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The Church
And Politics
Following is part one of a two-part translation of an ad
dress on “The Church and Politics” made to newspapermen
at the Vatican Secretariat of State on November 9 by Msgr.
Igino Cardinale, Chief of Protocol. Msgr. Cardinale says that
when overriding spiritual or moral questions are at stake
in the political sphere or when a group of nations
“unanimously” seek the good offices of the Holy See as med
iator, the Vatican is bound to enter the area of temporal
politics always maintaining a nonpartisan attitude.
Church and State are both
perfect societies, thus sover
eign in their own order. The
subject of common interest, or,
we may say, of the “materia
circa quam” (matter about
which) their respective sover
eignty is exercised, requires
among them harmony and co
operation, so that each indi
vidual citizen may freely find
in the Church the means to
achieve his final supernatural
end, which is the sanctification
and salvation of the soul. It
also requires that the citizen
have every necessary aid in the
civil society, so that he may
achieve his final aim: the de
velopment of his personality in
the peacefulness and wellbeing
which it is the duty of the State
to promote in all realms of
social life.
Since the Church is a visi
ble society, whose life is nec
essarily tied to the physical
manner of being and to the con
ditions of space and time in
which man lives, its action must
envelop the life of the faith
ful singly. But it also makes
a mark in the history of all
humanity, whose members are
more or less influenced by it.
The salutary influence of the
Church over international po
licies is thus determined.
We plan this evening to study
in simple and precise terms
nature of such influence, the
way in which it is effected and
the goal proposed so that Ca
tholics may live their Faith
calmly and peacefully and the
Church may furnish to the state
the solid support that she gives
wherever she is permitted free
ly to unfold her powers.
The Church, as shown by even
a bird’s eye view of the his
tory of civilization, has never
been entirely extraneous to the
field of international politics.
Her action has had influence
in different ways in the life of
peoples according to the ever-
changing physiognomy of the
restless course of the history
of civilization. Having risen out
of hiding and persecution as
conqueror of the Roman genius,
the Church authoritatively
directs the fates of civilized
peoples up to the formation of
the various nations.
She faced Roman and Greek
emperors, German and Slavic
kings, absolute and limited
monarchies, republics and dic
tatorships , and even anarchy,
until—with the modern pro
gress of democratic ideas--she
found the way to make her voice
known and her directives appre
ciated through the legitimate
participation of her children in
the activity of the various po
litical and social organiza
tions of the state.
RELATIONS OF POLITICS
TO ETHICS, RELIGION
The operating presence of the
Church in the temporal sphere
is inspired by some basic prin
ciples, the understanding of
which projects a clean-cut light
over its activity in the poli
tical field. In order that this be
truly beneficial, it must in fact
be based on a sound philosophic
theological and juridical equili
brium that, while respecting
the autonomy of the civil power,
includes a just hierarchy of val
ues in which the material is
subordinated to the spiritual,
and the temporal to the eternal.
To understand the extent of such
activity, it is necessary to
return to certain concepts which
FOB IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NATIONAL LEGION OF DECENCY
453 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 22, N. Y. —
RIGHT REV. MSGR. THOMAS F. LITTLE. S.T.L.
Executive Secretary
REV. PATRICK J. SULLIVAN, S.J., S.T.D.
Assistant Executive Secretary
MRS. JAMES F. LOORAM, L.H.D.
Chairman, Motion Picture Department, I. F. C. A.
A moral estimate of current entertainment feature
motion pictures prepared under the direction of
the New York Office of the National Lemon of
Decency with the co-operation of the Motion
Picture Department of the International Federa
tion of Catholic Alumnae.
CLASS A —Section I —Morally Unobjectionable for General Patronage
Honeymoon Machine—MGM
Air Patrol—Fox
Alakjuam, The Great—Am. Inti.
Almost Angels—Buena Vista
Bashful Elephant—AA
Beauty and the Beast—UA
Best of Enemies—Col.
Big Red—Buena Vista
Big Wave—AA
Bon Voyage—Buena Vista
Boy Who Caught a Crook (Was: Boy Who
Found *100,000)—UA
Capture That Capsule—UA
Cash On Demand—Col.
