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THE BULLETIN, October 31, 1959—PAGE 3
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Pope John Has Left Enduring
Mark On Church As Result Of
First Year Of His Pontificate
The following article is the
first of three on the first year
of the reign of Ills 'Holiness
Pope John A XIII.
By Patrick Gavan-Duffy Riley
(N. C. W. C. News Service)
VATICAN CITY, — Over a
year has passed since the words
“we have a pope” rang across
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the world from the balcony
above St. Peter’s Square. In
that year His Holiness Pope
John XXIII has left a mark on
the Church that will endure
forever.
Quickly, in acts as vigorous
and clear as the voice with
which he first gave his blessing
to the City and the World,
Pope John set the tone of his
pontificate.
Almost his first act as Pope
was to bestow his cardinal’s
skullcap upon the monsignor
who ceremonially handed him
the white skullcap of the papa
cy. He thereby signified his in
tention of raising the monsi
gnor to the College of Cardinals,
and restored a custom in disuse
for 50 years.
He soon created 23 new car
dinals and increased total mem
bership of the Sacred College
to 75. In 1586 Pope Sixtus V
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had ordained that the College
of Cardinals should be limited
to 70 members.
The first public speech of his
pontificate was an appeal to
the world’s rulers to work for
peace. Pope John was striking
the keynote of his predecessor,
Pius XII, the Pope of Peace.
These three acts — acts re
spectively of restoration, in
novation and preservation —
were indicative of the man’s
temper and symbolic of his pon
tificate.
In the same speech in which
he appealed for peace the Pope
also urged all separated Chris
tians to “return to the house of
the common Father.” His lan
guage had a fatherly warmth
the world would soon learn was
characteristic: “to these (non-
Catholic Christians) We say We
open Our heart most lovingly,
and extend Our open arms.”
The address also glowed with
Pope John’s now familiar love
for past associates, for places in
which he worked and the See of
Venice over which he ruled.
Pope John was crowned No
vember 4, seven days after his
election. On November 24 he
took formal possession of his
cathedral, the Archbasilica of
St. John Lateran.
Four days later he inaugu
rated the academic year of the
Lateran University. This visit
was the first of many he made
to institutions preparing young
men for the priesthood. Three
days after visiting the Lateran
University he celebrated his
first papal Mass outside Vatican
walls at the College of the Pro
pagation of the Faith, a house
of studies for foreign semina
rians without their own na
tional college in Rome. He soon
paid a visit to the Pontifical
Roman Seminary, where he
sent students into uproarious
laughter with stories of his own
days there.
Upon arising one morning he
decided he would like to see
the students of the Ethiopian
College, the only seminary resi
dence within Vatican City. That
same day the Ethiopian semi
narians strolled with the Pope
through the Vatican gardens.
A tone of astonishment in
creasingly characterized news
paper accounts of the Pope’s
visits outside Vatican City. This
did not escape the Pope him
self, a systematic reader of
newspapers. Why, he asked dur
ing a Christmas visit to a Rome
hospital, was the world sur
prised? The only purpose of his
visits, he said, was to. apply
the teaching of the Gospels and
carry out the 14 spiritual and
corporal works of mercy.
The next day, the Pope per
formed a work of mercy that
astonished the world even
more: He visited the imprison
ed. The director of Rome’s Re
gina Coeli prison, when told
that the pope was coming,
shouted an incredulous “Who?”
Television and newsreel cameras
were set up to record what was
perhaps, in the public eye, the
most memorable event of Pope
John’s first year in the papacy.
From the well of the prison
rotunda the Pope spoke to the
1,200 inmates. Some stood sev
eral deep in front of the walls
. and others watched through the
bars of the cells that rose in
four circular tiers up the in
terior of the rotunda.
“Well, I have come,” he said.
“You have seen me. I have
fixed my eyes on yours,; I have
joined my heart to your heart.”
He told the prisoners to write
their loved ones and relay his
promise to pray his Rosary and
celebrate his Mass for the pris
oners’ intentions.
The Pope raised his hand in
blessing. Twelve hundred pris
oners knelt. Then a cheer went
up that echoed with such vio
lence inside the tower that at
least one sound-recording appa
ratus was unable to capture it
without heavy distortion.
A reporter said afterwards:
“I never saw so many people
crying in all my life. The Pope
was crying. The governor of
the prison was crying. The pris
oners were crying. The guards,
the priests, everybody was cry
ing. I thought the place would
dissolve in a flood of tears.”
Less than a month after the
prison visit Pope John sprang
into the headlines again with a
historic announcement: an ecu
menical council of the Church’s
ruling bishops and' other offi
cials would be called.
To a group of 17 cardinals
at the Basilica of St. Paul-Out-
side-the-Walls on January 25,
feast of tke Conversion of St.
Paul, the Pope said: Q -
“We announce to you, in- ,
deed trembling a little with
emotion but at the same time
with humble resolution of in
tention, the name and the pro
posal of a two-fold celebration:
a diocesan synod for the city
(Rome) and an ecumenical coun
cil for the Universal Church.”
He continued:
“They will lead happily to
the desired and awaited up
dating of the code of canon law,
which should accompany and
crown these two tests of the
practical application of the pro
visions of Church discipline.” q_
The Pope gave no date for
the ecumenical council. But
preparations for it began almost
immediately. By early summer
of 1959 more than 2,700 of the
world’s ruling bishops, abbots
and major religious superiors
were instructed to submit their
suggestions for the council’s
agenda. By early autumn the
suggestions had arrived at the
Vatican, and the process of sift
ing them began.
