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Wffil WSSfIM OBSBCOTAKL 'w v ’fegp' \l - *w§k wssa nI Q? Vol. I. PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING BY SAHEL S- JACK. Terns*- Three Dollars per annum,ip six months or four Dol lars at the expiration of the year Subecribers living out of the State, will be expected in all cases to pay in •advance. No subscription received for loss than one year, unless the money is paid in advance; and no paper •will be discontinued until all arrearges are paid, ex cept nt the option of the Publisher. Persons request ing a discontinuance of their Papers, are requested to lienr in mind a settlement of their accounts. Advertisements will be inserted nt the u c uat rates; ■when the number of insertions is not specified, they will be continued until ordered out. Q.T All Letters to the Editor or Publisher, on matters connected, with the establishment, must be Post Paid in order to secure attention. JT Notice of tho sale of Land and Negroes, by Administrators, Execuiora or Guardians, must be pub lished sixty days previous to the day of safe. (ET The sale of Personal Property, in like manner, Mint bo published wiTr ».<»« previous to the day of •ale. UT Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate, ■must bo published forty days. fJT Notice that Application will he made to the Court of Ordinary for Leave to sell Land and Negroes,, must be pubuehed four months. IT Notice that Application will be made for Let tors <»f Administration, must be published thirty days and Letters of Dismission, six months. IT For Advertising—Letters of Citation, §2 7t» UTNotioe to Debtors and Creditors, (40 days,) 3 25 Four Month Notice#, 4 00 Sales of personal Property by Executive, Adminis trator* or Uuardiens, 3 25 Sales ofLand or Negroes by do. 4 75 Application for Letters olDismission, 4 50 Other Advertisements will be charged 75 cents for every thirteen lulun of s nail type, (or enace equi. Valent,) first insertion, rind 50 cents I r each wo< kly continuance. If published every other week, 62J cis. for cadi continuance. If published ,once a month it will bo charged each tim« m a new advertisement. For a single insertion one Dollar per square. From the Kentucky and Ohio Journal. CLAY AND IUS CABINET’’ We extract the following from the Wash ington correspondence of the “OAm States man.”—What will the friend* of General IJurrwon say to this? his a burning shame, ; soil its, lor the friends of Glny and Webster | and Adams, to treat tho old gentleman so ; scurvtly. They might let him have it four , years as Im generously offered to by content ’with so short u term, so they might!—But, they won’t, wo ore sure they won’t! hard, heurtod knaves. Well, it only proves that the general has experienced before in relation to his military services, that Republics are Ungrateful. And then, General Jackson, wade the Whigs and Federalists such an ex cellent president’ we wonder they are disin. dined to try another hero! What does our young friend C * * * who some timo ago chib orated so prettily on Ins romantic “wies," of •western presidents, (beginning with Tippeca doc,) think of this airy castle now! Or what does our worthy friend G * * * * think of his mission to England? And how wo do sym pathise with "Judas of Springdale!” How cruel to blight his young hopes so soon! —But do tell us what office he expected. Ho is, we I believe, a clover man, but a most unfortunate ‘ politician. Observe! tho Congressional caucus ticket ! below ia imperfect. It wants a Secretary at War. Now rnerk if they do not intend to ; insult tho hero of Tippecanoe by offering him that bureau.— They have bought off Webster I ■with the premiership—but wo guess they will find that heroes are not made of such pene trable stuff ’ But only think of their au loci, ty to nominate Nicholas Cottonbags for Sec. • retary of the Treasury.—And the magnan imous Mr. Graves of Kentucky, it seems, ! is chairman of their executive committee. I This gladiator is to work the wires.—Whore, 1 pray, is the gentleman whom he so lately whitewashed? where is gentleman Webb, and what part is he to enact’ They ought not to be separated—such loving friends!! And where is the notorious “Spy?" the worthy biographer of Burr—the slanderer of Jcffer-1 son? He, it seems, is to bo put nt the head of! the government press—Gales and Seaton have become obsolete-—mere "milk and water!” { 1 hey do not suit the times nor the dramatic corps. Davis the “srx” will suit them better 1 and there is a congruity and fitness in all ' things. If it were not for the outrageous injustice' that this arrangement does to—whose heart ’ seems set upon the wh.te house, (and it is such a pitty to disappoint him after running so well before) we should not be much displeased at the result of this caucus. We now under-, stand (seeing Mr. Preston's name) the com.; bmation between Clay ana FVebster m the debate vpnn tl-.e Independent Treasury bill tn destroy Mr. Calhoun. And we understand, too, why Mr. Biddle is opposed to the resump, tton of