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The face is chipped about thirty
times between March and the middle
of October. At each chipping a thin
chip about one-half inch deep and
from one-half to one inch is removed,
so that at the end of the season the
face has a length of about twenty-six
inches. For the next four seasons,
the face is lengthened about thirty
Inches for each, until at the end of
the fifth, the streak is approximately
twelve feet from the ground.
The chipping is accomplished with
an axe having a peculiarly curved
blade. The plane of the blade is set
at* a slight angle to the axis of the
handle such that the operator may
cut a chip from the tree by a down
ward stroke while standing slightly to
one side and in front of the face. The
edge of the blade has the form of an
arc of a circle instead of that of the
usual straight line. Considerable skill
is required to use the axe effectually.
As the face reaches a position above
the convenient reach of the chipper a
ladder formed of a round pole bearing
triangular blocks attached at intervals
along one side, is placed against the
tree and the chipper climbs to the re
quired height. The upper end bears a
sharp point so arranged as to pene
trate the bark and thus prevent its
displacement. The iron hook is usual
ly so formed as to furnish a sharp
scraper with ' which, if desired, the
chipper may scarify the face from the
ground by a straight downward pull.
Dipping is accomplished once every
two weeks in much the same manner
as by the cup system in the United
States, the dipper carrying a small
paddle with which he cleans the gut
ter and scrapes out the cup. On high
faces the cup is removed by means of
a piece of strap iron bent so as to
form a part of a circle and attached
to one end of an extension pole. At
the end of the season the cups, gut
ters, and nails are removed and the
scrape cleaned from the face and
caught on a cloth spread on the
ground at the base of the tree. Since
the face is only about four inches
wide the percentage of scrape to dip
is small.
As the trees become larger and the
first face attains to considerable
length a second is started about one-
third of the circumference of the tree
to one side. Upon the attainment of
the second nearly to full length a
third is made. By the time that the
third has reached full length from el
even to fourteen years has elapsed
since the first was started. If desired,
the tree may be legged at this time al
though usually the bleeding continues
for some time longer, more new faces
being made until eight or more have
been formed, but never more than a
single new one each year. The fourth
is placed near the first since by that
time it has nearly grown over again.
In this way the tree always has suffl-!
dent bark to allow growth to contin
ue practically unabated.
This method of bleeding is known
as “bleeding alive,” as in contrast to
“bleeding to death” which is often
practiced upon trees that are intended
THE ATL ANTI AN
to be removed for lumber or other
purposes. In such instances the faces
are placed very close together and
are continued for only about three
years when the tree is cut.
The cup, or Huge’s method, has been
in use since 1840. The old method
differed chiefly in that the gum was
the face into a small hollow formed in
the sand at the base of the tree. This
method yielded a much inferior grade
of gum and is now practically unused.
Tne yield of gum varies from three
to five pounds per face.per year in the
case of bleeding alive.” By “bleeding
to death” a yield of from eighteen to
twenty pounds per tree is obtained.
Copper stills used for distillation are
usually heated with steam and equip
ped with thermostats so that the op
eration is conducted throughout upon
a definite basis which guarantees un
iform and high grade results.
Turpentining is carried on in South
west France along the shores of the
Bay of Biscay and is really only a
secondary reason for planting the for
ests. This whole region was at one
time threatened with devastation by
sand dunes which were constantly
moving inland, driven by ocean winds.
To fix these dunes the maritime pine
was planted in conjunction with hardy
grasses primarily to form a forest cov
er and to protect the soil from the
winds. The pine is a small tree with
coarse textured wood but which is uti
lized for timber purposes after its life
of furnishing naval stores is ended.
It yields an abundance of rosin
quite comparable to that of the West
ern yellow pine of the United States,
though not in such copious amounts
as does our longleaf pine- of the South
Atlantic States.
BRIGHT BITS.
The Pessimist—We’ll pay for all
this fine weather later on.
The Optimist—Well, cheer up!
That’s the regular time for paying
for things, isn’t it?—Puck.
“Love is the wine of life,” quoted
the Wise Guy.
“And marriage is the morning aft
er,” added the Simple Mug.—Philadel
phia Record.
"How is the June bride getting
along?”
“Splendidly. She’s only got two
more pickle dishes to exchange, and
then she’ll be all through.”—Detroit
Free Press.
“But you spent enough money on
me before we were married,” protest
ed his wife.
- “True, my dear,” replied her hus
band; “I had It to spend then.”—Chi
cago Daily News.
“That was a terrible accident at
your house. How did it happen?”
“Well, you see the maid started to
fry potatoes in some of that Standard
Oil petroleum butter and it exploded."
—Detroit Free Press.
“Your boy was Just a little—er—
wild when he was at college, wasn’t
he?”
“Oh, yes, he generally was a little
wild at first Couldn’t get ’em over
the plate, you know. But he always
steadied down before the game was
over.”—Chicago Tribune.
Little Pat—“Pa, th’ pa-aper do be
sayin’ 'Among th’ prizes of th’ mu-
see’m c’lection ar’re a number av
uniques.’ What’s a Unique, I dunno?”
Big Pat—“A Unique is an English
baste, bad cess to it, wid only wan
horn. Ye’ll not go to th’ exhibishun!”
—Cleveland Leader.
“Say, paw,” said little Sammy
Short, “Mr. Silverton told me today
that I was a second edition of you."
“That was nice of him,” rejoined
old man Short. “How did he come
to say it?”
“I struck him for a quarter,” an
swered Short, Jr.—Chicago News.
The Manager—We had 23 people in
the house last night.
His Friend—Good. The new play
must be catching on.
The Manager—Well, I wouldn’t go
so far as to say that. Eleven of the
23 were process servers and 6 more
deputy sheriffs.—Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
ODD, ISN’T IT?
A match has a head but no face..
A watch has a face but no head.
A river has a mouth but no tongue.
A wagon has a tongue but no mouth.
An umbrella has ribs but no trunk.
A tree has a trunk but no ribs.
A clock has hands but no arms.
The sea has arms but no hands.
A rooster has a comb but no hair.
A rabbit has hair but no comb.
Odd, isn’t it?
21
JOKES THAT MADE NEW
YORK THEATER GOERS
LAUGH.
Father (scolding son)—My boy,
your life’s motto should be: “Early to
bed, early to rise.”
Son—Father, stop! I don’t want to
be a milkman.
Father—I don ; t know what’s the
matter with my son. He’s got a hab
it of walking in his sleep.
Mother—Let’s get him a job on the
police force.
She—How are you feeling today?
He—Oh, like seven days.
She—How does it feel to be that
way?
He—Just a little weak.
Father—If you marry that girl, I’ll
positively cut you off without one cent
of money.
Son—What care I? I think I’m able
to make my own living without your
help.
Father—Make your own living? At
what, pray?
Son—Giving boxing instructions.
Father—Boxing instructions! Ha,
Ha! The only place you could give
boxing instructions would be in a de
partment store.
“Why do you call me old? I’m not
old.
“Old? Why, I’ll bet you had a fur
nished room in Noah’s Ark."
—Haines and Vidocq, at the Bronx
Theatre.
Peachtree Street Looking North.