Cinderella (Russ.)—Janus
Coming Out Party (Br.)—Union
Constantine and the Cross—Embassy
Dalton Who Got Away—Dalton
Damon and Pythias—MGM
Damn the Defiant (Br.)—Col.
Day Mars Invaded the Earth—Fox
Dentist in the Chair, A (Br.)—Ajay Film Co.
Escape from East Berlin—MGM
Five Weeks in a Balloon—Fox
Flight That Disappeared—UA
Follow That Dream—UA
Francis of Assisi—Fox
Gay Purree—War.
Gigot—Fox
Great Van Robbery—UA
Harold Lloyd’s World of Comedy—Continental
Hatari—Para.
Heroes Island—UA
Hey, Let’s Twist—Para.
In Search of the Castaways—Buena Vista
Invasion of the Star Creatures—Am, Inti.
Invasion Quartet—MGM
Island, The (Jap.)—Zenith
It’s Only Money—Para.
Jack the Giant Killer—UA
Jpseph and His Brethern—(Ital.)—Colorama
t Jumbo—MGM
Kill or Cure—(Br.)—MGM
Land We Love—UA
Legend of Lobo—Buena Vista
Longest Day, The—Fox
Make Way for Lila—Parade Releasing
Marco Polo—Am. Inti.
Merrill's Marauders—War.
Modern Times—United Artists
Moon Pilot—Buena Vista
Mothra—Col
Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation—MGM
Music Man—War.
My Six Loves—Para.
Mysterious Island—Col.
Mystery Submarine—U-I
Nearly a Nasty Accident—U-I
Nikki, Wild Dog of the North—Buena Vista
No Man Is An Island—U-I
Password Is Courage—MGM
Phantom of the Opera—U-I
Phantom Planet—Am. Inti.
Pied Piper of Hamelin—Prod. Unlimited
Pirates of Tortuga—Fox
Prisoner of the Iron Mask—Am. Inti.
Purple Hills—Fox
CLASS A — Section II — Morally Unobjectionable for
All Night Long—Colorama
Antigone (Greek)—Ellis Films
Atlantis, the Lost Continent—MGM’
Barabbas—Col.
Belle Sommers—Col.
Beyond All Limits—Pathe-Am
Big Money—UA
Billy Budd—AA
Birdmen of Alcatraz—UA
Bridge to the Sun—MGM
Brushfire—Para.
Burn, Witch, Burn—Am. Inti.
Burning Nights—UA
Cat Burglar—UA
Convicts 4 (was Reprieve)—AA
Court Martial (Ger.)—UA.
Cow and I, The (Fr.)—Zenith Inti.
Days of Wine and Roses—War.
Devi (Ind.)—Harrison
Devil at 4 O’clock—Col. (Ind.)
Don’t Knock the Twist—Col.
Dr. Blood’s Coffin—UA
Electra—UA
Escape From Zahrain—Para.
Everybody Go Home (Ital.)—Davis-Royal
Experiment In Terror—Col.
Fear No More—Pathe-America
Five Finger Exercise—Col.
Flame in the Streets (Br.)—Atlantic
CLASS A-
Ada—MGM
Adventures of a Young Man—Fox
All Fall Down—MGM
And the Wild, Wild Women (Ital.)—Trai
Lux
Armored Command—AA
Baltic Express (Pol.)—Telepix Corp.
Battle of Stalingrad (Swed.)—Trans-Lux
Boys Night Out—MGM
Breakfast At Tiffany’s—Para.
Cape Fear—U-I
Claudelle Inglish—War.
Children’s Hour—UA
Come September—U-I
Counterfeit Traitor—Para.
Couch, The—War.
•Crime Does Not Pay (Fr.)—Embassy
Critic’s Choice—War.
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse—MGM
Great War, The—Lopert
Hitler—AA
Horror Chamber of Dr. Faustus—UA
Horror Hotel—Trans-Lux
Hustler, The—Fox
If a Man Answers—U-I
Follow That Man—UA
40 Pounds of Trouble—U-I
Frantic (Fr.)—Times Film Corp.
