, once established,
little labor is there after required.
Rhubarb roots should be set out early
in a rich and well manured soil. The
plant has no insect enemies, and is subject
to no diseases. The stalk is always clean
and perfect and responds to good culture
by producing an abundance of fat stalks
for years. When the plants begin to show
signs of failing they should be taken up,
divided and reset into a permanent patch.
Rhubarb may also be grown from seed.
This should be gown like carrots, in a
rich soil and the plants thinned to a few
inches apart. In the fall or spring they
can be set out in the permanent patch.
Thinning Out Young Crops.—Few prac
tices are tn Ore profitable, says Meehan’s
Monthly, than thinning out garden crops
as soon as the young plants are above the
surface. If the knowledge of the proper
sowing of seeds was more widely preva
lent, when the number of seeds required
to make plants only need be sown, no
thinning -would be needed, but so many
persons sow the heeds fearing that num
bers will fall to grow, and, therefore, many
more seeds are used than is necessary.
But sometimes all these superfluous seeds
grow, in which case it is desirable that
they should be thinned. Not only do the
vegetable plants grovi’ larger under these
circumstances, but in many cases they
come earlier into ui»e.
Ratsjng Cuttings, in Wateu«-rAlmost any
plahts with comparatively hard wood can
b® made to root by being placed in bottles
of water. The oleander is a familiar il
lustration. The ivy also can be easily
raised In this way. After the roots have
become strong in the water the plants
can be taken out and placed in earth.
Meehan’s Monthly says: For this perhaps
it is better to let the water continue stag
nant in the bottles. A change of water is
not beneficial. Even soft wood cuttings
will root readily in sand with water. A
saucer of sand, for‘instance, filled with
water. Is all that is teeded to root many
soft wood cuttings. These saucers with
the -cuttings should be kept shaded for
a day or two and then placed in the full
light. If placed at once in the full light
they are liable to wilt.
A Word About Pastures—Remem
ber that close grazing is ruin
ous to' any pasture. There is no economy
in it, for what the close grazing does
not destroy the hot sun will finish. Don’t
destroy these valuable portions of your
farm by being penny wise and pound
foolish. If you havn’t sufficient pasture
for all your stock, sell some of the stock
or feed grain. It has been demonstrated
at the experiment stations that by feed
ing grain to cows while .they are being pas
tured we not only save Uie pasture land,
but in the end save money, a Httle gn-ain
fed to the dairy cows every day during
pasturing makes the cream richer and
the butter much superior than if given
nothing but grass. But before the grass
is destroyed and elose cropping begins the
grain feeding should begin. Feed a lit
tle grain morning and night and restrict
the animals grazing, so that no one part
of the field can be cropped too close.
To Kill Weeds.—lt is not an easy matter
to kill out weeds after the regular crop
is planted. One of the best methods is to
plow early, harrow the land and let the
weeds grow. When they are just appear
ing harrow well and plant again. By thte
time corn planting arrives the weeds will
have been well thinned out. After the
crop is planted the cultivator and wheel
hoe. or even the hand hoe, may be relied
upon to keep them down if the work is
done when the weeds are young. Never
let one weed produce seed. Some varie
ties produce millions of seeds from a sin
gle plant, hence every weed killed means
less labor the succeeding year. It may
entail a heavy expense to endeavor to de
stroy all the weeds, but the expense the
next season will be more than reduced
correspondingly. What should be done
early is to give the weeds an opportunity
to grow and then destroy them.
