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% TWJBNTI'-FIFTBS CO.WCmRESS, SECOND SESSION. IN SENATE. Monday, March 20, 1838. i Cherokee Treaty. Mr. Southard presented a memorial, ad dressed to Congress, and signed by the deputa tion of the Cherokee Indians now in Washing ton, making representations and complaints in regard to their situation under the late alleged treaty, and praying Congress in some mode to interfere for their relief. Also, a memorial against the enforcement of the treaty, directly from the Cherokee nation, with the signatures of 15,665 persons o. that nation. Mr. S. moved that these memorials be prin ted, and referred to the committee on Indian Affairs. Mr. Lumpkin said: Mr. President, I must express my deep regret at the introduction of this subject here by the Senator from New * Jersey, [Mr. Southard.] Even to entertain, and discuss this subject here, at this time, is pregnant with much mischief. But the sub ject being thus far forced upon the attention of the Senate, I wish to give to it that direction which will be productive of the least mischief, which will be, to lay the whole subject on the table, with an understanding that it will not again be taken up in the Senate. It is proper, however, that, before I make this motion, I should ask the ear of the Senate, while I explain, in a brief manner, why the Senate should, in a prompt and decisive man ner, put to rest al! hopes and expectations of. the Cherokee people, that John Ross can effect the slightest change in the determination of the Federul Government, to execute the Cher okee treaty of 1835. Neither would 1 wish to make this motion to th© preclusion of other gentlemen who may desire to say something on this subject. Sir, this Cherokee treaty, which is the sub ject matter of complaint with John Ross and his friends, who are now in hearing of my voice, was negociated Fby a highly qualified and competent delegation of the Cherokee poo pie, in the latter part of the year 1835. In the early part of the year 1836, the treaty was thoroughly discussed in this Senate, and received its ratification in due form. Moreov er, the large appropriations necessary to carry it into effect were discussed in both branches of Congress, in the face of the opposition of Mr. Ross and his political friends, and receiv ed the sanction of Congress. From that time, the execution of the trea’y commenced, and has progressed with as much success as could , bo expected, under all the opposing circum-' stances. Mr. Ross and his associates have not ‘ been able to keep back the intelligent portion , of the Cherokee people from acceding to the 1 treaty, and becoming recipients under its pro- • • ’ xr • a visions. Yes, sir. nine-tentns ot the intelli gent Cherokees have emigrated to the West under the provisions of this treaty, or are pre paring to go. Amongst the emigrants, you will find An drew Ross, the brother of John; Thomas F. Taylor, the son of Richard Taylor, who is now’ here as one of John Ross s delegation; and John Gunter, the brother of the Gunter’s who are now here aiding John Ross in his pro jects of mischief. Yes, sir, the nearest and most of the connections of these very men have not only yielded to this treaty, and are now settled in the West, happy and contented, but have corresponded with me, and assured me of their satisfaction with their change of resi dence- Indeed, sir, they are now zealous friends of the treaty, although at the time of its formation, Taylor and others were violently opposed to it. There is no difficulty in regard to executing this treaty with the intelligent portion of the] Cherokee people, except what has been produ-1 Cod by this man John Ross, who claims to be. principal chief of flie Cherokee people, and his pliable delegation now here. 'Die opposing Indians, now, are ignorant and uninformed, and these would long since have cheerfully yielded, and have emigrated, but for the wick ed and mischievous operations of this man John • Ross, and his immediate associates. Since the ratification of the treaty, I pre- I same this man Ross has spent more than one half of his time in and about this place, under the pretence of doing something which would abrogate or change this treaty. Unfortunate- j ly, he has been permitted to hold too much ( ’correspondence with the Executive Officers of this Government, and received too much coun tenance from members of Congress, which has been calculated to keep up the delusion that the treaty would not be executed without his consent or approbation. Sir, 1 have been in timately connected with this subject. I have been in a position, in connection with the exe cution of this treaty, which enables tnc to un- ’ derstand things as they actually exist; and but for this man Ross, and his aiders and abettors, these unfortunate Cherokees would now have! been quietly enjoying the benefits of this most I liberal and benefieient treaty nt their settled; homes in the Wes*. Hundreds and thousands' of these people arc this day passively waiting! to receive the permission of Ross to leave their present abodes and go West. Whole neigh borhoods of the Cherokees have repeatedly made up their minds to yield to the treaty, and commenced