Geronimo—UA
Girls, Girls, Girls—Para.
Guns of Darkness—War.
Hand of Death—Fox
Hands of a Stranger—AA
Hell Is For Heroes—Para.
Hellions, The—Col.
Horizontal Lieutenant—MGM
Kid Galahad—UA
Lawrence of Arabia—Col.
Lion, The—Fox
Lisa—Fox
Lonely Are the Brave—U-I
Long Absence (Fr.)—Commercial Pictures
Loves of Salammbo—Fox
Man Who Died Twice—Rep.
Man Who Shot Liberty Valance—Para.
Manster—UA
Matter of Who (Br.)—Cardinal
Mighty Ursus—UA
Miracle Worker—UA
Mutiny On the Bounty—MGM
Naked Edge—UA
Night Creatures—U-I
Pirates of Blood River—Col.
Pit and the Pendulum—Am. Inti.
Playboy of the Western World—(Br.)—Janus
• Section III — Morally Unobjection
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
I Like Money—Fox
Information Received (Br.)—U-I
Interns—Col.
1 Thank a Fool—MGM
Last Year At Marienbad (Fr.)—Astor
Lovers of Teruel—(Fr.)—Continental
Manchurian Candidate—UA
Married Too Young—Headliner
Money, Money, Money (Fr.)—Times Film
Corp.
Murder, Inc.—Fox
Notorious Landlady*—Col.
On Any Street (was: La Notte Brava) (Ital.)
—Miller
One Plus One—Selected Pics.
Only Two Can Play (Br.)—Col.
Panic in Your Zero—Am. Inti.
Period of Adjustment—MGM
Pigeon That Took Rome—Para.
Rebel with a Cause (was: Loneliness of the
Long Distance Runner) (Br.)—Continental
Ride the High Country—MGM
Rider On a Dead Horse—AA
Rocco and His Brothers (Ital.)—Astor
Rome Adventure—War.
Satan Never Sleeps—Fox
Queen of the Pirates—Col.
Reluctant Saint—Col.
Ring a Ding Rhythm—Col.
Road to Hong Kong—UA
Runaway—Arpix
Safe At Home—Col.
Search for Paradise—Stanley Warner
Sergeant Was a Lady—U-I
Sergeants 3—UA
Snake Woman—UA
Story of the Count of Monte Cristo—War.
Stowaway in the Sky—UA
Swinging Along—Fox
Swordsman of Siena—MGM
Tarzan Goes to India—MGM
Teenage Millionaire—UA
Thief of Baghdad—MGM
300 Spartans—Fox
Three Stooges in Orbit—Col.
Three Stooges Meet Hercules—Col.
Town Like Alice, A (Br.)—Rank
Trojan Horse (Ital.)—Colorama
Underwater City—Col.
Valley of the Dragons—Col.
Voyage to ftid Bottom of the Sea—Fox
We’ll Bury You—Col.
When the Clock Strikes—UA
Wild Westerners—Col.
Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm—
MGM
You Have to Run Fast—UA
Young Guns of Texas—Fox
Zotz—Col.
Adults and Adolescents
Premature Burial—Am. Inti.
Requiem for a Heavyweight—Col.
Samson and the Seven Miracles of the World
Am. Inti.
Sardonicus—Col.
Savage Guns—MGM
Scream of Fear—Col.
Secret of Deep Harbor—UA
Shame of the Sabine Women (Ital.)—U.P.R.C.
Six Black Horses—U-I
Spiral Road—U-I
Stagecoach to Dancer’s Rock—U-I
State Fair—Fox
Sword of the Conqueror—UA
13 West Street—Col.
Tales of Terror—Am. Inti.
Taras Bulba—UA
Third of a Man—UA
Trunk, The—Col.
Twenty Plus Two—AA
Twist All Night—Am. Inti.
Two Tickets To Paris—Col.
Valiant—UA
Virgins of Rome (Ital.)—UA
War Hunt—UA
Weekend With Lulu—fob
World In My Pocket—MGM
Young Doctors—UA
Young Ones—Para.
able for Agj^lts
Arturo’s Island—(Ital.)—MGM
Bachelor Flat—Fox
Back Street—U-I
Bloody Brood, The—Pathe-Am.
