Newspaper Page Text
PAGE 2—THE BULLETIN, July 23, 1960
JOHN MARSHALL
LAW SCHOOL
JUNIOR COLLEGE
105 Forrest
Ave., N. E.
JA. 3-8580
“Around the Corner from
Sacred Heart Church”
Day And Evening Classes
The Catholic in America
C&S REALTY
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“Specialists in Commercial-
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604 Mortgage Guarantee
Building
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MIKE & STEVE SERTICH
JA. 4-2053
This is one of a series of arti
cles reviewing the position • and
experience of the practicing Cath
olic in the life of the American
community from Colonial times.
The author holds a doctorate in
American history, has taught in
various universities, and is pre
sently Archivist and Historian of
the Archdiocese of St. Louis.
MARYLAND: SANCTUARY
AND THEN PRISON
FOR CATHOLICS
More bitter than her father,
Henry VIII and determined to
protect her
po s i t i o n as
sovereign,
Elizabeth I of
England used 1 1
every possible
means of sup
pressing her
Catholic sub
jects.
Torture and death on the
scaffold were physical barbari
ties suffered by many. Virtually
all were afflicted by the fines
imposed for failure to attend
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J
the Anglican religious services.
In the late 1500’s the jails
and prisons became so over
crowded with impoverished
Catholics that the local officials
begged the Queen to send no
more.
THE ONLY REFUGE
Thus Elizabeth was faced
with a double dilemma, for she
did not want to exile wealthy
and influential Catholics. Con
sequently, the Act of 1593 pro
hibited them from leaving the
homeland.
On the other hand, those who
had no more than a pittance or
less were urged to quit the
kingdom. This same law made
it treasonable for them to go to
the continent. With all Europe
closed, the New World was the
only possible refuge for perse
cuted Catholics.
As early as 1583, both as spon
sors and as emigrants, Catho
lics participated in an expedi
tion under Sir Humphrey Gil
bert. In a disaster off the coast
of Maine immigrants perished
together with Catholic hopes of
an American refuge. While a
few of the faithful participated
in other ventures, the failure of
these attempts caused the 16th
century to pass with no settle-
ment for them opened in the
New World.
Not one of the old Catholic
families but a convert, furnish
ed the means and the leader-
shin of the first and only suc
cessful Catholic settlement. As
a graduate of Oxford, it af
ter James I had succeeded
Elizabeth that George Calvert
returned from a tour of the
continent.
From James Catholics had
hoped for toleration because of
his own Catholic background.
But to further his own ambi
tions, James had acquiesced in
the execution of his mother, the
romantic Mary Stuart. Any
consideration he may have en
tertained for the expectantly
eager Catholics vanished from
the moment of the discovery of
the unfortunate Gunpowder
Plot to blow up the King and
Parliament.
George Calvert already was
high in the favor of the King.
Like St. Paul, he then partici
pated in the persecution of
the Catholics he later joined.
He was promoted to Secretary
of State; in appreciation of his
service James knighted him and
bestowed a large estate in Ire
land.
All this royal preferment Lord
Baltimore — the title which had
come to Calvert — risked in
order to embrace the Catholic
Faith. Fortunately the friend
ship of the King was retained.
Calvert, however, resigned as
Secretary of State because he
could no more take the oath of.
office than one of the early
Catholics could offer incense be
fore a statue of the Roman Em
peror.
CHARLES GRANTS
CHARTER
In 1627 Calvert sailed with
Catholic and Protestant colo
nists for Newfoundland. Early
in 1629 Lady Baltimore and
their children followed. New
foundland was considered at
tractive because of being closer
to Europe and of the same lati
tude, but the climate proved
too rigorous for the colony to
endure.
Going southward, Baltimore
was brusauely refused admis
sion to Virginia because of his
religion. To return to England
for a second attempt was his
only hope.
James I had died but his son,
Charles, was equally friendly to
the Calverts. To Lord Baltimore
the King granted a charter for
settlement on both sides of
Chesapeake Bay, stipulating
that the colony was to be nam
ed Maryland after Henrietta
Marie, the French Catholic who
was his Queen.
Perhaps worn out by his ex
ertions overseas, Lord Baltimore
died at this very time. Long
delay or disaster could have
been the fate of Catholic aspi
rations. But Charles I confirm-
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BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA
ed the grant to the Baron’s old
est son, Cecil.
The second Lord Baltimore,
like his father a zealous Catho
lic convert, proceeded with the
plans for a settlement in the
New World. Reflecting the
struggles of Charles I with a
recalcitrant Parliament, the
charter was a unique document
in two ways. First, all power
in the colony was vested in
Lord Baltimore.
“Monarch of all he surveyed”
was true of Cecil Calvert with
in the confines of the grant.
Moreover, by the fourth sec
tion of the charter Catholics had
a refuge for the first time since
Elizabeth I ascended the throne
of England some 70 years be
fore.
As his father had done for
the venture to Newfoundland,
Cecil Calvert made the colony
open to all, Catholics and non-
Catholic. Before they departed
he warned his co-religionists
against giving offense by word
or deed to those not of the
Faith. Such caution was wise.
Once the project had become
known violent protests spewed
forth. Those opposing the sail
ing openly declared the fervor
of Protestants would disappear
if there were no Catholics in
England to hunt down. If wry
humor be permitted, the faith
ful then might be compared to
a dog track where without the
electric rabbit the hounds would
cease to run.
