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PAGE 6—The Southern Cross, June 8, 1963
Pope Of The People-
(Continued from Page 3)
John presided at centenary ce
lebrations of the North Ameri
can College in Rome. There,
in his first address in English,
he made the first announcement
of the future beatification of
Mother Elizabeth Seton, Ameri
can-born convert and foundress
of the Sisters of Charity in the
U. S.
Increase In
Cardinals
On December 14, 1959, he
added eight more members to
the College of Cardinals, con
tinuing the policy established by
Pius XII of internationalizing
that body. As of that date, the
college consisted of 31 Italian
cardinals, 12 English-speaking,
11 Spanish-speaking, 8 French-
speaking and 5 each for the
German and Portuguese lan
guage groups. Seven other lan
guages were represented by one
cardinal each: Arabic, Armen
ian, Chinese, Croatian, Flem
ish, Hungarian and Polish.
The Pope called the third
cardinalitial consistory of his
pontificate for March 28, 1960,
which raised the number of
cardinals to 85. Among the sev
en nominated for the honor were
the first cardinals to be named
for Japan and the Philippines,
and the first Negro cardinal.
These were: Peter Cardinal
Tatsuo-Doi, Archbishop of Tok
yo; Rufino Cardinal Santos,
Archbishop of Manila; and Lau-
rian Cardinal Rugambwa, Bi
shop of Bukoba, Tanganyika,
who was then Bishop of Rutabo.
Another consistory, the
Pope’s fourth, opened on Janu
ary 16, 1961. Raised to cardi
nalitial dignity were Archbi
shops Joseph Ritter of St. Louis,
Luis Concha Cordoba of Bogota,
Jose Humberto Quintero of
Caracas and Giuseppe Ferretto
of the Vatican staff.
During the first 3 years of
his Pontificate, Pope John ca
nonized five persons: Charles
of Sezze and Joaquina de Ver-
druna de Mas on April 12, 1959;
Gregory Barbarigo, May 27,
1960; John de Ribera, June 12,
1960; and Bertilla Boscardin,
May 11, 1961.
Distinguished leaders in the
world who have called on the
Pope include President Charles
■ De Gaulle of France, Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer of Germany,
President Manuel Prado of Pe-
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ru, President Arturo Frondizi
of Argentina, former U. S.
president Dwight Eisenhower,
the King and Queen of Siam,
Queen Elizabeth of England,
King Baudouin and Queen Fabi-
ola of Belgium, Premier Cos-
tantine Karamalis of Greece and
Premier Amintore Fanfami of
Italy, Prime Minister MacMil
lan of Great Britain.
A highlight of 1961 was the
social encyclical “Mater et
Magistra” (Mother and Teach
er), issued on July 14 to com
memorate the 70th anniversary
of Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical
“Rerum Novarum.”
Its 25,000 words set forth
four social problems con
fronting modern man and offer
solutions to them. The problems
are: the depressed state of ag
riculture in an increasingly
technological world, the vast
differences between under
developed and the technoligi-
cally advanced nations, the lack
of trust among nations, and the
relation of the world population
increase to economic develop
ment.
Among several new theses
presented in the encyclical is
Pope John’s contention that a
carefully regulated socializa
tion can be advantageous.
Pope John issued another ap
peal for Christian unity in his
encyclical: Aeterna DeiSapien-
tia (The Eternal Wisdom of
God), on November 11, 1961.
Written to commemorate the
15th centenary of the death of
Pope St. Leo the Great, it paid
tribute to a pope who directed
one of the earlier general coun
cils of the Church (Council of
Chalcedon, 451).
On May 6, 1962 Pope John
canonized Martin de Porres,
Peruvian-born Dominican Bro
ther. The new saint, a Negro,
died in 1639 and was beatified
in 1837. Saluting St. Martin as
“the angel of Lima,’’ the pope
implored those present to imi
tate his virtues and said, “May
the light of his life illuminate
for men the road of Christian
social Justice and of universal
charity without distinction of
color or race.”
In July 1962 Pope John issued
His seventh encyclical entitled
Paenitentiam Agere (To Do Pe-
jyljAsL, chained 3,500
words. In it he urged the world’s
Catholics to practice penance
in preparation -for the- Second
Vatican Council, which opened
in Rome on October 11, 1962.