Brain That Wouldn’t Die—Am. Inti.
Cabinet of Caligari—Fox
Candide—(Fr.)—Union Films
Chapman Report—War.
Concrete Jungle—Fanfare
Confession of An Opium Eater—AA
Day the Earth Caught Fire—U-I
♦Diamond Head—Col.
Doctor In Love—Rank
Dr. No—UA
Explosive Generation—UA
Firebrand, The—Fox
Five Minutes To Live—Pathe-Am.
Force of Impulse—Pathe-America
Frightened City, The—AA
Girl Named Tamiko, A—Para.
Goodbye Again—UA
Guns of the Black Witch—Am. Intal
Gypsy—War.
Head, The—Trans-Lux
CLASS B—— Morally Objectionable in Part
House of Fright (was: Two Faces of Dr.
Jckyll)—Amer. Inti.
House of Women—War.
It Happened In Athens—Fox
Jessica—UA
Joker, The (Fr.)—Lopert
Journey to the Seventh Planet—Am. Inti.
Kind of Loving, A (Br.)—Governor
La Viaccia (Ital.)—Embassy
Leda (Fr.)*—Times
Lover, Come Back—U-I
Lovers On a Tightrope (Fr.)—Interworld
Madame—(Ital.)—Embassy
Man Trap—Para.
Marines Let’s Go—Fox
Mark, The (Irish)—Continental
Mary Had a Little (Br.)—Lopert
Maxine (Fr.)—Interworld
Mongols—Colorama
Night of Evil—Pathe-Am.
Nights of Rasputin (Ital.)—Premiere
No Exit—(Fr.)—Zenith Inti.
No Love for Johnny (Br.)—Embassy
Paris Blues—UA
Passion of Slow Fire (Fr.)—Trans-Lux
And God Created Woman (Fr.)—Kingsley
Baby Doll—War.
Bed of Grass (Greek)—Trans-Lux
Bell’Antonio (Ital.)—Embassy Films
Boccaccio 70 (Ital.)—Embassy
Breathless (Fr.)—Films Around World
Cold Wind In August—Aidart
Come Dance With Me (Fr.)—Kingsley-Intl.
During One Night (Br.)—Astor
Expresso Bongo (Br.)—Continental
Five Day Lover (Fr.)—Kingsley- Inti.
Girl With the Golden Eyes (Fr.)—Union Films
Green Carnation (was: Trials of Oscar Wilde)
(Br.)—Warwick Films
Green Mare (Fr.)—Zenith
Heroes and Sinners (Fr.)—Janus
I Am a Camera—DCA
I Love, You Love (Ital.)—Davis-Royal
Joan of the Angels?—Polish-Telepix
Jules and Jim (Fr.)—Janus
L’Avventura (Ital.)—Janus
La Notte (Night) (Ital.)—Lopert
SEPARATE CLASSIFICATION
(A Separate Classification is given to certain films which, while not morally offensive in themselves,
as a protection to the uninformed against wrong interpretations and false conclusions.)
CLASS C — Condemned
Lady Chatterley s Lover (Fr.)—Kingsley
f.es Liaisons Dangereuses (Fr.)—Astor Pic
tures, Inc.
Liane, Jungle Goddess—DCA
Love Game (Fr.)—Films Around World
Love is My Profession (Fr.)—Kingsley-Intl.
Lovers, The (Fr.)—Zenith
Mademoiselle Striptease (Fr.)—DCA
Magdalena (Ger.)—Buhawk
Maid in Paris (Fr.)—Bellon-Foulke
Mating Urge—Citation
Miller’s Beautiful Wife (Ital.)—DCA
Mitsou (Fr.)—Zenith Inti.
Mom and Dad (Sideroad)—Hallmark Prod.
Moon Is Blue, The—UA
Never On Sunday (Greek)—Lopert
Nude Odyssey, The (Ital.)—Davis-Royal
Odd Obsession (Jap.)—Harrison
Oscar Wilde (Br.)—Four City Enterprises
Passionate Summer (Fr.-Ital.)—Kingsley
Phaedra (Gk.)—Lopert
Adam and Eve (Mex.)—Wm. Horne
Advise and Consent—Col.