FIRST MASS
But Cecil Calvert was as stur
dy and unyielding as his father.
Despite rantings and threats the
ARK and the DOVE bravely
sailed forth and the perilous
voyage across the Atlantic was
completed successfully. The
first Mass in the Maryland col
ony was celebrated by Father
Andrew White on the Feast of
the Annunciation, 1634.
Lord Baltimore appointed his
brother, Leonard, Governor of
the colony. Friendly relations
were established with the Indi
ans and it was not from the red
men that attacks came.
Armed forays were made
against the new settlement by
neighboring Virginians. Danger
ous though these were, it was
from within that the greatest
danger gradually arose.
Maryland was intended to be
a Catholic refuge but, as has
been noted, immigration to the
colony was not limited to the
faithful. Nor was there any re
striction once settlement was
successfully established.
Wrangling already had brok
en out among the Puritans in
America and non-conformists
were expelled from the Massa
chusetts Bay Colony. These and
others found a haven on Ches
apeake Bay. Rather than labor
ing under restrictions, some of
these exiles actually were pro
tected from Catholic aggression.
In the first years two heavy
fines were exacted from Cath
olic settlers who had violated
the freedom guaranteed to
Protestants.
The sanctuary of Catholics
became the refuge of dissenters
among the Puritans. Too soon
it was the Catholics who were
to suffer from this charitable
hospitality.
The colony had prospered
during the 13 years that Leon
ard Calvert was governor. At
his death, however, non-Catho-
lics far outnumbered the faith
ful and Lord Baltimore was
forced to appoint a Protestant
governor.
In 1649 the Maryland Assem
bly passed its justly renowned
Toleration Act. This celebrated
statue provided for religious
freedom for every Christian!
Catholics may take everlasting
OBITUARIES
REQUIEM FOR
SISTER EMILE
DOULEURS
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Sister Emilie DesSept
Douleurs were held in the Cha
pel of the Little Sisters of the
Poor, July 8th.
Services For
Mrs. McDonald
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices for Mrs. Willian Fahey Mc
Donald were held July 7th. at
the Cathedral of St. John the
Baptist.
Atlanta Services
Salvatore Valenzo
ATLANTA — Funeral serv
ices for Mr. Salvatore Valenzo
were held at the Sacred Heart
Church July 4th, Rev. Father
Thomas J. Roshetko officiating.
Services For
Mrs. Murden
SAVANNAH — Funeral serv
ices were held July 7 at the
Sacred Heart Church for Mrs.
Janie Walsh Murden.
Mrs. Murden is survived by a
daughter, Miss Margaret M.
Murden; a sister, Miss Agnes T.
Walsh; three nephews and a
niece.
Services For
R. H. Myles
WAYCROSS — Funeral serv
ices for Robert H. Myles, who
was killed in a plane crash,
were held July 13th at St. Jos
eph’s Church.
Survivors are his wife, the
pride that a commencement of
religious freedom in the United
States originated from the faith
ful in the colony of Maryland.
Dissenters of every variety,
therefore, had full rights with
the Catholic founders. Soon the
givers were to be excluded from
the enjoyment of the freedom
granted. About five years later
Catholicity actually was out
lawed in the colony. “No Pop
ery” resounded as loudly and
vehemently on the Chesapeake
as it had in the Puritan Com-
monweath of Massachusetts.
After the death of Oliver
Cromwell and the restoration
of the Stuarts in England, the
colony was returned to Lord
Baltimore. Nontheless, until the
American Revolution freedom
for the faithful in Maryland was
precarious. At times restrictions
were relaxed; again the largest
body of Catholics in the English
colonies were subjected to se
vere penal laws.
A century later Maryland en
acted legislation which weighed
down all property owned by
Catholics with double taxation.
Catholics of 18th Century Mary
land actually considered quit
ting the colony entirely to make
a new start in French Louisiana.
Only on the outbreak of coloni
al disagreement with the mo
ther country prior to the Revo
lution was this proposal post
poned.
But Maryland, the Land of
Sanctuary, had become a prison
for the faithful. Whether shout
ed by Puritans or by Anglicans,
“No Popery” was the cry in
command. Toleration was for
gotten, religious freedom had
been blotted out on the statute
books of the English colonies in
America.
Next Issue: Pennsylvania Af
forded Catholics Freedom Out
side the Law.
225 BUCKHEAD AVE., N. E., ATLANTA. GA.
PHONE CE. 3-1133
PHONE JA. 2-6500
589 FORREST RD., N. E.
ATLANTA 12. GA.
CHAMBLEE CHAPEL
Mrs. Geo. W. Marchman, Licensed Catholic Funeral Directress
George W. Marchman, Jr., Catholic Funeral Director
GL. 7-3101 North Peachtree Rd.
Chamblee, Ga.
former Miss Phyllis Pritchard;
three sons, Robert H. Myles, Jr.,
student at Notre Dame Univer
sity, William T. and Anthony C.
Myles, both of Waycross, par
ents, Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Myles
of Alamanca, N. Y.; three bro
thers, John M. Myles of Ham
burg, N. Y., Raymond B. Myles
of Aiken, S. C„ and Thomas A.
Myles of Buffalo, N. Y.
Rome Services For
William J. Pilson
ROME — Funeral services for
William Joseph Pilson were
held at St. Mary’s Church July
6th.
Surviving are his wife, the
former Miss Isabel Pilson of
Rome; one daughter, Mrs.
Charles Von Herrmann, III, of
Athens and one grandchild.
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