specie payment*. “The supporters of Mr. Clay for the Pres. idency, are so dissatisfied with the milk and water course, as they cal! it, of the National Intelligencer, that they are determined no longer to postpone the publication of a new and more zealous organ. The money, or as much as may be supposed necessary, is now in bank, and tho only obstacle in the way is the procuring of a competent editor. I’ren tice refused long since. It was offered to Webb, but the general detestation in which he is held for his late conduct, has rendered him no longer available. Davis the notorious “Spy in Washington,” at present holds the fender of the office, and his assent is expected. He is not only in the confidence of- the party, but is constantly seen walking “cheek by jowl,” arm in arm, with Mr. Clay himself. “The whole campaign is to be conducted, in chief, by a Congressional caucus, the exec olive committee of which is composed of Mr. Graves of Kentucky, Mr. Philips of Massa chusetts, and Air. Curtis of New York. The last new ticket which is lying before me in print, and is being franked throughout the country, to safe persons, is as follows: For President of the U. S. HENRY CLAY of KENTUCKY, For Vice President, WILLIAM C. PRESTON, of S. C. For Secretary op the Treasury, NICHOLAS BIDDLE. For Secretary of State, DANIEL WEBSTER. For Secretary of the Navy, SAMUEL. L. SOUTHARD. Postmaster General, THOMAS EWING or OHIO, “If I am not mistaken, in my first letter to ■ you last winter, it was mentioned that such a picket as that of Clay and Preston was in i agitation.—lt was printed at one of the offi ces in this District yesterday, for the first ■ time, and is being franked confidentially to discreet and proper persons in all parts of the , country. Should the responses be favorable, 1 the new paper will hoist the coalesced flag— i tariff ami anti-tariff, latitudinariaw and strict ! construction, Northern manufacturers and j Southern interests, bank and anti.bank, slave- i ry and Abolition- Texas and anti-Texas, &c. ‘ &<j.. Clay now considers himself secure both of the West and North, having joistled Harrison and bullied off Webster, all he wants is to create a disaffection in the South, and then success is certain. "Nous verrons,” as friend R. says.” P. From the Washington Globe. OPPOSITION IN MISSISSIPPI. A letter from a gentleman of high standing (connected with tho Courts of Mississippi) gives a simple matter-of-fact statement of the condition of things there, which most power fully exhibits the difference between the bankruptcy of planters and of merchants. ' Tho Mississippi planters are torn up by the i roots—their families scattered—their horses. : ttnd other means of making a crop, borne off I by tho sheriff; and their lands, and every household comfort, all swallowed up, by con fiscating lawsuits. The Josephs, and such like, fail in Wall street; they close their doors; their money dealing is nil covered up in the mystery of tho credit system; they pay their creditors for millions, with some shil- I lings in the pound, sinking a handsome com- ; mission iu their pockets on every debt they i discharge, by half or quarter payment; in the ' mean time, living in affluence, and saving a , snug capital lor a fresh start after the pressure in tho money market has passed. Such is the indulgence of merchant creditors to each other. What a contrast such mercantile fail- ; urea make with the gloomy picture presentee, in Mississippi, tho consequence of bank ex- ’ pensions and explosions’ Extract from a letter to a member of Congress' from a friend in Mississippi. “The times are truly alarming here. Ma ny planters are entirely stripped of negroes and horses by the marshal or sheriff; and to add to our other difficulties, our bank paper is getting worse every day. We cannot get , plantation supplies for less than double New Orleans prices, with our money. Suits are multiplying—two thousand five hundred in : the United States Circuit Court, and three ' thousand eight hundred in Hinds County Court. Silver is demanded, and our citizens threaten I violence and bloodshed. We are in a bad ■ situation. The Union Bank is just going into i operation,and much is expected from it in pay ' tng off our foreign debt. Whether it can an swer public expectation, time alone cun prove, ’ but I fear it cannot. Thu board are prudent, and will not endanger the credit of the State.” These few lines sum up the history of bank , i abuses. In 1810. in 1826, and in ’1836-417. | the Bunk of the United States set the spirit of ; speculation on fire. The twenty million im-j I pulse which the great Regulator gave to the ! j State banks at the moment it pretended it was ■ about to close its concerns, has wrought an im ; mense run. The State Banks were the more easily induced to pursue the career of money Wis d<> in , J msti ce, and Modira tio n. ROME, FLOYO COUNTY, GEORGIA, JUNE 5, 1838. J making to which this example ii>/ited, as they 1 supposed the giant was about ro expire, and Heave the harvest an ifheivlance to them. How fatally has this tope been blighted. The crops of AlississipPj the business of the State Banks, and mcr/hants, have all fallen , into a sort of mortmh'n. The dead notes of the old bank have usurped the office of the issues of the Mississippi banks, and they will no longer buy commodities on the mar kets Os New Orlc-ans, or pay debts at home. Nerly 7000 suits are brought to the courts sitting in Hindscounty, and for millions!!