Anatomy of a Murder—Col
Case of Dr. Laurent (Fr.)—Trans-Lux
Circle of Deception—Fox
Cleo from S to 7 (Fr.)—Zenith
Crowning Experience—MRA
•Divorce, Italian Style (Ital.)—Embassy
Freud—U-I
Girl of the Night—War.
Important Man (Mexican)—Lopert
Intruder—Pathe-Am.
King of Kings—MGM
La Dolce Vita (Ital.)—Astor Pictures, Inc.
Lolita—Seven Arts
Long Day’s Journey Into Night—Embassy
Martin Luther—de Rochemont
Never Take Candy From a Stranger—Omar
Corp.
Season of Passion—UA
Secrets of Nazi Criminals (Swed.)—Trans-Lux
Summer and Smoke—Para.
Sundays and Cybele (Fr.)—Davis-Royal
Susan Slade—War.
Sweet Bird of Youth—MGM
Taste of Honey—Continental
Tender Is the Night—Fox
Term of Trial—War.
Three On a Spree—UA
Through a Glass Darkly (Swed.)—Janus
Thunder of Drums—MGM
To Kill a Mockingbird—U-I
Tower of London—UA
Town Without Pity—UA
Trial and Error—MGM
Two for the Seesaw—UA
Two Women (Ital.)—Embassy
View From the Bridge—Continental
•Warriors Five—Am. Inti.
West Side Story—UA
Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?—War.
* Where the Truth Lies (Fr.)—Para.
Who’s Got the Action—Para.
Wolf Larsen—AA
Yojimbo—(Jap.)—Seneca Inti.
for All
Payroll—AA
Peeping Tom—Astor
Private Lives of Adam and Eve—U-I
Purple Noon (Fr.)—Times
Shoot the Piano Player (Fr.)—Astor
Siege of Syracuse—Para.
Sodom and Gomorrah—Fox
Splendor in the Grass—War.
Summerskin—Angel
Tartars—MGM
Telltale Heart—Brigadier
That Touch of Mink—U-I
Tomorrow Is My Turn (Fr.)—Showcorp.
Too Late Blues—Para.
Two Weeks in Another Town—MGM
Vampire and the Ballerina—UA
Very Private Affair—MGM
Waltz of the Toreadors (Br.)—Continental
War Lover, The—Col.
White Slave Ship—Am. Inti.
Wild Harvest—Pathe-Am.
Wonders of Aladdin—MGM
World by Night—War.
Port of Desire—Union
Pot Bouille (Lovers of Paris) (Fr.)—
Continental
Prime Time—Essanjay Films, Inc.
Private Property—Citation
Question of Adultery—NTA
Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (Br.)—
Continental
Savage Eye—Trans-Lux-Kingsley Inti.
Seven Capital Sins (Fr.)—Embassy
Sins of Mona Kent—Astor
Smiles of a Summer Night (Swedish)—Rank
Tales of Paris (Fr.)—Times Films
Temptation (Fr.-Ital.)—Shelton
Third Sex (Ger.)—D. & F. Dist.
Too Young, Too Immoral—Rialto Inti.
Trials of Oscar Wilde (Br.)—Warwick Films
Truth, The (La Veriti) (Fr.)—Kingsley Inti.
Viridiana (Sp.)—Kingsley Inti.
Wasted Lives and The Birth of Twins—
K. Gordon Murray Production
require caution and some analysis and explanation
Pressure Point—UA
Sky Above and the Mud Below, The (Fr.)—
Embassy
Storm Center—Col.
Strangers in the City—Embassy
Suddenly, Last Summer—Col.
Too Young to Love—Arthur-Go Pictures, Inc.
Victim (Br.)—Pathe-America
Walk On the Wild Side—Col.
according to Catholic doctrine,
regulate the relationship be
tween politics and morals, and
politics and religion.
Politics, for our purpose,
may be difined as the science
and art of directing affairs of
public interest, considered
chiefly from a temporal view
point. Politics thus includes ail
aspects of civil life in its var
ious sectors. Over these it
exercises a power of coordi
nation and subordination of par
ticular aims to the ultimate gen
eral aim of the state.