making their preparations accor dingly, when news would go from John Ross and hi-' associates here, that Ross was nego-' ruling a new treat?, and that the present trea ty was undergoing modification or change, and , the Indians urged not to yield to the present treaty or to the advice o c the agents of the Go- j vwrnmcnt engaged in its execution; and thus, repeated stops have been put to emigration, j The countenance given to this delusion by Congressmen and those high in authority, is fraught with the most serious evils. It threat-' ens destruction and' extermination to the rem nant of this once mighty race. The twenty third of May next, now less than two months hence, and these people, so far as Georgia is concerned, must go, and go quickly. Ihe cit izens of Georgia hold grants for the lands on which these Indians now reside in that State, and the guarantees are legally authorized by | the laws of the State, as well as the treaty, to I take possession of their lands on and after the twenty-third of May next; and, sir, the posses sion they will take, and the Indians will then truly be forced out of house and home. Geor gia and the Georgians have long since been accused of having taken possession of all the Indian lands, houses and homes. But, sir, this was not true; it was one of the many slanders which has been propagated to disparage the State which I have the honor to represent.— We have treated the Indians with all the kind ness and forbearance which their interest re quired. But, sir, whatever conflict may arise, after the 23d of Alay, Georgia must and will, be speedily relieved from this long-standing and vexatious perplexity. If the execution of this treaty is longer resisted, whatever evil may ensue, the just responsibility is chargea ble to this man, Ross, and his associates, and to those who encourage his delusive hopes, and not to my constituents, or the authorities of the State which I represent. So far from a voiding, I would desire the most thorough in vestigation of this treaty, its execution, and every transaction connected with the subject. Ruf,sir,l will never consent to any investigation which shall retard the execution of the treaty, I so far as the removal of the Indians is concer ned. They must go, or evil will come of it. I have in my possession various communica tions from officers and agents of the Govern ment, as well as other citizens, all going to sus i tain the fact that the Indians will not emigrate, so long as this man, Ross, continues to commu nicate (orcauses it to be done) that he is do ing, or expects to do something here to change the provisions of the treaty. From the begin ning, nothing but the fallacious hope that this treaty would not be strictly executed, has pre vented the Cherokee people from yielding to it with great unanimity. This subject is not now within the jurisdiction of Congress; it be longs to the Executive Government; and if this treaty fails of Execution, to that branch ol the Government I shall charge the failure, and shall use my best exertions to prevent the in terference of the Legislature—that branch of the Government to which I happen to be at tached. Bet all the combined powers of the Federal Government cannot abrogate or change this treaty without the consent of the States interested, and that consent will never be obtained. Honesty is said to bo the best policy: at any rate, hanesty is a duty.—Then let us not deceive, but save these people, by assuring them that the treaty will be executed. I will forbear, as before intimated, to make the motion to lay this memorial on the table, to afford to other gentlemen the privilege I have exercised myself, of submitting any remarks which they may have to make on this subject. I shall not, however, consent to give any oth er direction to this subject than that which 1 have suggested. On motion of Mr. Clay of Alabama, the whole subject was laid on the table—yeas 30, i nays 10. From the National Laborer. i THE CONSTITUTIONAL TREASURY. This great question is now and has been for some time past, before the American people. After the lapse of fifty years, they find them selves engaged in a struggle to restore that which Federal cunning and Bank rapacity I have deprived them of; and it remains to be proved, whether that struggle is to terminate ■ in the vindication of the Laws and Constitu i tion, or result in the overthrow of both, and the erection of a bank Oligarchy on the ruins of the Republic. We do not despair. There is a redeeming virtue in the mass on which we confidently rely, and although corporation power has corrupted and controls a large por tion of the press, a spirit of inquiry is abroad; truth must be elicited, and the plunderers of I society will in the end be consigned to the ex j ccration they merit. While the opposition prints are deceiving and misleading the com munity, reviling, abusing, and denouncing all who will not bow down and worship the “Al- I mighty Dollar,” it is lamentable to perceive ' the supineness and indifference that prevail on the part of certain Administration papers; ' whose duty it is, like faithful sentinels on the watch-tower of Liberty to warn the people of their danger. Can it be that the Demon of