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HOUSTON DAILY JOURNAL How did the federal system begin? Dear Readers, We’ve ' previously dealt with issues ; involving Federal crimes; I thought it might be interest ing to explore the origins of the Federal criminal justice system. Lawyers and judges dif ferentiate between Article I and Article 111 Federal courts. The United States Supreme Court was cre ated, and its powers pro scribed, by Article 111 of the Constitution. Its “original” jurisdiction was limited to cases or controversies touch ing on purely national inter ests, such as those involving other nations or a State or States. Otherwise, it is limited as the final court of appellate jurisdiction over the myri ad of courts created by act of Congress, e.g., “Article I courts.” In theory, if these Congressional courts were dissolved, the United States Supreme Court would lose almost all of its power to impact our lives - if there were no Article I courts, there would be nothing for it to review. Curiously, “treason” against the United States is the only crime specifically addressed by the Constitution as a purely Federal crime (although no penalty is pro scribed). Imagine a world in which there were NO other Federal crimes . . . it’s pos sible. In the early Twentieth Century, as America emerged from the Industrial Age and the progressive move ment embodied by Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin Roosevelt moved to reshape this coun try, the “states rights” con flict of the Civil War brewed anew. Progressives wanted to use the muscle of the nation al government to imprint Bone stress can have big impact Stress on the bones in your heel and ankle is increased when incor rect heel movement strains tissue. Over time, excess strain may change the struc ture of your foot, causing damage and heel pain. In addition, the effects of arthri tis can damage bones(and joints) or inju ry from a direct blow, caus- ;iiß Bhk Dr. Jokhai Columnist The Foot Doctor ing pain. Treatment goals include reducing abnormal stress on bones. Heel spur A heel spur is a bony out growth at the base of the heel bone near the plantar fascia. When you stand a spur may cause pain on the bottom of the heel. As with plantar faciitis, the pain may decrease after stand ing or walking a short time. The pain you feel is not from the spur itself. Your heel hurts because the spur pinches a nerve or pressure against the plantar bursa. If the bursa becomes inflamed (buritis), it may squeeze the plantar fascia. Hagland’s Deformity This bony outgrowth develops on the upper back of your heel bone. “Pump Bump” is the nicknamed given to the problem which you may feel pain where the edge of your shoe rubs the Achilles tendon. Stress fracture A crack in the heel bone, usually behind or below the subtalar joint is known as #1 Noon Buffet areetitfertw i-ts gilt m ■ ft 7-mrr Subscribe today! Call 987-1823 equality and uniformity on the still-divided country; proponents of states rights decried the encroachment on state sovereignty. In 1936, this battle spilled over into a major war when the Supreme Court struck down as unconstitutional many pro visions of FDR’s New Deal, which was intended to regu late indus try. FDR responded by threat ening to “pack” 1 *7A Jim Rockefeller Columnist the Court, using his large Democratic majorities in Congress to expand the number of justices to 12, beyond the traditional nine, with explicitly pro-New Deal justices. This attempt failed, but the court eventually set tled with FDR’s view, e.g., the preeminent power of Congress to regulate indus try. The source of this author ity was derived from Congress’ Article I enu meration of powers (section 8). First, there is the “com merce clause,” conferring on Congress the exclusive power “To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” Eventually, this became the springboard for our mod ern criminal code. Secondly, there is the catch-all, “nec essary and proper” clause, providing Congress the ple nary power “To make all Laws which shall be neces sary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers ...” Reading these clauses together, Congress has a “necessary and prop- stress fracture. You may feel pain during extended activi ties and when you touch the injured area. Sever’s Disease Sever’s Disease (calcaneal apophysitis) is an inflamma tion in the area between the sections of bone that make up the heel. This problem usually occurs in young peo GEORGIA DISCOUNT FLOORING 913 N. Davis Drive • Warner Robins • 478-329-8273 LAMINATE SALE! 89< Per sq, ft. Check all our sales at www.ls9special.com HOURS: Mon - Sat 10-7 -wl ml , jflj Earn 5.00% APY from your checking account! Wall Street Checking Enjoy big benefits like a 5.00% APY interest rate for your balances of 52,500 or more. Lower balances earn .25'• APY, You never pay a per-theck fee ami there's no monthly service charge with only a SI,OOO balance. Plus, you get 6 FREE ATM withdrawals every month from any ATM anywhere. THE BANK OF PERRY tc PERRY,GEORGIA 1006 Main Street » Perry 24-hour ATM at 908 Washington St. Convenient Saturday hours 9 a.m. to noon. Call us at 478-987-2554 www.bankofperry.com MtfftKfttC [41053 er” aspect of its regulatory power to regulate commerce, is to control the commis sion of crimes flowing across state lines. Thus, all federal crimes involve, as their linchpin, some aspect of interstate commerce. Banking crimes involve the national financial indus try, telephone lines, and the internet. Gun crimes involve guns manufactured and/or trafficked across state lines. Narcotics, legal and illegal, are regulated by the FDA and involve, a priori, either by component or delivery, some type of interstate com merce. What emerges, then, are parallel criminal justice sys tems of concurrent Federal and State jurisdiction over criminal activity. Nothingin our Constitution explicitly provides for such Federal prosecutions, yet the United Supreme Court has found authority to per mit national approaches to modern crimes