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WIB WWWW Vol. I. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING BY SAHEL S- JACK. Terms. Three Dollars per annum,in six months or four Dol lars nt the expiration of the year S “ b3Cr ‘g^ B out of the State, will be expected in all cases to pay advance. No subscription received for less than one year, unless the money is paid in advance; ana no paper will be discontinued until all arrearges are paid, ex cept at the option of the Publisher. Persons request ing a discontinuance of their Papers, arc requested to bear in mind a settlement of their accounts. Advertisements will be inserted at the usual rates; when the number of insertions is not specified, they will be continued until ordered out. (LT Alt. Letters to the Editor or Publisher, on matters connected with the establishment, must be Post Paw in order to secure attention. KT Notice of the sale of Land and Negroes, by Administrators, Executors or Guardians, must be pub lished sixty days previous to the day of sale. JT The sale of Personal Property, in like manner, must be published forty days previous to the day of sale. XT Notice to Debtors and Creditors of,an Estate, must bo published forty days. QT Notice that Application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for Leave to sell Land and Negroes, must be published four months. [JT Notice that Application will bo made for Let ters of Administration, must be published thirty days and Letters of Disuii sioii, six months. 3T For AdvorttHing—Letters of Citation, $~ Ja ifTNoiice to Debtors and Creditors, (40 days,) 3 Four Month Notices, . J Sales of Personal Property by Executors, Adminis trators or Guardiens, ' Salos of Land or Negroes by do. Application for Letters of Dismission, 4 ou Other Advertisements will be charged 75 cents for every teirteen lines of small type, (or space equi. valent,) first insertion, and 50 cents lor each weekly continuance. If published every other week, G2J cts. for each continuance. If published onco a month it will be charged each time as a new advertisement. For a single insertion one Dollar per equate. INTERNAL 1M PROV EM ENT. Cjentbaij Ratl Road.—lt is always a source of exultation to dwell on the improve ments, which progressing under our own eye nttd on our own soil, cannot full to exalt us in our own estimation and in that of others. With the pride of Georgians we hailed the efforts of the Gworgia Rail Road Company to benefit by Internal Improvement a large por- i tion of the people of Georgia. That pride I was increased w hen the survey of the country between Savannah and Macon annbumced the I practicability of a compartivt ly cheap road, promising, when completed, to the citizens of middle Georgia all the advantages which a choice of markets affords, and at the same , time appealing to all their pride of state to | prefer a commercial intercourse with n peo ple, more akin in feeling, if not in interest. 1 We need not do more than extend our vis ion across the river which alternately leaves the shores of S. Carolina and Georgia, and wo behold a State smaller in territory, ahead of us in the great work of Internal Improve ment, simply because to the talent invoked there was united one spirit—no mind on the part of her citizens, urging on the ball which first received an impetus from the exertions of a few. Tlrat spirit has been so diffused throughout the state as to connect, in antici pation, the seaport of S. Carolina with the capital of distant Ohio. Their unanimity of spirit, and of action wo admire—but we must not be lost in admira tion. As Georgians, we should pause and ask ourselves —are we united—aro we one in spirit and in action? Have we that pride which refuses to witness other states outstrip us in enterprise, anil a commercial city in another state, enriched at the expense ol ma ny of our citizens. Wo are satisfied such pride exists, and as soon as it is evident to our citizens in the in terior that the seaports of Georgia are strain ing every nerve to recover lost ground,—-lost for a time only,—a proper spirit on their part will be developed, which, by linking the cast and the West, the northern and southern per tions of Georgia, will constitute her the em pire state of the Atlantic south, and her own “Savannah” if not the Queen, the commercial Empress of the south. With a phalanx of Georgia hearts, panting in the race for state supremacy, with their enthusiasm properly directed, their industry and zeal will unlock the rich wealth ol their stale, and diffusing it throughout her borders, build up and enrich her own cities, while the valleys of the interior will bloom in fertility. But by the* space allowed us we are re minded that our remarks must bo less discur sive. We merely intended to say that eighty tniles of the Central Rail Road, although un der contract, are not yet finished. Twenty. V»ree miles only are, as yet, travelled by 10. nomouve and sixty.five graded. 