— not of paper, l.ut of gold and silver. These debts were made when paper currency, chep ened by an extraordinary expansion, was the criteriah of value. They are now demanded in gold and silver, when the extinction of the paper, as a tender for debts, has doubled the value of currency, cheapened staples in an equal proportion, and absolutely destroyed all demand for real property, making it a sacrifice at the will of creditors. The banks, for the most part, are these creditors, and now they will swallow up the real and personal proper-1 ty of borro'.vuis, to enrich the stockholders; and usurers, busy in shaving their notes. And yet the banks ask relief, and get tine! from the Government, while—if we nny j judge from tho innumerable suits brought—! they give no time to their debtor/. They tre; strong enough to set aside the law, and hold: off their creditors, but they drag down their i debtors in the courts of law. The scene in j Mississippi is but u repetition of that enacted: by tho Bank of the United States in Kentuc.l ky in 1819. The Legislature attempted to ■ g.ve the people relief by replevin laws. All I that the people wanted was time to exert their! industry, and bring back prosperity by means ( growing out. of their soil. The usurers, their ; creditors, would have their bonds cancelled when property was sunk to one-tenth of its j value compared with the period when the; debts were incurred; and when cancelled by property at such prices, the debt was, in fact,! paid ten times over. This is the consequence I ol bank distension and compression. The man who agrees to pay so many dollars at a fixed period, in paving the nominal sum may, in fact, pay ten times the amount in value, by unanticipated appreciation in the curreucj*- In Kentucky, the attempt to ob'iatethis injustice by giving time to the debtor, on his furnishing adequate security, was set aside by the court as a violation of the obligation of contracts. This was done in favor of the United States Bank party in Kentucky, with Mr. Clay at its head: ho appearing himself as its attorney in all its suits, and suing in his, ow n name the Bank of Kentucky, during its: suspension, for ten thousand dollars in a sin-; gle case, and forcing it to sacrifice its debtors to his rapacity by surrendering their notes,' given during the expansion, to be turned into! ingots of gold. In this process, the best of; estates were melted down to pay a debt which a single year’s product would have sufficed : to satisfy in ordinary times. Mr. Clay and his Shylock friends (the Bank and others) preached up principle and a secreted regard tor the Constitution, as ren dering necessary the abrogation of the relief laws. Patient endurance of the utmost rigor was the lesson taught to the victims of Bank j temptation in Kentucky then, as it is now in Mississippi. But how is it now in Kentucky, where the banks want relief? Mr. Clay’s friends in the last Legislature forgot the Constitution and the obligation of contracts, for the sake ol the banks. By their charters, the banks failing to redeem their notes in specie were j bound to pay at tho rate of twelve per cent.' per annum, as interest, on all sums demanded on notesand not paid. This was their stipu lation m consideration of their privileges. ■ This was the agreed indemnity io be paid to die injured note.holder who could not get his promised money on the bank note. But] this solemn charier obligation, made a part of, the very being of' the banks, was repealed by Mr. Clay’s friends at the last session, and the contract in behalf of the community annull ed’ From lhe Ba'-timore American. NORTH-WEST PASSAGE DISCOVER. EL. In the European news published yesterday, there was a short notice of the Expedition, fitted out by the Hudson’s Bay Company, un der the direction of Mess s. Dcase and Simp son, with the view to ascertain the practica bility of a passage by water around the North end of the Continent of America, through which navigation might be continued from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. This object has always been regarded as one of great mo ment in a scientific as well as a commercial point of view, and has given rise to freq cut but hitherto unsuccessful attempts, by men of the greatest talents and experience in the em. ploy of British and other governments, toes. feci the passage. It would seem that success has keen reserved however for private enter prise. and that on this, as on other occas nt, individual energy ha? attained v, hat was dem- cd to government action. The existence of the passage referred to, has at length been ascertained, and that