Hardiness of the Trifoliata.—ln conver
sation with Mr. George L. Tabei* of Glenn
St. Mary.he stated to ys that younk oranae
trees budded on trifoliata stocks perlahed
alike with all others in the February
freeze. That la they died down to the
surface of the ground banked up around
them. He makes a practice of running
a tuiTOW on oach aide- of his nurserv
rows in the fall, throwing the earth to
ward the trees and covering the bud a
few inches above the junction. As above
noted, the buds on the trifoliata stock
were frozen to the ground, but there the
frost stopped, while with those on sweet
stocks It killed them down into the ground
so that many of them perished below the
result of this he now has
nt>out l>uds on trifoliata stock irrow
ing vigorously, with hardly a break in
the rows, while th# buds on sweet stock
will have to be mostly renewed —Fruit
Grower. t k
_Tb®lnd-MfH Age—Western Plowman-
The time Is coming when everyhouse Will
be ..P rc <V. id * d wirtl tt w,ud That wind
mill will store up power or electricity that
will be used in winter to light and heat
the house. Then good bye furnace, heating
stoves, coal, wood ashes. Life will be
worth living in the good time coming
when brains will direct, and the forces of
nature execute the drudgery work of life
Doctoring sick fowls without knowing
what ails them, and pouring medfcinea
into their crops without knowing what its
effect is likely to be, is too much like
most of our medical practice—very haz
ardoue to say the least. The only sensible
plan Is to treat fowls as *a wise person
would a member of his family—take good
care of them, and if they get sick, inter
face with nature s healing power as little
as possible. There may be cases where
proper medication will do good, both in
the feathered and the unfeathered biped
but they are few, but an injudicious use
of medicine* does far more harm than
good. These views may seem a little rad
ical but long experience has demonstrated
rheir truth to the satisfaction of the wri
ter.
Ducks—The Rouen duck is claimed to be
the best duck for market. They are pre
cisely like the wild mallard in external
markings, but are much larger and have
had miny good qualities added to them
by the art of man. The Fokin and Ayies-
bury ducks are pure white and beautiful;
the Pekias being somewhat the larger of
the two, and better layers. There is some
objection to the Pekin as a fowl for mar
ket on account of the difficulty of clear
ing the carcass of pin-feathers. Rouens
are but little subject to this objection, and
they are large enough, eighteen pounds
per pair not/being unusual Weights, and
single birds often exceeding ten pounds.
Rouen ducks may be depended upon for
more than 100 eggs each during the year
and often as many as 140. They are easily
raised, are little trouble, are not noisy,
and are beautiful to look upon.
Itnles For Rotation.
Enough has been stated to show the
necessity of a change of crops, and the
following are found to be the best rules
to observe in practice:
1. Crops of the same species, and even
of the same natural order, should not suc
ceed each other.
2. Plants with perpendicular roots
should succeed those with spreading and
superficial roots, and vice versa.
3. Crops which occupy the soil for sev
eral years (like asparagus, rhubarb, etc.)
should be followed by those of short dura
tion.
4. Two crops alike favorable to the
growth of weeds should not occupy the
soli in succession.
5. Crops taking largely from the soil the
sulphates, phiosplhates and' nitrogenous
principles should not follow each other
immediately, but be succeeded by those
which draw less from, the soil and more
from the atmosphere. These exhausting
crops should be followed by those which
bear and will profit by heavy manuring.
6. Plants grown from their roots or bulbs
should not follow those grown for the
same purpose; and still less should plants
grown for their seeds follow each other
directly in succession.—Ex.
Peach and Pear. ,
Fruit Growers Journal: With the in
troduction of the LeConte pear and the
Elberta peach an impetus was given to
southern horticulture (Which had before
been unknown. In regard to the LeConte
pear I can truly say that they have
brought much money into the south,
that they are good shippers and keepers,
and that some people have been known
to say that they Ilk* to eat them—but
further than this they are woefully lack
ing in merit. The same can be said of
the Kieffer pear. But as to the Elberta
peach, as it grows in its southern home,
one cannot well say too much in its praise.
It is nearest to perfection of any variety
of fruit that has yet been produced upon
this globe. I know what I am saying
when I make this statement, for I have
been growing it and eating it for more
than ten years. It has not one single
fiult that I know of. It is as near per
fection as anything can be in this world.