Avarice is in the ascendant, and that the Ge- i nius of Liberty shrinks before his blighting vi- 1 sage? Have we nothing to struggle for but J the rates of exchange, and the perpetuity of j shin-pl Asters? Had the heroes of’76 been go. verned by such selfish motives, we might still have been wearing the galling chains of Brit j ish tyranny. ; The connexion of Bank and State, is in ev ery view of it, quite as odious if not more per- I nicious than the Union of Church and State. While the latter was avoiding because of the fanatical persecuting and consuming spirit to which it would have given rise, tl e former ’ was equally dreaded by our wise forefathers, well knowing as they did, that every appeal to men’s sordid passions, was calculated to uproot society and shake the frame of Government to the centre. Neglecting to profit by their wis dom, we have allowed the evil to' take root; the tree has expanded and its branches now overspread the land. Let the people look to its ; correction ere it be too late. Hamilton, the Federalist, and to the last a ■ believer in .Monarchical Government, failing to engraft his aristocratic features on our Con. solution, original s his paper system—not doubting out that through its silent and imper- iCeptiblc inroads, Democracy would eventually 11 be overcome. While the friends of liberal i principles supposed that they had secured safe ty by defeating a “life Senate,” and effecting ] an election by tiie people of the Chief Magis- ; trateofthe Union, in the General Government; and by the abolishment of the law of Primoge | niture and entails on the State organization, • the enemy were diligently at work, in creating a power; that power which is now used for the few and the impoverishment of the many, which is a scourge to industry, the foe of lib. erty, and the canker to our moral and politi cal condition—Bank power. This power is in the hands of the few. Their object is gain—and to this they make all things tributary. Having possession of the “life blood” of the country, they can stop it or per mit it to flow at pleasure. Its arteries are at their command. It is lamentable but never theless true, that a great and mighty nation, inhabited by millions of men, calling them selves free, are in a state of degrading vassal age to some 800 or 1000 moneyed corpora tions. These, not content with abusing the trusts reposed in them, and (urged onward by that lust which is never satisfied) expanding to a fearful extent beyond their own means, now cry out for the people’s money—the money of the Government that they may still further pursue a career of speculation and fraud, with out a parallel in the history of civilized nations, and which has already polluted the country, and must, if permitted, end in total demorali zation. The constitutional Treasury is the first step towards the correction of this evil. It will de prive the monopolists of the money of the poo pie, by which heretofore they have the more extensively plundered the people. It will drive them back to their own resources, and operate as a wholesome check, preventing them from gambling in the business of the country; sav ing the really industrious and meritorious ar tizan, mechanic, merchant and all others, from the “panics and pressures” conceived and practiced by these heartless instruments for selfish and political purposes alone. Let eve ry friend to his country, every workingman who values his virtue, liberty, and independ ence, go for aand lasting separation ol Bank and State. WESTERN GEORGIAN- Rome, April 21, 1838, The following named gentlemen will act as Agents for the Western Georgian; Howell Cobb, Esq., of Athens, Georgia. E. M. Johnson, Esq., ®f Gainesville, do. S. Ripley, Esq., of Jefferson, do. A. Erwin, Esq., of Cumming, do. John S. Bell, Esq., of Spring Place, do. R. M. Aycock, Esq., of La Fayette, do. Turman Walthall, Esq., of Cedar Town, Paulding County, do. Leroy Pattillo, P. M. Monroe, do. Charles Murphey, of Decatur, do. Dr. Hugh Quin, Chattooga, Floyd coun ty, Georgia. Cherokee Affairs. We publish to-day, a communication from Gov. Gilmer to Col. Lixdsax, authorising him to receive the regiment raised by an act of the j last Legislature, for the “protection” of the citizens of the Cherokee Country, into the United Slates service. We also publish his orders to Col. Sam’l. Stewart. We wish our readers to compare these documents with the “letter of instructions” to Capt. W. F. Lewis, published in our last number. At a proper time we shall notice this subject in a manner which may not be very acceptable, either to Gov. Gilmer or his organ, the “Southern Re. corder.” We are not at all surprised that his Excel ency feels no partiality for the citizens of the Cherokee country. They are a little too de mocratic. The twenty.five hundred majority which they gave against him at the last elec , tion, is not very well calculated to secure them ■ Executive protection, even when the law re j quires it. Executive Department, ? 