too by a small expedi tion composed of some twelve or fifteen hardy individuals. The London AJorning Chronicle of April 19th, contains a long account of this inter esting enterprise, given in the simple and manly style whie’a usually attends effective ness of action. Prom this communication it appears that in 1836, the arrangement of an ! explosing expedition was Tonfidcd to Mr. s • Simption, resident Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who on his arrival from ' lanu, at Norway Houje, Lake Winnipeg, in I . June of that year, beat up for volunteers; and ; ! that Messrs. F. W. Dense, and Thomas Simp- ; ! son were enlisted with twelve men, and for- i ■ warded to Fort Chippewaya, on Athahaska : : Lake, where they spentthe winter of 1836-7. i ' At the opening of the navigation in June 18-' ■ 37, this party left Chippewaya with two small ' boats, descended the Slave River, passed the | Western end of the great Slave Lake, and j descended Mackenzie’s River to Fort Norman, ; where they arrived on July Ist- Thence a ! small party was despatched in advance to the • Eastern end of great Bear’s Luke, to make j preparation for passing the winter, with a ; I view to operation in 1838. This being done, | ■ the party, twelve in number, continued to de. j : scend Mackenzie’s River to Fort Good Hope, ' i tho most Northern post of the Company, j j where they learned that the Esquimaux had i : killed three of their men. On the 9th July ! they reached the Ocean, by the most western : mouth of Mackenzie’s river, in lat. 68° 49 I and long. 136« 36 W. j In proceeding seaward along the coast they | i found a party of Esquimaux disposed to be i t troublesome, but the latter were deterred from mischief by the appearance of power to I resist an attack. The progress was slow, owing to obstructions from ice, fog, and strong ; head winds. On the 11th the party reached : Point Kay, where they were detained by compact ice, until the 14th, after which ’they ! continued their route until the 17th, wlien a field of ice forced them to the shore in Cam den Bay, near a camp of friendly esquimaux. An opening of the ice appearing, a passage was nttnnnptpd in whieh r»f tho nri.l their provisions, were nearly lost by a sud den closing. On the 20th, Foggy Island’s Bay was reached, the latitude being 70° 9, and a sight obtained of a range of the Reeky Mountains to the westward of the Romonzoff range, and not seen by Sir John Franklin, but within the limits of his survey. On the same evening they got to return Reef, the termina tion of Franklin’s survey. On arriving at ; Cape Halkett, the vicinity of which was found ! to be ,a favorite resort of Reindeer, observa tions were taken that determined its situa tion to be in lat. ' 78■» 43N., and Long 152° 14 W., the variations of the compass being 43 3 833 E. ! From Capo Hallkett the coast turned sud | denly off to VV. N. W. and presented nothing ' but a succession of low banks of frozen ice. At the next point, Point Pitt, tho land was found to turn to the westward. Beyond Point Drew a narrow projection was seen, be yond which ice was in view, which they called j Cape George Simpson, in honor of tho Gov ernor of that name. At this point their boat navigation ceased. Point Extreme is situa ted in lat. 71 a 3 N., and Jon. 154“ 26 W.~ I variation of cornpass 42“ 36 East. From this place Mr. Thomas Simpson with . five men proceeded on foot on the Ist of Au- < gust, tho rest of the party remaining behind. ! The explorers carried with them their arms' ! and a small oiled canoe for crossing rivers to. 1 gether with their astronomical instruments and some trinkets for the natives. This was one ' of the worst days they experienced, and on the following they found themselves by obser vation to be in lat. 710 9. After proceeding j about ten miles, tho party, to their dismay, were stopped by a large bay, near which was ' a small camp of Esquimaux, who were at first much alarmed and fled, but afterwards 1 returned and treated them with great kindness. ’ They here procured a boat from tho natives which aided them much in their progress. After crossing Elson Bay, they beheld the ocean stretching away to the Southward. At Point Barrow they raised their flag, and took possession of their discoveries in the British Sovereign. Beyond this point on the western side, the ocean was open, as the es quimaux assured them, and so inviting was the prospect that .Mr. S. saw no ilifficuity in proceeding Tn Ti7s canoe to Cook’s Inlet. Whales and seals are said to exist '.o the northward of the point in great numbers. Observations were obtained which deter mine the position ol the landing place lobe in lat. 71° 23 N., long. 156“ 20 W., agreeing closely with the observation of Mr. Eisen. The partv after bidding adieu to their enter tainers, sat out on their return homeward, and ranched Fort Norrnan on the 4th .September, from wh ch place their report was written. Religion gives to time al! its importance , and to eternity all its glory: and without it, is a mere riddle. ■CONFLAGRATION IN