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Crowds Of Faithful Flock To
■Jyjjt
St. Peter's To Show Support
Of Pope As Church Is Attacked
THE BULLETIN, March 22, 1953—PAGE 5
(By Luciano Casimirri)
(Radio, N.C.W.C. News Service)
VATICAN CITY — More than
10,000 of the faithful overflowed
this week’s general audience,
causing His Holiness Pope Pius
XII to greet his well wishers in
St. Peter’s Basilica instead of
the Hall of Benedictions as usu
al.
The large turnout was seen
here as an expression of support
for the Holy Father, who had
canceled the annual ceremony
marking his coronation anni
versary as a result of Italy’s cur
rent anticlerical campaign.
The campaign has revolved in
part around the trial and con
viction by a Florence court of
Bishop Pietro Fiordelli of Prato,
who was accused of “defaming”
a couple married outside the
Church.
Almost forgotten in the reac
tion to the Bishop’s case is the
upcoming trial of French writer
Roger Peyrefitte, charged by the
Italian government with slan
dering the Pope. Peyrefitte’s
trial is expected to start in early
April and will be another focal
point in campaign preceding
Italy’s national elections.
The case of Bishop Fiordelli
has become the subject of a na
tional conflict over principles.
The Pope and Italy’s priests,
as well as many Catholic lay
men, have reacted strongly and
immediately. The Pope canceled
the March 12 anniversary cele
bration and throughout the na
tion demonstrations have pro
tested against the Bishop’s con
viction as a limitation of the
freedom of the Church. The an
ticlerical drive, spearheaded by
the communists and participated
in by other political parties,
some of which are anti-commun
ist, has also been the target of
angry protests.
Although the Reds welcome
the Bishop’s conviction, they are
not altogether satisfied by the
trial’s outcome. Italian news
papers have pointed out that the
court’s decision takes the edge
off one of the left’s strongest
arguments, namely that Church
authorities are guilty of inter-
THEOLOGY FOR
THE LAYMAN
(Continued From Page Four)
physically, with heightened
pulse, for instance, or acid sto
mach; but it is the knowing mind
that enjoys the reactions or dis
likes them); it decides nothing
(though our will may decide in
favor of things that give us bodi
ly pleasure.)
Spirit knows and loves. A
slightly longer look at ourselves
reveals that spirit has power,
too. It is the mind of man that
splits the atom; the atom can
not split the mind, it cannot
even split itself, it does not
know about its own electrons.
Here our imagination inter
venes rebel] iously. Almost from
the dawn of history men have
known about the planets, have
humbled themselves before the
planets, have found all sorts of
ingenious ways of asserting the
night sky’s mastery over the hu
man insect. But recent discovei'-
ies have multiplied these tend
encies a thousandfold. We have
found not only more and more
planets, but more and more solar
system. We have learned about
the vast spaces and the light-
years with which we must meas
ure them. Man is only a speck
upon a speck: he is supposed
even to be humble before the
spaces, to bow down before
emptiness simply because there
is so much of it.
But the speck — the smaller
speck, I mean, which is man —
is tlie superior all the same. He
knows the stars and the spaces,
not they him; he calculates the
light-years and knows of the
deaths of stars. He loves them,
not they him; the beauty of the
moon is for spirit and not for
matter. Indeed he uses them if
to steer his ships and measure
his earth: but he is planning be
yond that, planning to extend
the range of his own movement,
to go out among them: for the
mind has the gift of dominion,
and only mind has it. There are
greater minds than man’s and
greater power: before these,
man must bow; but not before
mindless, impotent masses and
the spaces that lie between
them. My body is, conveniently,
smaller than the planet jupiter;
but my mind is not. Mindless
ness does not become greater
than mind simply by being
multiplied.
ference and the use of pressure
in government matters.
The Holy See’s protests against
the Florence court’s verdict is
based on what is considered a
violation of its concordat with
Italy. Article 2 of the concord
at states:
“The Holy See and likewise
the bishops have the freedom
to publish and post inside and
on the inside of doors of en
trances to religious buildings or
m their offices instructions, reg
ulations, letters . . . and other
material concerning the spiritu
al administration of the faithful
which they believe are in the
realm of their competence.”
Catholic legal figures maintain
that under this provision a state
court is not competent to judge
ecclesiastical jurisdiction in re
ligious matters.
Bishop Fiordelli’s lawyers
have appealed the judgment
against him, but the Bishop
himself refused to do so on the
same grounds that he refused to
appear in court during the trial,
namely that the court has no
right to try him. It does not have
this right, the Bishop said, not
“because of personal immunity,”
but because of “my right of
exercising spiritual jurisdiction.”
It is very possible that the
appeal will not be heard before
the national elections, as such
matters often take several
months of processing before the
Italian appellate court gets the
case.
It has been noted here that
there have been no civil mar
riages in Prato since October of
last year, while there have been
120 religious ones. In the first
nine months of 1957 there were
12 civil marriages and 834 re
ligious ones.
Considerable publicity has also
been given to the recent reli
gious marriage of a former Com
munist party office holder,
Giuseppe Quarta, who had been
married civilly in 1952 but had
his marriage solemnized during
the uproar over the Florence
verdict.
Replying to criticism of the
Catholic reaction to the Bish
op’s conviction, L’Osservatore
Romano, Vatican City daily, not
ed that critics should not be
surprised “by this grief and
mourning.” They are reactions,
it said, to “obvious and system-
matic” attacks against the
Pope’s person, his teachings and
against the bishops, clergy and
the Church’s institutions.
A summation of the Catholic
reaction is to be found in the
joint letter of the bishops of
Lombardy province sent out by
Archbishop Giovanni B. Montim
ot Milan.
The letter deplores the “grow
ing and aggressive anticlerical
campaign promoted in recent
days with the conspiracy of va
rious sections of Italian public
life.” It continued;
“We should like to cooperate
towards reestablishing in pub
lic opinion ... an atmosphere
of quiet and create a just opin
ion concerning certain aspects of
this unjust anticlerical attack.
The famous trial of Prato’s Bish
op gives rise to surprise and
grief. The matter tried was one
which comes under ecclesiastical
jurisdiction. Article 2 of the con
cordat grants full freedom to ec
clesiastical jurisdiction and this
in our opinion should have been
respected in this instance . . .
We cannot therefore consider
this trial in the light of a satis
factory proof of the freedom of
Italian law. It is and must be
very liberal, but in its own field.
Neither can we consider it a vic
tory of the state. It is a victory
ot godless communism.”
It was noted here that it was
not tlie slate which brought
charges against Bishop Fiordelli.
The suit was brought by Mau-
ro Bellandi, Prato grocer, under
the penal code, which automatic
ally includes the reperesentation
of Italian law by the public
prosecutor and makes the de
fendant liable to sentencing for
violating the penal code.
. The, Florence .court where the
ease wks heard hears both .civil
anfl criminal cases. Italian law,
however, does not speak of the
criminal code in a case like the
Bishop’s. It uses the term penal,
since criminal is understood in
Italy to apply to offenses sucli
as murder.
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