And he called upon the world’s
bishops to institute solemn no-
venas in honor of the Holy Spi
rit to invoke the blessings of
^divine grace on the Fathers of
the Council.
Second Vatican
Council
On October 11th He presided
at the opening ceremonies of the
first session of the Second Vati
can Council, declaring that it
would be a council of hope and
a preparation for Christian uni
ty.
The Pope proclaimed his
fearless hope that the council
“will bring the Church up to
date where required.” He as
sured the cardinals and bishops
gathered around him near the
tomb of St. Peter that the coun
cil will compel "men, families
and peoples everywhere to turn
their minds toward heavenly
things.”
In response to a petition of
many Catholics throughout the
United States and the world,
Pope John issued a motu pro-
prio in which it was decreed
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as of December 8, 1962, the
name of St. Joseph shall be in
serted in the Canon of the Mass,
to be placed in the Communi-
cantes, the third prayer in the
Canon of the Mass, immediate
ly after the Blessed Mother’s
name and preceeding those of
the Apostles and a dozen early
martyrs. This he hoped would
give “great impetus” to devo
tion to St. Joseph and the Holy
Family.
The first sign that the Pontiff
was ailing came on November
27, 1962 when it was revealed
that He was suffering from
gastric troubles that caused
anemia.
On December 2nd Pope John
made his first brief public ap
pearance since his illness. He
was seen briefly at an open win
dow in his apartment. Many
Bishops in Rome for the Council
sessions, joined the throngs
in St. Peter’s Square when it
was announced the Pontiff would
give his usual Sunday blessing.
On December 9, 1962, Pope
John presided over abbreviated
ceremonies for the canoniza
tion of three more saints, all
men religious who lived in the
19th century. They are St. Pe
ter Julian Eymard, a French
man who founded the congrega
tion of the Blessed Sacrament
Fathers; and two Italians, St.
Francis Mary Croese of Cam-
porosso, Capuchin Brother, and
St. Anthony Mary Pucci, a Ser-
vite priest.
On January 20,1963, the Pope
raised Blessed Vincenzo Pallo-
tti, a Pallotine priest to saint
hood.
Pope John also beatified Mo
ther Elizabeth Seton, foundress
of the Sisters of Charity in the
U. S., on March 17, 1963; Lui
gi Palazzolo, a priest of the
Pope’s native diocese of Ber
gamo, on March 19, 1963; and
announced that Venerable John
Nepomucene Neumann, C.SS.R.,
Bishop of Philadelphia from
1852 to 1860, would be beatif
ied on June 23, 1963. (Date now
posponed).
In February, 1963, Archbish
op Josyf Slipyi of Lviv, sole
survivor of the Byzantine Rite
Catholic Bishops of the Ukraine,
received a hero’s welcome from
Pope John on his arrival in Va
tican City after 18 years of im
prisonment and house arrest in
the Soviet Union. The Pope
greeted the prelate's- release
as “a stirring consolation for
which We humbly thank the
Lord.”
Pacem In Terris
Peace is a problem of morals,
not power, Pope John said in
his last Encyclical which urged
everyone to strive for a peace
founded on love instead of fear.
Entitled “Pacem in Terris”
(Peace on earth) it was the first
encyclical to be addressed not
only to Catholics but to “all
men of good will.”
The document called for eli
mination of all racism, encou
ragement of ethnic minorities,
and voluntary establishment of
world authority capable of deal
ing with problems of universal
common good on a world scale.
Dated April 11, 1963, Holy
Thursday, the Pope’s eighth en
cyclical is an analysis of the
nature of peace, means of at
taining it and practical mea
sures for ensuring it.
One section of the encyclical,
on the delicate question of co
operation with communist na
tions and movements, arous
ed widespread discussion. The
Pope made clear that commun
ism is intrinsically wrong, but
pointed out that because of the
possibility of change and the
existence of some truths amidst
Marxist errors, it may be pos
sible to work with communist
states or movements for good
causes.
Pope John’s persistent ef
forts for peace received out
standing recognition on May
1, 1963, when he received the
$160,000 Balzan Peace Prize.
He was the first person to re
ceive the prize.
