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Text Of Encyclical
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(Continued from Page Two)
This opinion —- it seems en
tirely unnecessary to demon-
onstrate its existence — is en
tirely false and full of error be
cause, as We declared a few
years ago to a special meeting of
Our venerable brethren in the
episcopacy: “The power of the
Church is in no sense limited to
so-called ‘strictly religious mat
ters’ but the whole matter of the
natural law, its institution, in
terpretation and application, in
so far as the moral aspect is con
cerned, are within its power.
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By God’s appointment the ob
servance of the natural law con
cerns the way by which man
must strive toward his super
natural end. The Church in this
already shows the way and is
the guide and guardian of men
with respect to .their super
natural end” (9). This truth had
been already wisely explained
by Our predecessor St. Pius X
in his encyclical letter “Singula-
ri Quadam” of September 24,
1912, in which he made this
statement: “A 11 actions of a
Christian man so far as they are
morally either good or bad, that
is, agree with or are contrary to
natural and divine law, fall un
der the jurisdiction of the
Church” (10).
Moreover when these narrow
limits have been arbitrarily set
and proclaimed, though these
men make profession of a de
sire to obey the Roman Pontiff
with regard to truths to be be
lieved and to observe what they
call ecclesiastical directives,
they yet proceed with such bold
ness that they refuse to obey the
precise and definite prescrip
tions of the Holy See. They pro
test that these refer to politi
cal affairs because of a hidden
meaning by the author as if
they took their origin from some
secret conspiracy against their
own nation.
It is necessary for Us to men
tion in this place a sign of this
falling away from the Church,
an event truly of great serious
ness which fills Our soul—that
of the Father and universal Pas
tor of the faithful—with great
grief beyond words. For those
who profess themselves most in
terested in the welfare of their
country have for some consider
able time been striving to dis
seminate among the people a be
lief which is devoid of all truth
according to which Catholics
have the power of directly elect
ing their bishops. As excuse for
this kind of election they allege
the need for looking after the
good of souls with all possible
speed and of entrusting the ad
ministration of dioceses to those
pastors who, for not resisting
communist desires and forms of
political practice, have been ac
cepted by the civil power.
Moreover We have heard that
not a few of such elections have
been held contrary to all right
and law and that, in addition,
setting aside a public and severe
warning which this Apostolic
See had employed toward those
involved, certain ecclesiastics
have rashly dared to receive
episcopal consecration.
Since therefore such serious
offenses against the disciples
and unity of the Church are be
ing committed, it becomes a
duty in conscience for Us to
warn all that this is completely
at variance with the doctrine
and principles on which rests
the right order of the society
divinely instituted by Jesus
Christ Our Lord.
For it has been clearly and
expressly laid down in the ca
nons that it. pertains to the one
Apostolic See to judge whether
a person is fit for the dignity
and burden of the episcopate
(11) , and that complete freedom
in the nomination of bishops is
the right of the Roman Pontiff
(12) . But if, as happens some
times necessary it is permitted
to some persons or groups to
take part in some fashion in the
selection of an episcopal candi
date this is lawful only if the
Apostolic See has granted it in
express terms and in each par
ticular case to clearly defined
persons or groups, the condit
ions and circumstances being
very plainly determined.
Granted this exception it fol
lows that bishops who have
been neither named nor con
firmed by the Apostolic See, but
who on the contrary have been
elected and consecrated in de
fiance of its express orders, en
joy no powers of teaching or of
jurisdiction since jurisdiction
passes to bishops only through
the Roman Pontiff as We ad
monished in the encyclical let
ter “Mystici Corporis” in the
following words: “. . . As far as
his own diocese is concerned
each (bishop) as a true shep
herd feeds the flock entrusted
to him and rules it in the name
of Christ. Yet in exercising this
office they are not altogether
independent but are subordi
nate to the lawful authority of
the Roman Pontiff, although en
joying ordinary power of juris
diction which they receive di
rectly from the same Supreme
Pontiff” (13).
And We again referred to this
teaching when We later address
ed to you the letter “Ad Sinar-
um Gentem” in these words:
“T h e power of jurisdiction
which is conferred directly by
divine right on the Supreme
Pontiff comes to bishops by that
same right but only through the
successor of Peter to whom not
only the faithful but also all
bishops are bound to be con
stantly subject and to adhere
both by the reverence of obedi
ence and by the bond of unity”
(14).
But acts pertaining to the
power of Holy Orders perform
ed by ecclesiastics of this kind,
though they are valid as long as
the consecration conferred on
them is valid, are yet gravely
illicit, that is criminal and sac
rilegious.
To this action the warning
words of the Divine Teacher
fittingly apply: “He who enters
not by the door into the sheep-
fold, but climbs up another way,
is a thief and a robber” (15).
The sheep indeed know the true
shepherd’s voice. “But a strang
er they will not follow, but will
flee from him, because they do
not know the voice of strangers”
(16).
It does not escape us that
those who thus withdraw from
obedience, put forward a prac
tice which was licit in previous
centuries in order to justify
themselves with regards to
those functions which they have
alas unrighteously assumed. Yet
everyone sees that it is the over
throw of all ecclesiastical dis
cipline if in anyway at all it is
lawful for anyone to restore ar
rangements which are not valid
anymore since the supreme au
thority of the Church has long
ago decreed otherwise. They as
suredly in no sense excuse their
way of acting by appealing to
another custom, and they indis
putably prove that they follow
this line deliberately in order
to escape from the discipline
which now prevails and which
they ought to be obeying.
We mean that discipline
which has been established not
only for China and the religions
recently enlightened by the light
of the Gospel, but for the whole
church, a discipline which takes
its sanction from that universal
and , supreme power of caring
for, ruling and governing which
Our Lord granted to the succes
sors in the office of St. Peter
the Apostle.