1000 tons iron purchased by the company, is on the |ead and will construct thirty.three mites. tons more have been ordered to arrive before the first of June, which will be iron sufficient to build all the road, as yet, under contract. The contracts for the timber and laying the superstructure keep pace with the contracts for grading. The contracts both for grading and superstructure are engaged with great zeal, and every thing progresses profitably. The number of laborers under the various contractors exceeds 500- These facts exhibit a flattering progress in 17 months, the first spade having been planted in the soil the latter part of October, 1836. The road in its route, will pass through the county of Burke, crossing the Ogechee river in the county of Jefferson, and will thence proceed about Williamson’s swamp as far as “the double bridges.” Beyond these the lo cation of the road is not determined, although several surveys between these bridges and Macon have been made. A party of surveyors under Mr. Coyle, as sistant engineer has recently started for Ma con, with the intention of surveying the country between the Oconee and Ocmulgce fivers. One word as to the speed on the road. If our Milledgeville friends will visit us, our word for it, that the “Georgia,” and “Ten nesse” will carry them, if they wish, more than 21 miles an hour.” But indulging a hope of soon giving them a ride, we without further parley, introduce them (through their editorials) to our readers. Savannah Georgian. From the Federal Union. It is truly gratifying to us to learn that this road is rapidly progressing. We are in formed that eighty miles or more are already finished, and are now travelled daily by steam cars going at the rate of not less than 21 miles an hour. If the information wc get be true, in rela tion to the hands employed and tho energy of the superintendants us this road, it cannot be very long before the whole road will be com pleted from Savannah to Macon. Who can now doubt the practicability of the noble enterprise, and who will not have his State pride augmented, at the thought that there arc now hopes which arc well foun ded, as to Georgia’s presenting to her own citizens and to the people us the west advan tages as to Rail Road conveyance, and a com mercial seaport fur their products—surpassed by none on the Southern coast, from Norfolk to New Orleans. Tho natural advantages of Savannah combined with the facilities this Rail Road will add tojier commercial impor tahce, cannot fail to resuscitate her prosper ity, and we may safely conjecture that new energy and vigor will be imparted to the com mercial character of this city, so long ncglec ied. To this city Georgia, at present may look for the important benefits to be derived from the internal improvements now making in the State. Whilst the people of the South by Con ventions and the like are devising measures to retain at home that portion of the commerce of the country to the benefit of which the South is entitled, may wc not look with some confidence to Georgia’s works of internal im provements, and her superior advantages over the States adjoining, as an inducement for her being made a beneficiary us the commercial transactions of the South. This Rail Road when finished, must cause Savannah’s slumber as to trade to be shaken off, her energies revived, and her diverted commerce to be turned to its proper channel. Georgia will be no longer so dependent on the ports of other States for an outlet for her products, and a place for the reception of her numerous commodities for consumption. Her merchants will no longer be compelled to sub mit to the discounts and difference in exchange now paid by them, upon the funds of their State, equally good as those of the States in which they are necessitated to make their purchases and their payments. WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAIL ROAD. We learn from a highly intelligent and re spectable gentleman who lately passed along the line of this road about lo be constructed by the Slate, the fol lowing summary of facts: In conformity with the advertisements pre viously published by the Commissioners, they, on the 7th of this instant, put under contract, fitly-two miles of this road, commencing in the county of DeKalb, eight miles south of the Chattahoochee river, and extending thro Cobb into Cass c '.mty, two or three miles be yond Etowah river. These contracts are for excavation and em bankment, but not for masonry or bridges. The contractors are about twenty in number, and the contracts a shade higher than the en gineer laid before the last Legislature. The whole of the embankments and excavations on this portion of the road are now under contract to he completed by the 4th of July, 1839. We are assured that for persevering industry, responsibility and character, no road was ever placed in the hands of superior men. It is confidently slated that this is the heaviest and most extensive set of contracts W isdonij