Some one has asked if there is any fruit
in nature that appears as fine as the col
ored plates the catalogues give? Yes,
there is one—the Elberta peach. Presi
dent Berkman, the originator of this va
riety (No. Samuel Rump Was the origi
nator—Editor) was unusually modest in
presenting it to the public. It was the
one good peach out of twelve thousand
seedlings, and he placed it quietly in his
catalogue, without booming it in the
least. We of the south had it and en
joyed it long before the north knew' any
thing about it; and now I see that both
north and south it is destined to stand
at the head of the list. Thousands of
acres have been planted in this variety,
and as it is a good shipper, a good eating
peach, and an abundant and regular
bearer, it promises great things for its
possessors.
Good Beggar Weed Hay.
I intend to try and give my experience
regarding the cutting, curing and feeding
to horses and cattle,' says E. W. S. in
Farmer and Fruit Gi ower.
The seed were sown in April, four
pounds to the acre of shelled seed, along
with some crab grass seed saved from
a late crop of crab grass hay.
I had the first cutting - of hay the last
week of July; it was left in the sun for
half a day to wilt, and then hauled to the
barn. First a layer two feet deep was
laid on the barn floor, then rails laid
across resting on the logs at the side,
then another lot of hay, mote rails, and so
on to the top of the barn; and it has re
mained so since, except what we have
used.
The stubble was left about six Inches
long and started to send shoots at
once for the second crop, which crop I
consider the better one, as the stalks are
finer than in the first. The second cut
ting was in September, just when the
crop was blossoming.
When we fed it to the horses, it is
cut up in a Baldwin fodder cutter into
one-inch lengths, and is eaten to the
last piece; the same when fed to cows.
Some of the beggar weed grew stalks
as thick as a lead pencil, very few'
thicker.
As Mr. Adams says, the hay is dusty.
To get over that difficutly we slightly
dampen the cut hay just before feed
ing it to the cattle or horses.
I think Jt a long way ahead of the north
ern hay, such as we get in Florida, for
that sometimes is dusty, at others mouldy
and always expensive.
We treat para grass hay the same, ex
cept the cutting.
Manures for the Garden.
On almost all farms the garden gets the
richest portions of the stable manure, by
which is generally meant that part least
mixed w’ith straw and other bulky mate
rial, says - the American Cultivator. It
is not usually composted, but is drawn
on sometime in spring and spread over
the surface before plowing. Year after
year this dressing of stable manure is
applied, filling the soil with decomposing
humus, until, if the land be heavy, the
garden becomes sodden with manure
w'henever the soil is wet, but suffers
from drought in a dry season. It is true
the stable manure furnishes an abundant
supply of nitrogen; but very little of it
is available until midsummer, too late
for the early vegetables. There is in most
stable manure a deficiency of mineral
plant food, potash and phosphate. Both
of these are quite as Important for many
kinds of vegetables as they are for the
grain crops to which they are generally
applied by farmers.
What the garden needs for best results
is a greater variety of plant food and a
better nitrogen supply early In the season.
Alternation of manure is the
practice of the best market gardeners
But they apply mineral manures in
amounts proportionate to the stable ma
nure for which they are a substitute,
1,000 to 2,000 pounds per acre being not
unusual amounts. In Peter Henderson’s
"Gardening for Profit” he tells his own
experience with a three-year rotation.
The first year he used stable manure,
followed the next by mineral fertiliser
containing both phosphate and potash
with some nitrogen. This’made the sta
ble manure applied the previous year
more effective. The third season the
waste hops from malt houses was ap
plied, or the refuse stems and waste of
tobacco factories. The effect of this
manuring was to make the soil more por
ous. By this time a dressing of stable
A Common Practice.
It’s quite common for some trades pepple
to persuade a customer to take some other
article instead of that called for. It is
sometimes called substitution, but it’s
cheating the customer out of that which
he wanted. It is always done for a mean
motive. The dealer who does this has no
consideration for his customer. It’s like
getting rid of something in which the
dealer himself was swindled, and yet he
must get his money out of it by deceiving
the customer. We say to the readers of
this journal that when you ask for Sim
mons Liver Regulator don’t take anything
else instead—it's the best liver medicine.
