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PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, December 27, 1958
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Church Has Largest College of Cardinals
(Continued from Page 1)
the cardinals in Latin, explain
ing the reasons for his choice
of new cardinals and why he
deemed it appropriate to in
crease the number of cardinals.
He read the names of the 23
prelates proposed for the Sac
red College and after the last,
that of Msgr. Andre Jullien of
the Sacred Roman Rota, said:
“Quid vobis videtur?” (What
is your opinion?) The cardinals
gave their assent to the nomi
nations.
Pope John XXIII then offici
ally elevated the new cardinals,
saying:
“Therefore, by the authority
of Almighty God and that of the
Holy Apostles Peter and Paul,
and by Our own authority, We
create and proclaim cardinals of
the Holy Roman Church, in the
rank of priests (reading the
names in the order of seniority
in this rank) and to the rank of
deacon (reading again).”
The secret consistory was fin
ished. But all present remained,
for those archbishops named
since the June, 1958, consistory,
or their representatives, were
called in and the pallium, a
white wollen band symbolic of
metropolitan jurisdiction, was
presented them by the Pope.
Ceremonies leading to the
public consistory were now in
full motion. Messengers from
the Vatican Secretariat of State
fanned out through Vatican
City, and Rome, hurrying with
official documents of nomina
tion to be presented the new
cardinals who waited at their
residences.
The longtime Apostolic Del
egate to the United States and
the two new United States Car
dinals received their nomina
tion notices, called “biglietti,”
at the North American College
in Rome.
His Eminence Amleto Giovan
ni. Cardinal Cicognani, in keep
ing with established custom,
made a statement of gratitude to
the Pope on behalf of himself
and was notified there. His
Eminence Domenico Cardinal
Tardini, Vatican Secretary of
State, was in his private apart
ment.
The next major step was the
semi-public consistory on De
cember 17, held in the Hall of
the Throne, about 4:30 p. m.,
(10:30 a. m„ EST).
It was a simple ceremony in
which the Pope presented scar
let birettas to the new cardi
nals and received their pledge
of loyalty. The term “semi
public” means that in addition
to Princes of the Church, the
archbishops and bishops in
Rome and its vicinity and high
Vatican officials were present.
Twenty of the newly named
Cardinals attended. The three
not at the ceremony were Their
Eminences Jose Cardinal Bueno
y Monreal, Archbishop of Se
ville, Spain; Fernando Cardinal
Cento, former Apostolic Nuncio
to Portugal, and Giuseppe Card
inal Fietta, former Apostolic
Nuncio to Italy. They received
their birettas from the heads of
state of Spain, Portugal and
Italy.
The brief ceremony at the
consistory saw each cardinal ad
vance to the papal throne, kneel
before the Pope and kiss his
hand and slipper as a sign of
reverent obedience.
The Pope then placed the
scarlet mozetta, a cape, on the
shoulder of each cardinal and
the scarlet biretta on his head.
The cardinal immediately bared
his head, stood and again kissed
the Pontiff’s hand. After each
new cardinal had done this, the
Pope imparted his apostolic
blessing to all present.
The next day, that of the pub
lic consistory, began for many
Romans and others early in the
morning as upwards of 50,000
persons were estimated to be
in St, Peter’s by the 9:30 a. m.,
(3:30 a. m., EST) starting time
for the event.
The colorful crowd burst into
cheers which mixed with the
fanfare of trumpets as Pope
John XXIII was borne into the
brilliantly lighted basilica on
his portable throne, turning
from one side to the other in
recognition of the hundreds of
shouts of “Viva il Papa.”
Twenty-one of the 23 newly
created cardinals v/ere now
present. Cardinal Fietta had ar
rived for the ceremony.
Flanking the Pope’s throne as
the cortege moved into the great
church were members of the
Noble Guard. Walking before
and after it were members of
the Swiss Guard. Preceding this
group were official clerics of the
Pope’s service, procurators of
religious orders, prelates of the
Vatican offices and auditors of
the Holy Roman Rota, carrying
the papal cross which swayed
above the crowd as the cortege
made its way.
Behind the auditors came the
elder members of the College
of Cardinals, led by His Emi
nence Eugene Cardinal Tisse-
rant, dean of the Sacred Col
lege. The group of cardinals
was closed by the tv/o Cardinal
deacons, Their Eminences Nic
ola Cardinal Canali and Alfredo
Cardinal Ottaviani, who to
gether with the Prince Assist
ant to the Throne, Aspreno Co-
lonna, walked immediately be
fore the papal throne.
Midway into the basilica, the
procession halted. The Pope
alighted from his throne and en
tered the Chapel of the Blessed
Sacrament where he said a
prayer and vested in red cope
and mitre.
After the Pope ascended the
throne once again, the proces
sion wended its way to the Altar
of the Church, the basilica’s
principal altar. Here the Pope
descended and took his place at
the papal throne.
The trumpets playing the
March of Longhi had stopped,
the Sistine choir had finished
the hymn, “Tu es Petrus,” in
honor of the Pope and the cheer
ing and waving subsided as the
elder cardinals advanced to the
throne to offer their obeisance.