Justice, an d Moderation. ROME, FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA, MAY 5, 1838. ever entered into at one time, on any public work in the United States, and yet not a doubt is expressed of every contract being comple ted by the time agreed on. To the commissioners is due and should be awarded that credit which promptitude and ability in the discharge of their duties so justly entitled them; but this takes nothing from the praise which justice must award to the Engineer’s Department. The traveller who has passed the Chattahoochee river at Mont gomery’s ferry, and proceeded to Cassville, by the main road, has seen the field through which this great work is projected. The deep ravines, huge hills, mountain ridges, and large rivers which have to be passed, from obstacles, which, at an early day, would have been pronounced wholly insurmountable. The plans by which the overcoming of these obstacles have been projected, have been ma tured with great labor, and (if we might give an opinion) consummate skill. The deepest cut through the earth in the construction of this road, will be at the Allatoona mountain, the lessened but yet formidable barrier, known further north, as the Alleghany. This ridge is eighty.six feet above the highest point of the road, and may require, for a short distance, to be perforated with a tunnel* The highest bridge will cross a small stream near the Chattahoochee, at an elevation of one hundred and twenty feet. No fear is entertained, that the masonry or bridges on this road, will progress slower than the other part of the work. The masonry is unusually light, and the bridges, though somewhat ex tensive, are all practicable and safe. The materials for both abundant and of good qual ity. We shall not, we trust, be thought to do injustice to any of his co-laborcrs, by refer ring to the beautiful display of drawing and penmanship performed by Mr. Stockton, one of the assistant engineers, for the infor mation of contractors. The road was laid off into sections of about one mile, on eveiy hundred feet of which, an exact calculation had to be made of the cubic yards of excava tion or embankment it would require, and of the grade of ascent or descent on which the road was to run. Stakes stuck into tho ground along the road, exhibited in plain pain ted figures the result of the calculations. But Mr. Stockton had with great labor and art thrown together on a map some ten feet in length, the whole of this information in one view. On the same plan was exhibited the extent and position of the bridges, depth of excavations and height of embankments —and we have no doubt other and essential infor mation overlooked or forgotten; for wo Ought not to conceal the fact that no examination of these beautiful plans was made with an inten tion of commentary in regard to them. If therefore we have committed any error we trust it will be excused. But we were so struck with the beauty of the drawings and the exactness of the information they display ed that we could not do justice to our feelings without bestowing on them this notice. Federal. Union. MAMMOTH DONES. In the excavation of the Brunswick and Altamaha Canal, there has been discovered, | about five miles from this place, a large de posit of bones of extraordinary size, and in a remarkable state of preservation. Several vertebrre, of eight inches in transverse diame ter, have been discovered. Teeth, of which the top is nine inches in the longer diameter and five inches in breadth, and about as large as a man’s hat, have also been excavated. These were evidently of a smalcr character. There have been found also, smaller teeth of more solid structure, with pointed crowns, and apparently belonging to some carnivorous an imal. Portions of large tusks have also been excavated, of the perfect structure of ivory. I These last were much crumbled, but to judge , by the size of the circles marked in the ivory, ■ the original diameter of the tusks could not ' have been less than ten or twelve inches. It I is probable that the principal deposit of bones ■ has scarcely been reached as yer, though sev eral cart loads have been excavated, all that I have yet been discovered were within six feel l of tlu» surface. They fie mostly embedded in a blue clay. Thus far they have not been , uncovered with care, and no notes haye been taken of the relative position in which the different species of bones have been found. , In future the excavation will proceed with ' the attention due to the discovery of such curiosities. We behove they are the first of ' the kind that have been found in Georgia, j Specimens will be forwarded to scientific so ! cieties, and we wait the result of their exam | i nation with great interest. In the salt marshes upon the shores of our I bay are found, at the depth o» from six to fii * teen feet, frequent roots and stumps of the i cypress—a tree which grows only in fresh marshes. May it not bo, that the Altamaha once discharged its waters at this port, and that in the convulsion of nature which chan ged its bed—removing it twelve miles to the northward, these giant animals were destroyed and embedded together, having sought for security what was then the highest point of land?