17th March, 1838. \ *To Col. William Lindsay: Sir— I send vou the orders which have been given to the Colonel of the Regiment which has been organized for the protection of the citizens of the Cherokee country in this State, and the removal of the Indians. You have already received a copy of the law under which this regiment has been rais ed, and understand the object of its organiza tion. I send you the names, commands and residence of its officers. You will avail yourself of the aid of the re giment, whenever the defence ol the citizens of the Cherokee counties, or the removal of the Indians may require their services, with out making any special requisition upon this Department. Its peculiar organization justi fies this course. The intimate knowledge of the country ano the Indians, possessed by the officers and men ofthe regiment, will make their assistance va- luable to you, if you find that force has Io he applied in removing the Indians. And, as they are very desirous of being em ployed in the service, I must request you will gratify them in this respect, whenever it can be done, in the proper discharge of your du ties. Very respectfully, Yours, tec., GEORGE R. GILMER. Head Quarters, ) Milledgeville, April sth, 1838. £ ORDERS. To Col. Samuel Stewart: It is the object of both the General and State Governments, to remove the Indians from the: State, so as to prevent their being excitercrWb commit acts of hostility. To ef fect this object, they must not be molested in their property or persons in any manner until after the twenty-fourth of May, if they keep quiet themselves. As little, or no danger is to be apprehended from the Indians until the time arrives for their removal, you will ber careful in the mean time, to investigate well any rumors of danger, and be assured of the hostile movements of the Indians, be fore you call out any portion of your regi ment. The regiment can only be called into the field by order of the Governor, unless the In dians assemble together suddenly under arms for some hostile purpose. In such emergen cy, you will immediately call into the field such force as may be necessary, to secure the people against threatened danger, provided the U* States forces are not in the neigbor hood, fully prepared to discharge that duty. You will inform the Governor immediately upon your making any movement with your regiment, and the reasons for it, if made without his order. When the danger shall have ceased upon your calling out any part of your regiment, the companies will be order ed to their homes, unless the Governor shall otherwise direct, or the officer in command of the U. States troops, shall muster them in to the U. States’ service. Whenever you order out your regiment, or any part of it, you will immediately in form Col. Lindsay, or whoever may be the commanding officer of the U. States troops in the Cherokee country, and place yourself under his command. The execution of the treaty by the remo val of the Indians, is the special duty of the Authorities of the General Government. You will therefore assist in effecting that ob ject, only when required by the U. States officer to whom its execution is entrusted by the President. Unless however, some change takes place in the conduct of the Indian chiefs, and the feelings of the common Indi ans, you may expect to be called on for that purpose very soon. The kind of service in which your regi ment will be engaged, renders it highly im t portant, that the most perfect discipline and good order shall be observed. # AH ill treat ment of the Indians, beyond the necessity of the service must be avoided, both on their ac count, and as necessary to the safety of the lives and property of our own citizens. I send you a copy of the orders already given to the Captains of the companies of the regiment, which you will consider directly to yourself, when applicable to your command. Havingbcen informed that the officers and men of the regiment, are very desirous of be i ing constantly and actively employed, I shall , authorize Col. Lindsay, to receive the regi ment into the U. States service, whenever the ’ suppression of hostilities on the part ol the ■ Indians —their removal from the State—and , the confidence and security of the citizens at their homes, will be aided by your being called to the field. You will acknowledge the receipt of these , orders by letter, and inform me to what place communications for you shall be directed. GEORGE R. GILMER. • All the Cherokee Enrolling Agents have been discharged, (with the exception of the one stationed at Calhoun) by Gen. Smith, Su. ■ perintendent &c. The Cherokees arc public i ly notified that the terms of the treaty of 1835 ■ will be rigidly enforced. We know that there arc men of intelligence belonging to this tribe now in Georgia. To them we appeal. They i can exert an influence if they will, which will not only secure the lives of many of their bre thren, but the future prosperity oftheir people. The general policy of the Government, in relation to those Indians who have waged war against it, has been of a character calculated to produce serious results in this section. In the Black Hawk, as well as in the Creek and 1 Seminole wars, the ring-leaders, after having I done all the mischief they could, were permit ; ted to avail themselves of the high advantages which has ever characterized its negotiation with the aborigines. The Cherokees know this, and