Then the consistory took up
the introduction of the cause for
the beatification of Luigi Palaz-
zolo, founder of the Little Poor
Sisters of Bergamo.
This was purely ceremonial to
add greater solemnity to the
consistory since the cause has
already been formally approved
by the Pope for introduction
into the Congregation of Rites
on December 8.
The consistorial advocates, to
gether with the secretary of the
Congregation of Rites, Arch
bishop Alfonso Carinci, and the
Promoter of the Faith, Msgr.
Silvio Romani, advanced to the
papal throne. The advocates
formally presented the cause,
concluding by kneeling and re
questing that the cause of beati
fication be allowed to continue.
When this was done, Msgr.
Dante instructed that the new
cardinals should be brought in.
This was the long-awaited mo
ment and one of the most color
ful spectacle in the Church’s
ritual.
The vast audience stirred, all
heads turning in the direction
from which , the new cardinals
entered. Cheers went up as His
Eminence Giovanni Battista
Cardinal Montini, Archbishop of
Milan, led the new Princes of
the Church into view.
Sixth in line was Cardinal
Cicognani; eleventh was Cardi
nal Cushing; fourteenth was
Cardinal O’Hara.
Each cardinal ascended to the
throne, kissed the Holy Father’s
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slipper and then his hand. The
Pope immediately helped each
one rise, embraced him pater
nally and smilingly exchanged a
few personal words of greeting.
The cardinal thus greeted
then took his place with his el
der colleagues, sitting and plac
ing his new scarlet biretta on
his head.
After His Eminence Andre
Cardinal Jullien, last in the or
der of precedence, had taken his
seat among the cardinals, the
consistorial advocates again
arose and renewed their re
quests for introduction of the
Palazzolo beatification cause.
The cardinals signified their
assent. On instructions of the
Pope, the Secretary of Briefs to
Princes, Msgr. Antonio Bacci,
read in Latin the Pontiffs ap
proval for the cause to proceed.
Then another high point came,
for the new cardinals had arisen
and approached the throne. It
was time for presentation of the
red hats.
As each new Prince of the
Church moved toward the
throne, a master of ceremonies
assisted him in untying the cowl
from the rear portion of his er
mine cape so it might be drawn
over his head.
With cowl in place, each car
dinal knelt before the Pope with
head bowed.
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The Pontiff was aided by two
assistants in handling the big
“galero,” the red felt hat with
its 15 tassels hanging down ei
ther side of its broad brim.
The hat was held over the car
dinal’s head only long enough
for the Pope to recite the formu
la of imposition.
It was then laid aside to be
used for the next cardinal who
presented himself at the Pope’s
feet.
Individual red hats were de
livered that afternoon to each
of the new Princes at his resi
dence, but the great hat is never
worn. It is publicly seen again
only when a cardinal dies and
then it is hung in his cathedral
to remain until it disintegrates.
V/hen the red hat was impos
ed on all cardinals, the public
consistory came to an end. The
Pope was borne out through the
cheering throng, accompanied
by the cardinals.
However, all was not finished.
After the Pope’s departure, the
cardinals formed another pro
cession and walked solemnly
along the basilica’s nave to the
Altar of the Chair.
The elder cardinals lined up
on either side of the sanctuary
and, while the choir chanted the
“Te Deum” of thanksgiving, the
new cardinals prostrated them
selves on the floor before the
altar. Cardinal Tisserant recit
ed a prayer which appealed for
God’s mercy on the new cardi
nals and petitioned His guidance
for them on the way that leads
to salvation.
The newly created cardinals
arose as the prayer was finish
ed. They embraced their elder
fellow cardinals and then all
knelt in prayer before the Con
fession of St. Peter, the small
chapel over the tomb of the
Prince of the Apostles.
After this, the cardinals de
parted for a second secret con
sistory, held in Consistory Hall.
During it, the Pope conducted
the symbolic ceremony of de
priving the new cardinals of
the right to speak in consistories
and then immediately granting
them this right. He also placed
on their fingers the cardinalitial
ring arid formally assigned to
each a titular church in Rome.
The ceremony of' the closing
and opening of the cardinals’
mouth is conducted by the Pon
tiff who tells the new cardinals
standing before him: “We close
the mouths of you cardinals so
that you may not speak in con
sistories, in congregations, and
in other cardinalitial functions.”
Then he immediately pro
nounces the “opening” formula:
“We open the mouth of you car
dinals so that in consistories, in
congregations and in other card
inalitial functions, you may
speak your opinions.”
The symbolism of this cere
mony is an outward sign that
cardinals have no right to car
ry on their functions without
papal approval, but that when
given approval, they have a
right and duty to be active in
performing their functions.
The final consistory ended on
a fraternal note, as the Pope
conversed with each cardinal
after which the Princes of the
Church paid their respects to
Cardinal Tisserant.
SERVICES FOR
CAPT. GRAHAM
SAVANNAH, Ga. — Funeral
services for Capt. J. L. Graham
were held December 11th at
the Cathedral of St. John the
Baptist.
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