PHILADELPHIA- .DESTRUCTION OF PENNSYLVANIA HALL. j The popular excitement growing out of the dedication of Pensylvania Hall, and the atten ding circumstances, reached a fearful pitch throughout yesterday. The tumult of the previous night was the theme of all tongues; .a thousand extravagant stories werecircula ; ted, and the apprehension became general, i that the night would not .pass by, without a ■still more fearful and exciting scene. During , the day, the Hall was open, and, as we believe, one or two Lectures were delivered. At noon ! from 100 to 200 persons congregated in front iof the building; and the number continued to : increase and the sensation to become strong i er, until towards sundown; when thousands i from every section of the city and county, ' poured in dense masses towards the scene; and by 8 o’clock, there must have been a con course of Ten Thousand persons, of all class es, sexes, ages and conditions. The Mayor, we are told, made his appearance at an early . .hwjj; —nnd closed the doors of the Haft- pot withstanding it was understood that a Society would meet there in the evening, for the pur- ‘ pose of discussion. We need scarcely stato i that, as the crowd increased the excitement t waxed warmer. The first demonstrations of attack were made upon the windows, which ; were thrown at, from numerous hands and i from every direction. This movement was foilowed up by an at tack to for6e the doors, which at first did not succeed; the effoits, however, were soon rc i doubled. The next step was breaking the I seals, galleries and furniture in the interior. ! The fragments, it is said were hastily gath ered together in the centre of the hall, and a torch applied. The gas pipes were cut and fire communicated to the streams that issued forth. These are the statements of the night; for with the conflicting rumors in circulation, it was impossible to discover any authentica ted account of the more deliberate prelimina ry steps. The alarm of fire was speedily given, and the vast multitude re-echoed the cry. The State-house bell also rang out, and the engines and firemen poured iu with their H|»para4u«, which they speedily put in readi ness for action. The crowd by this time had swollen to an immense magnitude, and not only Sixth-street from Arch to Race, presented a dense mass of l human beings, but all the streets and alleys j adjacent, were thronged with eager and exci. i ted spectators. The alarm soon spread thro’ the city—a few hasty particulars passed from ; mouth to rnouth, and tho apprehension was far greater among those who had not an op portunity of witnessing the progress of tho flames, than the immediate spectators of tho scene. This was natural; the Hall being located in one of the most densely populated parts of our city, within a stone’s throw of the Arch Street Theatre, and u number of frame buil dings being in the immediate neighborhood, it was feared that, no mutter how well direc ted the efforts of the firemen, nor how liberal the supply of water, they would not bo able to bound the progress of the flames. Nuy, more, a conflict between the police and the crowd was apprehended; and hence, many an anxious mother or susceptible wife, dreaded I lest the night would not pass by,‘without tho I destruction of lifc as well as property. I Soon after nine o’clock, the whole building } was wrapped in flames, which diffused a lurid i light around, and throwing their red reflections upon the multitude below, imparted a remar- ‘ kablo and fearful effect to the scene. Every ' window vomited forth its volume, and the roof : cracked, smoked and blazed before tho , progress of the devouring element. It was a • fearful scone, and yet we never witnessed so j vast a concourse so passive and so quiet, con ! sideling the circumstances of the case. The I great majority appeared to be merely spec tators; unwilling, by any movement what- I ever, either to increase the existing, or to pro ! voke further excitement. The firemen were ' perfectly self-possessed; and look especil i pains to protect and save the surrounding property. This was a task of great difficul- ‘ ty, but one in which, as we believe, they pro . ved fully successful. Torrents of water de scended; and as fast as the strength of one ■ body of men gave way, their places were iu- ■ slantly supplied by another. We saw several colored persops. IQ ifip out. ’skirts of the crowd; but, as far as our obser vation extended, no effort was made to molest them. We were told, however, that several • were driven from the ground. The fire ra ged furiously until all the wood-work of tho building was destroyed. The roof fell in about ten o’clock; and, as the flames subsided, the throng gradually dispersed. At eleven o’clock, Pennsylvania Hull was a mass of ruins, the walls alone erect and standing, and the noise, bustle and confusion incident to • such an occurrence, became gradually more . subdued, as the hour of midnight approached. The only accident that wo heard of, was one caused by an engine, which, running over a HO 2Q-