— Brunswick advocate. The Steam Frigate, tec.—From a let ter in the Baltimore Patriot, with the New York date of 26th March, we make this ex tract:—lb. The courtesy of Capt- Perry, U. S. N. brother to the immortal hero of same name, enabled me by a short cruise in the frigate Fulton, on Thursday to appreciate the value of u steam battery. One thousand tons burthen, propelled by engines capable of exerting nine hundred horse power, moving at the rate of 14 knots an hour, presenting a small surface above water to hostile cannon, armed with six 68 pounders, and enabled by the distance at which she can hull an enemy, without exposure to a return fire, she is invaluable in harbor defence, and if the system is carried out, will render useless further expenditures on fortifications. Her engines are perfect—no vibratory jar from the tremendous propelling force, and a child with his feeble arm turned a crank, which ill an instant arrested the progress of this moving leviathan, and brought her to re pose in perfect stillness. Tho Macedonian Frigate get under way with us, and we towed her round the shoals with the case of a canoe, and described a cir cle within our own length. The science displayed by her young engi neers was most gratifying. Midshipmen, just entering the service of their country, are en abled by discipline and experience, imparted by her accomplished commander, to regulate and control this mighty mass, and in no posi tion can our gallant naval officers of all grades be better employed than in this service. A few months imparts knowledge and ex perience, and when twenty additional steam batteries of.increased size, say 1500 tons each, arc constructed, our sea coast will be invul nerable. One painful incident marred the pleasure of our excursion. Just ns we were sitting down to dinner, Capt. Perry sent to invite the surgeon—the orderly answered, a man had cut his arm —request him to bear a hand, as wc are waiting for him—the man’s arm is not quite off yet, but will be in a few minutes. The humane feelings of the Captain promp ted him to repair to the cock-pit and cheer the poor fellow under the operation, assuring him that a full pension would provide for the comforts of his future life—and he, thanking God that his right arm was still left, cheer fully submitted to the operation. His left had been caught in the towing rope, and was shat tered to fragments. The beautiful ship Levant lays in the stream. She is one of the largest class of sloops of war—constructed under the super vision of our gallant townsmen, Commodore Ridgley, with all tho modern improvements, and is a perfect model of Naval Architecture, of which the nation may be proud. “Conundrum extra. —Why don’t the Bank of the United States of Pennsylvania resume specie payment? D’ye give it up? ’ Because a large portion of her specie has been ! turned into silver plates and dishes for Mr. Biddle and his friends to -dine off.—Do you doubt it, worthy friend! if so call at Fletcher’s, in Chesnut street, Philadelphia, and you may there sec such a sight as you never before beheld—a tabic several yards in length, com pletely covered with, a service of solid silver —immense salvers, some of which a weak arm would find it difficult to lift; upwards of a hundred and fifty pieces, costing above twenty thousand dollars— a sum equal to a perpetual annuity, better even than a ground rent ofi twelve hundred dollars a year.—What think ye, ye vulgar shapes of clay—ye who dine off common earthen ware! Has t it Nicholas I reason to be proud of his bank? Reflect for a moment upon the facts as they are. The worthy President sits down to dinner; a smile lights up his pleasant face; inexpressible sat isfaction sparkles in his eye. What causes it? Ah! bis vision rests upon the inscription deeply graven in the silver dishes. “Presen ted. by the Stockholders of the Bank of the I ailed States to Nicholas Biddle, in commem oration of his faithful services and devotion to their interests, and of his having established the best currency in the world.” Reader this is no dream; there is no ideal glory in this: 1 the real, substantial, solid stuff is at the bot . tom of it. Upon that dinner table, in the shape of silver utensils, is as much in value, producing no value but gratification to the eye, or nourishment to the vanity of its own er, as w<wild give a dinner, at a dollar a head, to twenty thousand men: as at the same price, would feast twelve hundred persons annually forever. In other words, the table of Nicho las BiddD, President of the Bank of the Uni ted States, independent of the price of the food placed upon it, pays a yearly rent of twelve hundred dollars, and this, too, at a time when the friends of the man to