The advertising is increasing the demand
for it, and the people who call for it should
get it. especially so because there is no
liver medicine like Simmons Liver Regu
lator. Insist upon having it. and note that
the Red Z is on the front of the package.
_ DUKE
Cigarettes
’
BfLM
rw.Duke Sorts
THE AMERICAN TOBACCO C65Wf fr ®&7
»ucc»snoß Ajq.ffiaT
DURHAM, N.C. U.S.A, EffiF
MADE FROM
High Grade Tobacco
AND
ABSOLUTELY PURE
manure will give much better results
than it will if used continuously.
All manures for the garden ought to
be composted. Uy this their bulk is re
duced and the plant food they contain
is made at once available. There Is also
less injury from drying up of the gar
den if the less bulky composted manure
is used on it. The most frequent com
plaint of the farmer about nig garden
is that when hot weather comes it drys
up more quickly than any other part
of the farm. He need not wonder at
this, if he remembers the large quan
tities of coarse manure he has buried
under the furrow. This makes an air
space, which prevents rapid decomposi
tion, except in seasons when there is a
great excess of moisture. Whenever there
is a rain millions of weed seeds are ready
to take advantage of it. Weeds suffer
far less from drought than do most gar
den vegetables, and the effect of very
heavy manuring is to fill the soil with
weeds after the hoed crops have grown
too large to be cultivated.
There ought always to be some mineral
fertilizer added to stable manure when
used on the garden, The combination
will make both more effective than either
is alone. For the very earliest crops a
dressing of nitrate of soda will pay. It
is easily dissolved and its nitrogen is in
more available form than is the nitrogen
even in well-rotted stable manure. Be
sides, it does not make the soil dry out
so quickly as will the stable manure.
The farmer can profitably vary his way
of fertilizing his garden by ouasionally
seeding it with clover and plowing under
a crop for green manure. The tap roots
of clover go into the subsoil, reaching for
much of the fertility that has soaked into
the subsoil ori all long-manured ground.
Even the market gardener finds it to his
advantage to seed with clover so as to
liven the subsoil as nothing else will do.
If the market gardener can use clover on
high priced land near cities the farmer
can still better afford to make his garden
what it should be. There ought on every
farm to be at least two plots of land
made rich, enough to serve for a garden.
This will enable the alternation with other
crops, which is necessary to eradicate
weeds at least expense, and thus reduce
the cost of keeping the cost of the garden
under cultivation and free from weeds.
The clover is Itself one of the best weed
destroyers. Its growth, if not trampled
or pastured, will smother millions of weed
seeds that start In the spring, but under
its shade are not able to mature and
ripen their seeds ■
MEMORIAL DAY AT ATLANTA.
The Governor in the Saddle and the
Gate City Guard in Line.
Atlanta, Ga., April 2s.—The Memorial
day exercises, which were postponed on
Friday on account of unfavorable weath
er, were held this afternoon. It was an
ideal day for such an occasion and thous
ands turned out to honor it. L. L. Knight,
a brilliant young journalist of the city,
delivered the oration from the foot of the.
confederate monument in Oakland ceme
tery, within hearing of 5,000 people.
All the local military with- the various
civil societies were out in full force to par
ticipate in the procession. Gov. Atkinson,
mounted, rode in line with his staff, his
appearance in the saddle, which is the
first t)me in years that the governor of the
state has been seen mounted on such an
occasion, being the subject of a good deal
of favorable comment. The feature of the
procession was the appearance of the Gate
City Guard under arms. Recently the
company has had a good deal of trouble
with the state military authorities because
of its refusal to enlist in the state ser
vice, and it was reported that an injunc
tion would be sought to restrain the com
pany from bearing arms in public. Gov.
Atkinsqn was asked to Interfere, but de
clined. Public sentiment*was against such
action, and it was abandoned. The Guard
turned out 100 men with a full brass band
and bugle corps and was given an ovation
on the streets. The company carried to
the cemetery a magnificent floral offering
in the shape of the confederate monument
made of immortelles, drawn In a carriage
to which was hitched four beautiful white
horses. After the exercises at the ceme
tery, Gov. Atkinson held a review of the
military at the base ball park. Mayor
King and the city council were also present
at the review*.