In the Greek world, the po
litical sphere was bounded by
the “polis”, from which there
derived the concept of the state.
Today the state is attracted by
a new form of existence, based
on international collaboration.
Thus the limits of science and
political art have extended to
quite a wider field, associa
ting the various states of the
basis on common principles,
interests and aspirations.
POLITICS AND ETHICS
The ancient theocratic con
cept of the state considered the
political norm in the govern
ment of public life as supreme.
The “polis,” conceived as ab
solute, absorbed ethics and
tended to deify the state. Thus
political interest was the only
one that had any value. Only
that which would be suitable
to it was considered moral.
Plato believed the political aim
of the state absorbed any other
individual and political aim:
an independent ethical system
was not possible. Hegelian im-
manentism identifies politics
and ethics, considering the state
as the concrete reality of the
ethical ideal. In the Marxist
' concept of the state, the norm
of public and private action is
placed in relation to the triumph
of the communist revolution, in
which economic reality is su
preme. Thus there do not exist
well defined principles of mor
ality.
On the other hand, empiri
cists and positivists consider
politics as empirical know
ledge of historical facts. They
observe the various laws that
govern history, though exclud
ing higher syntheses, while re
stricting the sphere of their
considerations to a political
naturalism. Politics and ethics
are to them two parallels that
never meet. Machiavelli was
one of the principal supporters
of a similar doctrine. His was
substantially adopted, with
some variations, by Charles
Maurras, whose teachings on
the relationships between poli
tics, morals and religion were
condemned by Pius XI in 1927.
Such theories are condemned
by Catholic doctrine which
seeks to defend the basic rights
of man. An individual enters into
social life not to be absorbed
or annihilated, but better to a-
chieve his transcendental aims
to which community life is sub
ordinated as a means necessary
to the end.
The dignity of the human
person cannot be sacrificed to
the “raison d’etat,” but must
find in the state the natural
defense of right and order. This
is based on the concept of good
and evil.
Politics and ethics un
doubtedly are distinct, though
not separated. The first is sub
ordinate to the second, because
ethics embraces a much
•broader field and belongs to a
much higher and nobler plane.
In fact, the specific object of
ethics includes the free actions
of man, tending to the achieve
ment of his ideal goals which
also include his future well
being according to absolute,
universal and eternal laws.
The purpose of the state is
to promote the well-being and
the perfection of the social body
according to the general good.
Now, the concept of the general
good includes not only material
satisfactions, but also moral
and spiritual well-being; the at
tainment and preservation of the
individual right to life, to free
dom, to property, to associa
tion to reputation, to prosperity,
and to social, moral and spirit
ual security.
RELATIONS BETWEEN
POLITICS AND RELIGION
Politics, in establishing its
authority, must consider the
moral beliefs of the citizens.In
circumstances of anarchy, po
litical constraint would have no
power, because the very mean
ing of anarchy implies absence
of law and of authority and a
resistance to these.
The distinction between good
and evil is dictated by morals.
However, morals presuppose a
law and an eternal sanction,
a Legislator and a supreme
Judge, in the absence of which
man would not willingly place
himself under the authority of
another man.
Some thinkers, like Hobbes,
Locke, Grotius, Rousseau and
Pufendorf, have made efforts
to devise a system of submis
sion of man to man based on
the naturalistic basis of a free
initial social contract. But all
of us know that, even if in
practice man may submit him
self because he is driven by|
interest and violence, only the
religious concept that is his
as to authority, will, in the final
analysis, persuade his mind and
move his will to submit him
self to another man.
Ethical motives, detached
from religion, can induce man
to obey. His assent, however,
will not be sufficiently moti
vated and in conformity with
human dignity, because religion
alone can speak to man the
language of the absolute and
categorical imperative, that
binds his intimate conscience.
Politics, therefore, cannot be
separated from religion: The
two are already clearly dis
tinguished from each other as
the specific orders to which
each of them belongs are dis
tinct. However, they neither op
pose one another nor become
confused with one another, since
their common object is the hu
man person, and it is precisely
in the interest of the state to
respect the limits of this dis
tinction and the pre-eminence
of religion.