Well known are the terms
which the Vatican Council sol
emnly defined:
“Relying on the open testi
mony of the Scriptures and
abiding by the wise and clear
decrees both of our predecessors,
the Roman Pontiffs, and the
general Councils, We renew the
definition of the Ecumenical
Council of Florence, by virtue
of which all the faithful must
believe that ‘the Holy Apostolic
See and the Roman Pontiff hold
primacy over the whole world,
and the Roman Pontiff himself
is the successor of the blessed
Peter and continues to be the
true Vicar of Christ and head, of
the whole Church, the father
and teacher of all Christians,
and to him in the blessed Peter
the full power of caring for.
ruling and governing the Uni
versal Church was committed
by Our Lci’d Jesus Christ . . .’
“We teach, . . . we declare
that the Roman Church by the
Providence of God holds the
primacy of ordinary power ov
er all others, and that this power
of jurisdiction of the Roman
Pontiff, which is truly episcopal,
is immediate. Toward it, the
pastors and the faithful of what
ever rite and dignity, both indi
vidual and collectively, are
bound by the duty of hierarchi
cal subordination and true
obedience, not only in matters
which pertain to faith and mor
als, but also in those which con
cern the discipline and govern
ment of the Church spread
throughout the whole world, in
such a way that once the unity
of communion and the profes
sion of the same Faith has been
preserved with the Roman Pon
tiff, there is one flock of the
Church of Christ under one su
preme shepherd. This is the
teaching of the Catholic truth
from which no one can depart
without loss of Faith and sal
vation” (17).
From what We have said, it
follows that no authority what
soever, save that which is prop
er to the supreme pastor, can
render void the canonical ap
pointment granted to any bish
op, that no person or group,
whether of priests or of laymen,
can lay claim to the right of
nominating bishops, that no one
can lawfully confer episcopal
consecration unless he has re
ceived the mandate of the Apos
tolic See (13).
Consequently, if consecration
of this kind is being done con
trary to all right and law, and
by. this crime the unity of the
Church is being seriously at
tacked, an excommunication re
served specialissimo modo to the
Apostolic See has been estab
lished which is automatically
incurred by anyone who receiv
ed consecration irresponsibly
conferred and by the actual
eonsecrator (19).
What then is to be the opinion
concerning the excuse added by
members of the association pro
moting false patriotism, that
they had to act as they alleged
because of the need to attend to
the care of souls in those dio
ceses which were then bereft of
their bishop?
It is obvious that no thought
is being taken of the spiritual
good of the faithful if the
Church’s laws are being violat
ed, and further, that it is not a
question of vacant sees as they
wish to argue in defense, but of
ten it is a question of episco
pal sees whose legitimate rulers
have been driven out or who
now languish in prison or are
being obstructed in various ways
from the free exercise of their
power of jurisdiction. It must
likewise be added that there
have been cast into prison or
exiled or removed by other
means, those clerics whom the
lawful ecclesiastical superiors
had designated, in accordance
with canon law and the special
powers received from the Apos
tolic See, to act in their place
in the government of the dio
ceses.
It is surely a matter for grief
that while holy bishops noted
for their zeal for souls are en
during so many trials, the oc
casion is seized in their diffi
culties to establish false shep
herds in their place so that the
hierarchial orders of the Church
is overthrown and the authority
of the Roman Pontiff is treach
erously resisted.
And some have advanced to
such a degree of arrogance that
they transfer, blame for these
unfortunate and lamentable
events, brought about by the
deliberate plan of the oppres
sors of the Church, to the Apos
tolic See itself. Yet all know
well that by the fact that it is
prevented from free and safe
communication with the dioces
es in China, the. Apostolic See
has been unable and still is un
able to have appropriate know
ledge of suitable candidates for
election to the episcopal dignity
as often as conditions demand.
This knowledge is absolutely
necessary both in the case of
your nation and that of any
other.
Venerable brethren and dear
children, thus far We have told
you with what anxiety We are
moved by the errors which cer
tain men are trying to sow
among you. and by the dissen
sions which , are, being aroused.
Our intention is that, enlighten
ed and strengthened by the en
couragement of your common
father, you. may remain stead
fast and without blemish in that
Faith by which We are united
and by which alone We shall ob
tain salvation.
But now, following the ardent
dictates of Our mind, permit Us
to declare with what close and
particular feelings of intimacy
CAMfiLUA .
GAROEiV •
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606 South Central Ave.
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We draw near to you. To Our
mind come those torments
which rend asunder your bodies
or your minds, particularly
those which the most valiant
witnesses of Christ are enduring
among whose number are not
wanting several of Our venera
ble brethren in the episcopate.
The trials of all these We daily
offer on the altar to the Divine
Redeemer, together with the
prayers and sufferings of the
whole Church.
Be constant then and put your
trust in Him according to the
words: “Cast all your anxieties
upon Him, because He cares for
you” (20).
He sees clearly your anguish
and your torments. He particu
larly finds acceptable the grief
of soul and tears which many of
you, bishops and priests* mem
bers of religious congregations
and the faithful from ranks of
the laity, pour forth in secret
when they behold the efforts of
those who are striving to sub
vert the groups of Christians
among you. These tears, these
bodily pains joined to tortures,
and the blood of the martyrs
both of the past and of the
present day, will be precious
tokens to bring it about that,
through the most powerful in
tervention of Mary, the Virgin
Mother of God, Queen of China,
the Church in your native land
will at long last regain its
strength and in a calmer age
and happier days will shine
(Continued on Page Six)
THE BULLETIN, September 20, 1958—PAGE 3
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