CLAYTON COUNTY’S CONTEST.
The Attorney General Decides In Fa
vor of the Democrat*.
Atlanta, Ga., April, 28.—Attorney General
Terrell has rendered his opinion in the
Olayton county contested election case
growing out of the refusal of the man
agers to count the ballots of the Jones
boro precinct because the crowd that
burst Into the room when the count was
being made and refused to leave.- On a
mandamus both the lower court and the
supreme court held that the managers
could not be compelled to count these
votes, but on agreement they were count
ed by a committee, though In the returns
the Jonesboro precinct was not counted.
Gov. Atkinson was applied to for com
missions on the result, which had the
Jonesboro precinct counted and the attor
ney general’s decision is that the gov
ernor cannot go behind the returns, so the
commissions will issue to the democratic
candidates elected on the face of the re
turns. _ .
ENDED LIFE WITH MORPHINE.
A Wife’s Refqsal to Return to Her
Huabnnd Drives Him to Suicide.
Atlanta, Ga., April 28.—Domestic
troubles that caused his wife to leave
him, caused Alfred Johnson to take a dose
of morphine early this morning that re
sulted in his death to-night at 8 o’clock.
Johnson, who was a plumber by trade,
was living with his parents on. Fair street.
About two years ago he married and
life appeared to be all roses until six
months ago, when there was a separa
tion, Mrs. Johnson and her baby return
ing to the parental roof. Last night
Johnson went to see his wife and
begged her to return to him. She refused
and he declared he would kill himself if
she did not. His mother found him in a
stupor in his room from a heavy dose
of morphine about noon to-day, and in
spite of the work of physicians, the drug
did Its deadly work, and the disappointed
husband’s threat was fulfilled.
Whipped by Women.
Port Tampa City, Fla., April 28.—Edward
Tucker, who lives near this place, was
i taken from his home and whipped by
whitecaps for abusing his wife. It is said I
[ that women whipped Tucker. |
BURIAL OF A NEGRO PREACHER*
He Died Last Monday, But Was Not
Buried Until Yesterday.
Darien, Ga., April 28.—The funeral of
Rev. Robert Mifflin, late pastor of the
First African Baptist church, took place!
at 2'o’clock to-day. His demise occurred
last Monday morning, but his congrega
tion had his remains embalmed, and
meanwhile elaborate preparations have
been made for the funeral to-day. Since
9 o’clock this morning the First African
Baptist church has been packed and sev
eral hundred have had to content them
selves with staying on the outside. Large
parties from Brunswick, Crescdnt, St.
Simons, Sapelo and surrounding islands
gathered In the city during the day, and
the crowd which accompanied the re
mains to the grave is estimated at about
1,500.
Rev. Mifflin had an unusually firm grip
on the colored people. He was qUiet,
kind and dignified in his manner toward
them, and the splits and quarrels so com
mon in colored religious circles were un
known amongst hls flock. The whites
considered hls conduct exemplary in all
respects and he enjoyed the esteem of all
of those with whom he came in contact.
There were over 100 Masons in line, the
Masonic ceremony being conducted by
John D. Campbell of Savannah, grand
master of the state. r
BURIAL OF CAPT. BEANHAN* * ,
The Funeral the Most Imposing Seent
at New Orleans in Many a Day.
New Orleans, April 28.—One of the most
Imposing funerals witnessed in this city,
for many a day was that of the lata
Capt. W. H. Beanhan, police cbmmis
sioner, which took place at 3 o'clock this
afternoon. The body lay in state a.t
Washington Artillery hall yesterday ahdi
last night! Throughout the entire night
and all this morning crowds of people
flocked to the armory to look for the lasts
time at the features of the dead. All the
military organizations of the city, fire*
men, police, both mounted and on foot,
the city officials, besides thousands of
citizens were in the procession as it
moved from the armory to St. Patrick's;
church. After the funeral rites of the
Catholic church were performed the pro
cession moved to Metairie cemetery.