There is in truth an intrinsic
relationship between religion
and the well-being of the state.
Religion is the strongest bond
of unity, the most effective
sanction of legitimate author
ity: It moves citizens to be
good, it protects family life, in
sures peace and justice in so
ciety; it controls the abuse of
authority in those who lead.
Politics without religion and
God, as Spinoza observes, can
only bring about that which man
truly does not wish to achieve,
while it nourishes dispute, ha
tred, ire and everything that
excites instinct.
Religion and all of its spiri
tual values represent, there
fore the most solid guarantee
of the political order.
It thus clearly appears that
the conduct of society depends
basically upon its religious con
victions and that there exists
very close relationships be
tween politics and religion. On
their harmonious collaboration
depends in great part the wel
fare of the state.
THE PAPACY AND POLITICS
It is obvious from the fore
going that the papacy cannot
stand altogether apart from the
field of politics, since the mis
sion divinely assigned to it is
the defense of the eternal val
ues of morals and of religion,
related to all aspects of pri
vate and public life. It is a
very grave duty of the pope to
point out the direction to be
taken in order that human, indi
vidual and social actions may
conform to the supreme and
unchanging principles of faith
and morals.
Nevertheless, political acti
vity pertains to the pope only
in an analogous sense. Strict
ly speaking, the Church does not
interest itself in politics, since
she is ordained toward a trans
cendental goal placed over and
above the human and temporal
sphere, and essentially attain
able only through special spiri
tual means, such as the sacra
ments and other supernatural
means that aid the human per
son in his effort to achieve his
supreme end.
But the Church is also a visi
ble society, organized, perfect,
that pursues concrete social
aims also in the temporal field
insofar as they are ordained to
the spiritual objective, such as
the protection of Church prop
erty, freedom of organization
and activity of Catholic associa
tions. She also makes use of
some political means, such as
diplomacy and treaties with the
secular governments, parti
cipation in international organi
zations, public opinion and pub
lie protests.
Since the Church carries out
her mission in this world, and
her subjects are at the same
time members of the religious
society founded by Christ and
citizens of the state, it is nec
essary that the Church take into
consideration the effectiveness
of legitimate and pracitcal
means to influence concrete
reality, and thus make use of
proper temporal aids to achieve
more easily her spiritual aims
Therefore, the collaboration of
the Church with the state is
necessary also in the political
field.
When You Think of Building, Think Of
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SPEAKER
TELLS YOUTH-
(Continued from Page 1)
could to harrass the Bishop
when he travelled to a small vil
lage to Confirm. Arriving at a
railroad station some miles
distant from the town he found
that further transportation had
been denied him. But the men
of the village met him and all
walked to town. The local Com
munist militia threatened to
‘get’ the Bishop, and the men,
fearful for his safety formed
a cordon around the rectory,
telling the Reds, * You can take
us, but not our Bishop.
“So fearful were the Com
munists of religion and the
Apostolic activity of Bishop Ce-
jkada, that they even invaded
the Church at the Mass pre
ceding Confirmation. They talk
ed, laughed, smoked, seeking
to arouse the people and to
show their contempt for the
Church and the Fath. Bishop
Cekada pleaded with the inces-
ed people to do nothing which
might create an incident.
After the ceremonies, the
militia men made their way
toward the rectory, and there
was a scuffle between them
and the devoted townspeople.
When the pushing and shoving
was over the captain of the mil
itia lay on the ground while
a sixteen year old girl pointed
a gun at him and said, “Kill
me, but do not harm our
Bishop.”
“Those people had what is
so sorely needed in the world
today - the deep Faith and
the devotion to Christ’s Church
that can literally change the
world.
“You have it, too;” he said.
"All that remains is for you to
stir t up the Grace of God that
is in you, and, in the spirit of
devotion and loyalty to the Bish
op God has given you, to become
in fact, strong and perfect
Christians and soldiers of Je
sus Christ.”
Father McDonough is a bro
ther of the Most Reverend Tho
mas J. McDonough, Bishop of
Savannah.