whom this ! gift is made are crying out “hard times”— I “ruined merchants”-impovcrished mechanics” “starving laborers;” and at a time, too, when the bank which thus heaps tho dinner table of its President with massive silver vessels to eat and drink from, positively, in violation of all obligation and all law, refuses to furnish any thing but paper to redeem its promises and liabilities* We are fond of viewing things by contrast, they are thus seen in the most striking light; and with such a view be fore us, we ask, can any thing be more stri k*ng> than to take a peep at Nicholas Biddle sitting down to dinner, at a table groaning und r the burthen of twenty thousand dollars worth of silver, presented to him by the stok nolders of the bank, at a moment when the same Bank refuses to pay out a single silver hfeilar to redeem its notes, which it has prom ised to pay in coin.”—A 7 . I r . Sun. 11 Facilities to the amount of fifteen or twen ty millions!” “Facilities!” What means the word? If 20 per cent., charged on the depreciated price of cotton be 'facilities then, indeed, has Mr. Biddle “given” them. He has made the Southwestern banks discredit their own paper to sustain his, and as an ad ditional premium, got possession of their for eign bills drawn on the shipments, and sold them at a premium in New York and Phila delphia—while the planter has borne the whole burden. His “ confidential agent in England” looked rather to the interests of the bank, as a great cotton bill holder, than to the “com mercial and pecuniary interests of the coun try.” Wc should like to see a full and fair statement of the nett profits he realized last year on these shipments of cotton. It might serve to open the eyes of the Southwestern banks and People to the miserable folly of placing themselves at the mercy of a huge moneyed monopoly in Philadelphia. But why enlarge bn the subject? The very fact here announced, showing tho control of twenty millions in the hands of one man, coupled with the fatal fluctuations of the cur rency incident to this perverted system, ought to be sufficient of themselves to show the staple States, the disastrous consequences of their dependence. If such things do not a rouse the public mind in the South, nothing will. And yet there are men—Representa tives from the South and Southwest, so intent on tho acquisition of political power—so obe dient to the dictation of ambitious aspirants— that they will, reckless of consequences, vote to revive the connection between the Govern ment and the banks, —though they must see, if not from reason, certainly from experience —that the benefits of such connection must enure to the Northern banks exclusively; thus doubly increasing their means of oppress ing the South? Tremendous as is their power already, they W'ouldadd to it the whole weight and influence of the Government credit! Are their constituents so blind as not to see—or so imbecile as not to resent such conduct. Washington Chronicle. opinion is daily gaining ground that Biddle’s opposition to a resumption in May, is owing to a total inability on the part of the United States Bank to resume. In other words Nicholas Biddle is bankrupt and cannot pay, find his opposition to the resuming banks is owing to this fact. Ilis letter declar ing the resumption inexpedient, has produced considerable excitement, and has opened the eyes of many, heretofore friendly to the Penn sylvania institution, to its true condition. The sooner the fire brand of faction blows up the better for the country and for the people. Nicholas Biddle once asked “when the peni tentiary would reclaim its fugitives?” referring to those pure statesmen connected with the administration of General Jackson. We tell him the “penitentiary” will reclaim its own, when the man who issued millions upon mill ions of dead notes of a defunct bank, knowing at the time they never would be redeemed, is snugly secured. Then the penitentiary will have reclaimed its fugitive! _ THE BANK CONVENTION. The New York Courier & Enquirer, ol the 13th instant says: —A Committee of one from each State was yesterday appointed, to whom the whole subject *of resumption w^ 8 referred. The Committee consisted of A. Ware, D. H. Treadwell, Wm. Richmond, Albert Gallatin, J. Carruthers, J. B. Morns, J. Brockenbrough, J. F. D. Lamer, Martin Thomas, George T. Hodges, Philip Marrett, Asa Bacon, Silas Condit, Jos. Baily, J- I. i Van Ness, Duncan Cameron, John Delafield, J. J. Hughes. The Committee will report this morning. We understand that it has decided, by a vote ! of 13 to 5, to report in favor of the appoint ment of a dav for the general resumption. The number of delegates who have taken seats in the Convention are 143. Maine 1, Pennsylvania 2, Vermont 0, Maryland 6, New Hampshire 1, District ol Columbia 2, Massachusetts 24, Virginia 4, Rhode Island 9, North Carolina 1, Connecti cut 24, Indiana 1, N. York 40, Mississippi 2, New Jersey 11, Illinois 2, Delaware 3, Missou ri 1. AO 16.