Modern communications were
expected to hurry the actual
meeting of the council. The
Pope indicated it would convene
by 1961. A lapse of five years
separated the first steps toward
the last council, the Vatican
Council, and its actual conven
ing in 1869.
Preparations for the proposed
synod of the Rome diocese ad
vanced so rapidly that it was
expected to convene in the first
months of 1960 or even earlier.
The Pope, as Bishop of Rome,
presided at meetings of the
synod’s preparatory committees.
He said he expected the Roman
synod, a meeting of the dioce
san clergy for the purpose of
examining local Church prob
lems, customs and discipline, to
be a model for diocesan synods
throughout the world.
Of the reforms of canon law
that will grow out of the ecu
menical council and the synod,
the Pope said that the present
Code of Canon Law has been in
force more than 40 years and
it is now outdated on many
questions. It must therefore be
brought up to date to meet the
needs and circumstances of
present day life.”
He explained a short time
later:
MARRIAGES
JARDINA-LYONS
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AUGUSTA — Miss Mary
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daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wil
liam Aloysius Lyons of Augusta
and Dr. Philip Michael Jardina
of Atlanta and Boston, Mass.,
son of Mr. and Mrs. James Jos
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married October 17th at St.
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Rev. Msgr. Daniel J. Bourke,
V. F., officiating.
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“The Church is living. She is
not just the custodian of a mus
eum. Though the Church has
great respect for what is an
cient, beautiful and good, her
first concern is souls. That is
why the Church intends to give
dioceses a better ecclesiastical
and juridical structure.”
One interesting byproduct of
Pope John’s threefold an
nouncement — worldwide coun
cil, Roman synod, reform of
canon law — was the reappear
ance in news commentaries of
the phrases “Pope of Transi
tion” and “interim Pope.” But
this time the words were not
applied to Pope John, as they
had been during the flurry of
speculation surrounding his first
days as Pope. They were re
called in irony.
Worldwide interest in the an
nouncement was overwhelming,
especially when the Pope made
it clear a few days later that
Christian unity was a foremost
aim of the ecumenical council.
Major secular newspapers in
both hemispheres commented
editorially on the forthcoming
council. Dr. Charles Malik of
Lebanon, then president of the
United Nations General Assem
bly and a member of the Greek
Orthodox Church, said the coun
cil could be “greater than any
thing that has happened so far
in this 20th century, or indeed
in many a long century past.”
Protestant and Orthodox reac
tion was lively but cautious;
for the most part it was cordial.
During Lent Pope John re
vived the ancient custom of pa
pal participation in rites at
Rome’s stational churches. On
Sundays he walked in public
processions through the streets
of Rome to whatever church
was singled out that day for
special ceremonies.
The popes had taken part in
lenten stational ceremonies un
til the 14th century, when they
moved to Avignon, France. Af
ter their return to Rome the
practice fell into disuse.
Weekly Calendar
Of Feast Days
(N. C. W. C. News Service)
SUNDAY, November 1 — All
Saints. In addition to the per
sons whom the Church honors
by special designation, or has
inscribed on the Calendar of
Saints, there are many whose
names are not recorded. Pope
Gregory IV, in the ninth cen
tury, decreed that this feast
should be kept by the Church
in honor of all the Saints,
named and nameless, known
and unknown.
MONDAY, November 2 — All
Souls’ Day, which commemo
rates all of the faithful departed.
All Souls’ Day was introduced
by St. Odilo, who lived in the
11th century and was abbot of
the famous Benedictine Monas
tery at Cluny, France. Subse
quently the commemoration was
extended throughout the
Church, and by a decree of
Pope Benedict XV all priests
are permitted to offer three
Masses on All Souls’ Day.
TUESDAY, November 3 — St.
Quartus, Confessor. He lived in
the first century; he is men
tioned by St. Paul in his Epistle
to the Romans as “greeting the
Christians in Rome.” Some tra
ditions describe him as one of
the 72 disciples, others add that
he was a bishop.
WEDNESDAY, November 4
St. Charles Borromeo, Bish
op-Confessor. Scion of an an
cient Lombard family, he was
created a cardinal at the age of
22 and made Archbishop of his
native Milan by his uncle, Pope
Pius IV. In an age of lax disci
pline, he was a model of austere
virtue. He was largely responsi
ble for the success of the Coun
cil of Trent and for the adminis
tration of the council’s decrees.
Throughout Milan’s great
plague, he remained in the city,
constantly attending the sick
and dying. He died in 1584 and
his body was enshrined under
the high altar in his cathedral.
THURSDAY, November 5 —
SS. Zachary and Elizabeth, par
ents of St. John the Baptist.
The opening passage of the Gos
pel of St. Luke records the
story of the Angel Gabriel ap
pearing to Zachary and inform
ing him that his wife, though
advanced in years, would bear
a child. Zachary was struck
dumb until the angel’s prophecy
was fulfilled. It was St. Eliza
beth, a kinswoman of the
Blessed Virgin, who at the Visi
tation uttered the words which
are now a part of the Hail Mary
■— “Blessed are thou amongst
women and blessed is the fruit
of thy womb.”
FRIDAY, November 6 — St.
Severius, Bishop-Martyr. He
was Bishop of Barcelona in
Spain and was put to death in
303 under Diocletian’s persecu
tion. His martyrdom consisted
of having his head pierced with
a spike.
SATURDAY, November 7 —
St. Prosdocimus, Bishop-Con
fessor. He was consecrated by
St. Peter as the first Bishop of
Padua, Italy, where he con
verted a multitude of Pagans.
He died about 100.
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