The convention was held
under the auspices of Bish
op McDonough, and hosted by the
Rt. Rev. Msgr. Daniel J. Bourke
V.F., pastor of St. Mary’s-on-
the-Hill, and Augusta Deanery
moderator of Catholic Youth.
Hospitality and Convention
preparations were under the di
rection of the Rev. Ralph E.
Seikel, pastor of St. Patrick’s,
Augusta, and Moderator of
Aquinas High School.
Convention sessions were
held at St. Mary’s with the clos
ing event, a Communion Break
fast and presentation of awards
taking place at Aquinas High
School Gym.
NEW DORMITORY
PLANNED
CLEVELAND, (NC) - Con
struction will begin in the spring
of a new $1,860,000 dormitory
with accommodations for 400
persons at John Carroll Univer
sity here, Father Hugh E. Dunn,
S. J., university president, has
announced. The dormitory is to
be built with a loan from the
Federal Community Facilities
Administration. Completion is
scheduled for the fall of 1964.
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J
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A A WESTERN MEATS
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Georgia State Savings Bank
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The Southern Cross, January 12, 1963—PAGE 5
NEW FEDERAL
(Continued from Page 1)
specific subjects, such as
science and mathematics.
However, the bill died in July,
1961, when the House Rules
Committee voted 8 to 7 to kill
all major Federal aid bills, for
both public and private educa
tion.
If the measure is revived, it
probably will be incorporated
into the 1958 National Defense
Education Act, which is up for
renewal this year.
The NDEA , most of whose
benefits go to both public and
private schools, has a provision
for short-term loans to private
schools to help them finance the
purchase of certain teaching
equipment. This program might
be expanded to include broader
Federal assistance.
There will be other propo
sals to assist private educa
tion, judging by bills introduced
in the past. These will include
proposals for a flat grant to
parents who can spend the
money at the school of their
choice and for income tax de
ductions for educational expen
ses.
However, the outlook even for
hearings on these proposals is
dim. The program of parental
grants, supported chiefly by the
Citizens for Educational Free
dom, with national headquarters
in St. Louis, presents a rad
ical departure in school financ-
cing to a tradition-minded Con
gress.
Income tax deductions face
the stiff opposition of the chair
men of the House Ways and
Means Committee and the Se
nate Finance Committee. These
chairmen do not want Federal
revenue cut, at least without a
corresponding cut in Federal
spending—which is unlikely.
Other issues which may in
volve the attention of religious
groups include the admini
stration’s proposal to close tax
loopholes.
This effort undoubtedly will
mean close looks at deductions
made for charitable con
tributions and at the operation
of tax-exempt organizations,
AID
both of which will affect reli
gious groups.
A matter of concern to the
social welfare agencies of
churches will be legislation to
extend more Federal protection
to mistreated migrant farm
workers, a cause religious
groups have advocated for many
years.
Last year, Congress rejected
numerous migrant welfare
bills, but did adopt one bill
authorizing the government to
pay part of the cost of estab
lishing and operating family
health clinics and some other
health programs.
Congress also will get bills
to amend the First Amendment
of the Constitution to permit
recitation of prayer in public
schools, judging from sentiment
evident last year.
But it is unlikely any action
will be taken on these meas
ures until the U. S. Supreme
Court rules on Bible-reading
in public school classrooms,
an issue now before it and one
expected to further explain its
thoughts on religion and school
ing.
LIBRARY
ASSOCIATION
TO MEET APR. 16-19
LOS ANGELES, (NC) - Some
800 delegates from the U. S. and
Canada are expected to attend
the convention of the Catholic
Library Association here from
April 16 to 19.
“The Library and the Mass
Media” will be the theme.
James Francis Cardinal Mc
Intyre, Archbishop of Los Ange
les and honorary chairman of
the convention, will offer a
Pontifical Mass on April 16,
Auxiliary Bishop Timothy Man
ning of Los Angeles will preach.
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Savannah
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315 West Bay Street
Savannah, Ga.
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next to victory shopping plaza
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DIXIE
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2517 BULL STREET
SAVANNAH, GA.
PHONE AD 6-8616