having their malignant feelings kept alive by the obstinate opposition of Ross to the : treaty, what is to prevent them from engaging in a few weeks campaign, committing all those attrocilies which mark Indian warfare, and then “come in,” and consent to go West. Let our citizens look to it, and be prepared for ap proaching events. Communication. Mr. Editor:—lt must be deeply interesting to the people of Georgia, to know that tho work on the Main Trunk Rail Road, passing from the Chattahoochee River through the whole Cherokee country, to some point at*or near Rossville, is now in rapid progress. TheJ Rail Road from the Southern termini to point near Cassville, a distance of fifty miles, ■, is now under complete contract. And from J the acknowledged responsibility of the under- 1 takers, the public may be assured that the terprize will advance to its completion. The public has done little more than erect” castles of air, on the subject of Internal Im provements, and the people of this State, until recently, have been behind most of their coun trymen. But the energy, vigor and enterprize of the present Board of Commissioners appoin ted to superintend this public work, has redee med the character of the State from the re proaches heretofore sojustly merited, from our sloth and indolence on this subject. It is with pleasure that 1 record this testimonial of praise to the commissioners for their public acts,since I have the pleasure of knowing them intimate ly; and believe that the public service could not have been more certainly advanced, by tho appointment of any other men in Georgia. Much is also due to Col. Long, the principal Engineer, for the rapid advancement of this enterprize. The subject of Internal Improve ment by Rail Road, has been a subject of much reflection with me for a number of years; and, within my knowledge the same diligence, in dustry and enterprize has never been brought to bear on any other project of the kind.— Within the short space of twelve months, this 'distinguished Engineer has accomplished more than ever was done before under the same cir cumstances. Indeed, the people of Georgia and of this country especially, arc indebted to ! him more than to any fortuitous circumstance', for the establishment ol this Rail Road. 'Pho i state of Georgia, instead of being in the wake of her sisters, presents the pleasing spectacle to her friends, of taking the lead of the whoh of them. And for this we are indebted to Col. ; Long, the principal Engineer, and lhe present r. , Board of Commissioners. GEORGIA. TAKING THE LEAD. Mr. Biddle promised lo take the lead in re sumption. Il now seems difficult even to force him to follow. We are glad, however, to find, on the authority of the New York coadjutor for the Washington Bank print, the National In telligencer, '.hat he has reconsidered his rcso. lotion to hold out. against specie payments. The Intelligencer of this morning gives us this intimation of Mr. Biddle’s intentions: “Philadelphia must follow New York, it is thought, in the resumption of specie payments. Mr. Biddle, at least, for the benefit of his cred it in Europe; and though many think the imi tation will be a great injury to the commerce and trade ofthe country yot, he is hardly left to take his choice; and of his ability, in com. parison with other banks, there is no doubt.” Mr. Biddle, “for the benefit of his credit in Europe is “hardly lejt to take his choice”! ! Poor man ’ In the midst of a lucrative trade —first making a heavy per cent, on the dis. credited Southern paper by exchanging the old bank paper for it, and then converting the notes ofthe Southern banks into cotton, which he afterwards converts into specie abroad he is stopped short by the obstinacy of the New York merchants and bankers, who think that the old fashioned way of dealing is the best; that there is no sound commerce without sound money; that honesty is the best policy, and that Mr. Biddle ought not to have a li cense to trade without it. Still Mr. Biddle thinks it “will be a great injury to the com merce and trade of the country,” if he is pre vented from having a monopoly of the cotton market through the issues of the defunct bank of the United States; yet, rather than loose his credit in Europe, be will sacrifice the interests of this country !!— Extra Globe. LAUGHING ON THE WRONG SIDE. Upon the passage of the reform bill in the Senate, the Intelligencer told the following factious story; “Some years ago, a rumor having got abroad that the Bank of glasgow was in dan ger of breaking, an old shopkeeper, who had a small sum on deposite, hastened to the Bank to draw his money out. The teller counted out the amount in the notes of the bank, which the old fellow carefully deposited in his bree ches pocket and buttoned up—then, slapping his hand on it, said, ‘Noo, dom ye! break as soon as ye please.’ “Ces“ Vide the Sub-Treasury bill, (with its iron safes for locking up the notes of tho banks which Uncle Sam dare not trust for a penny,) for a similar instance of wise cau-. tion.” After laughing two days heartily at thia pretty jest, the grave Senators who voted; permission to the Secretary of the Treasury Ito receive bank paper instead of specie, if At