and criminal organizations. Back to my question - can you imag ine no Federal prosecution of banking or drug crimes? What State could effectively prosecute international drug cartels, mafiosos, or nation alized gangs? Today, it is hard to conceive of such a world and, thankfully, we need not concern ourselves with it. Warner Robins attorney Jim Rockefeller is the for mer Chief Assistant District Attorney for Houston County, and a former Assistant State Attorney in Miami. Owner of Rockefeller Law Center, Jim has been in private practice since 2000. E-mail your comments or confi dential legal questions to ajrtfi rockefellerlawcenter. com. pie whose bones have not yet fused and fully matured. Active children between the ages of 8-12 years of age are most often affected by Sever’s disease. When deal ing with this disease you may be forced to limp or to walk on your toes due to the back of your heel hurting. Next: Nerve problems 3 ROOMS OF CARPET $15922 UP TO 40 SQ. YDS “/ like the free online hill pay and free debit card. ” Open your own Wall Street Checking account today. • Get a FREE Gift! • We'll pay you $lO for unused checks from your account at your old bank. Annual Sfescwwge Y«kl effective ? way change after opw**Q. took rule* *W UpfetiOM apply few *vdw* eamtngv. Ask , VwdataiH LOCAL 1 Room Laminate 15922 FREE underiayment up t 0144 sq. FT 41524 [41667 A simple approach to a balanced scorecard I enjoy making complex concepts relevant to organizations that can’t afford the time and research to learn about them. One such topic is “strategic planning.” Okay, don’t let your eyes glaze over! And don’t move on to something else yet. Remember, my objective is to make a difficult subject simple to apply in your real world! During the 30 years that I worked with two large companies, I confess that strategic planning was not one of my areas of exper tise. I was privileged to par ticipate in several high-level strategic planning events. But I never could become deeply invested in the two inch binder that was the outcome “product” of those off-site planning sessions. I’ve become a convert, however! I’ve worked with a colleague who can take a cross-section of employees and in a day of genuine fun, create a one-page strategic plan. The single document includes several new ini tiatives that will move the organization in the direc tion it wants to go, defin ing the desired outcomes of those initiatives. His process includes the generation of a “balanced scorecard.” Now that may be a term you’ve heard but never fully understood. It’s relatively simple if you break down the concept. Traditionally, businesses have measured success in financial terms, such as revenues, expenses, and profits. But remember the dic tum, “What gets mea sured gets managed.” In every organization, there are other measures besides just the finan cials. Identifying the most critical measures, you can generate a “scorecard” for SAVE MONEY WITH mkjm am m m MWf m wf VJPEi PACKAGES mr ■mhhP FROM COMSOUTH sr ' ' ' ' »- H • y §> v &.- tetmt/jfc iors -| Tjj&i II xtm ) m js _ - tracking results and even use the scorecard for man aging activities. But why a “balanced” score card? One of the most difficult respon sibilities of lead ership is finding the right balance in all things c\ [ mrnjr f&’ A Dennis Hooper Leaders Building Leaders including a tool for mea suring results. Yes, even the scorecard needs to be balanced-between finan cial and non-financial mea sures, between short-term and long-term objectives, between lagging and lead ing indicators, and between external and internal per formance expectations. Short of hiring my col league to help you, what can you do? Here’s what I recommend to my clients. Choose the three to five pri mary areas where you track results. Generate a graph of each for the past five years (you can go back further if you like). Project forward at least two years what you desire for future results. Display those graphs in a public place where employ ees can easily see them (but, depending on the measures, not in an area frequented by customers). Assessing Your Leadership Skills -SBS/person . *BB*.', sf*. % THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2006 ♦ Beneath each graph, post an explanation as to why that particular measure is critical for the success of the organization. Beneath those descrip tions, identify behaviors that contribute to the improvement of that mea sure. These are actions that any employee might take to enhance the likelihood of achieving the projected future outcomes. Now you have a great start! You are measuring the results that matter and sharing the informa tion with your employees. Adjacent to each measure, you can post monthly a year-to-date chart so that everyone can see progress as the year develops. Each employee’s actions will have more influence on one or two of the measures than on the others. Along with his or her boss, each individual should develop a clear, specific plan for track ing behaviors and personal results that contribute to those measures. Each individual needs this clarity of focus, since no individual has the time, energy, and influence to have a major impact on all the measures. Dennis Hooper is a cer tified leadership develop ment coach who helps lead ers build organizations of excellence. E-mail him at dhooper2(aj uno.com or phone him at 478-988-0237. F. Dennis Hooper Certified Leadership Development Coach Building leaders and organizations of excellence (478) 988-0237 Why offer bundles? By combining services that used to be advertised, ordered, installed, billed, and serviced separately, those services can be deliv ered less expensively - so the collective price of those services can be lowered! Gold Value Package k • Unlimited Local Calls B • 100 Minutes of Long Distance P * Basic, Expanded and W Digital Cable TV ’ •3M High Speed Internet Ask us to help you find the best Value Package for your budget! Com South Perry Office: 1357-D Sam Nunn Bivd. 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