After religious at the grave the
long roll was sounded by the drums, theh.
three volleys were fired from a three-inch,
gun. The Continental Guards, of which
the deceased Was also a member, then
fired three volleys, a bugler sounded taps*
lights out, and Capt. Beanhan was afi
rest.
( Like a Machine,
Which kept in order runs smoothly ans
regularly, so the bowels keep up their ac
tion if measures are taken to keep them
in geod working order. This infers, of
course, that they are out of order. The
surest recourse then is to Hostetter’S
Stomach Bitters, a laxative mild but effec
tive, which is also a remedy for dyspepsia*
malaria, rheumatism, nervousness ant#
kidney trouble.—ad.
H. I. KIMBALL DEAD, itjlll
He Was Formerly One of
Most Enertretle Hustlers.
Atlanta, Ga,, April 28. —Private tele
grams here to-day announced the death
in Boston last night of H. I. Kimball of
Bright’s disease. Up to a few years ago,
when he went west to live, Mr. Kimball
was one of the most prominent men in
the state. He built the old capitol building
and after being actively instrumental in.
having the capitol removed from Milledge
ville to Atlanta, sold it to the state. He
was the prime spirit of the cbtton expo
sition of 1888, as the director general find
also the founder and builder of the Kim
ball house.
For Over Fifty Years.
Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup has been
used for children teething. It SOothes the
child, softens the gums, allays all pAin.
cures wind colic, and iskhe best remedy for.
diarrhoea. Twenty-five cents a bottle.—Ad.
The Senator From South Carolina*
Washington Cot. Chicago Record.
An examination of the Congressional
Record shows that Senator Irby of South
Carolina was absent nearly all the last
session of congress, and that he w i as an
nounced as paired upon nearly every
vote. An officer of the Senate, whoso
business keeps him in the chamber, says
lhat Irby was not present more than half
a dozen times, and the minutes of tho
committee of which he is a member do
not show that ho ever attended a meet
-1 Early in hls senatorial career Mr, Irby
became quite intimate with Senator Hill,
and in the tariff fight followed that lead
er consistently except upon a single ques
tion when he was needed more than at
any other time. This was when a vote,
was taken on the income tax proposi
tion. Mr. Hill had general authority from,
Mr. Irby to arrange him a pair upon all
questions that arose in the Senate dur
ing hls absence, and in the case he an
nounced him as paired with the senator
from West Virginia, whereupon Senator
J<nes of Arkansas, who was in charge
of the tariff bill, afose and read a tele
gram from Mr. Irby, asking him to ar
range a pair in favor of the bill, instead
of against it, as Mr. Hill had done. When
Mr. Jones read this telegram the face Os
the senator from New York flushed! and
reaching over to Mr, Jones he said: “Let
me see that telegram.” There was ho
doubt of its genuineness, and the pai»
stood.
A Satisfactory Basis.
Washington (Ga). Gazette (Dem.>.
We believe that it will be wise for the
Democratic party to take ground against
the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1 by the
United States only. But it is a different
thing to take ground against international
bimetallism. This is not a question of our
internal politics, nor is it necessary for
our political parties to take ground
further than to say, that the United
States should send delegates to a conven
tion for discussing and settling the ques
tion of international money, whenever
asked so to do. We have a gold standard
now, and if there is no prospect of its dis
turbance except by agreement of the great
civilized commercial nations, it is suffi
ciently settled and secure for the purposes
of business.
ImM
Kills a Spavin, Curb, or
Splint. Cures Shoulder
or Stifle Lameness.
Will not Scar or Blister.
Horse Sizes, 50 cents and SI.OO.
, Sold by all Dealert.
Prepared by Dr. EARL S. SLOAN CO.,
BOSTON, MASS., U.SJK.
- A
Dr. Sloan’s Xew Rook ‘‘Treatise
on the Horse,” sent Free.
3