The citation praised him for
his “activity in favor of bro
therhood among men and among
all peoples through appeals for
peace.”
8 Encyclicals
(Continued From Page 4)
institute solemn novenas in hon
or of the Holy Spirit to invoke
the blessings of divine grace
on the Fathers of the council.
Pope John’s last encyclical
Pacem In Terris (Peace on
Earth) dated April 11, 1963,
was acclaimed throughout the
world. A clarion call for world
peace, the encyclical was ad
dressed not only “to the epis
copate of the Universal church
and to the clergy and faithful
of the whole world, but also to
“all men of good will.”
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Savannah, pictured being
draped in black in mourning for late Pontiff.
Pope’s Death
(Continued from Page 1)
generally weaker.
His temperature continued to
rise throughout Sunday, but the
Pope remained lucid during
short and infrequent periods
of consciousness.
The first real indication that
he was beginning to lose coh-
trol of his mental faculties came
when his close personal friend
Giovanni Battista Cardinal
Montini, archbishop of Milan
emerged from the papal bed
chamber in tears and announc
ed that the Pope had failed to
recognize him.
The approaching end was her
alded by Pope John’s rapidly
increasing pulse and falling
blood pressure throughout Sun
day night and Monday morning,
when a Vatican bulletin declared
that the pontiff was then beyond
the reach of both medicine and
Ipain.
Cardinal Aloisi Masella,
Camerlengo of the College of
Cardinals, entered the pope’s
bedroom shortly before 6:00
p.m. Rome time. Among his
duties is certification of the
pope’s death.
An hour later Cardinal Luigi
Traglia began the celebration of
Mass on the steps of St. Peter’s,
under the window of the pope’s
room, three stories above. A
throng of 80,000 knelt in atten
dance.
Then shortly after Mass came
to an end and as many began to
make their way home from the
fourth evening’s vigil, the great
bell of St. Peter’s began its
mournful toll. A great sighing
moan arose as all eyes were
lifted to watch the great Basili
ca’s doors being slowly closed,
the sign that the church was
without a shepherd.
Moments later, at 7:53 p.m.,
Vatican Radio announced to a
sorrowfully expectant world
“The Supreme Pontiff John
XXIII is dead.”
The lights in the pope’s ap-
partments, dimned to ease the
pontiff’s dying moments, sud
denly shone starkly in the dark
ness. The long tortuous vigil
was ended. John XXIII had gone
to God.
Cardinal Tells 500,000
Fatima’s Message
Is Taking Effect
LISBON, (NC)—Arcadio Car
dinal Larraona, C.M.F., Pre
fect of the Sacred Congregation
of Rites, told nearly half a
million pilgrims that the Bless
ed Virgin’s message here 46
years ago is taking effect.
“Fatima is known the world
over for its spirit of penance
and prayer. It is now a leading
center of spirituality as is wit
nessed by an increasing num
ber of novitiates and religious
houses,” he said.
Cardinal Larraona presided
at ceremonies (May 12 and 13)
marking the 46th anniversary of
the first of six appearances of
the Blessed Virgin here to three
children: Lucia dos Santos,
Francisco Marto and his sis
ter Jacinta, on May 13, 1917.
Francisco died in 1919 and Ja
cinta died the following year.
Lucia is a Carmelite nun in
Coimbra, Portugal.
The Fatima shrine realizes
the Gospel message, the Cardi
nal said. He added that he hopes
the shrine will keep its primi
tive spirit intact.
“1917 was a decisive and his
toric year, both politically and
religiously,” he said. “As re
volutionary doctrines spread all
over the world during the First
World War and brought new
divisions and wars, Our Lady
appeared here to remind us that
God chose her maternal heart
as a symbol of His everlasting
mercy.
“God is not only a Father.
Through Mary, He shows His
infinite maternity.”
Mary’s spiritual motherhood
stems from the mysteries of
the Incarnation and the Sacri
fice of Calvary, he said.
Cardinal L arra ona offered
the first Mass to be said in
honor of Our Lady of Fatima
as patroness of the Diocese of
Lerira, the diocese that in-
Pope John XXIII on more
than one occasion showed his
love for missionaries and the
missions. On Holy Thursday,
1959, he emulated the example
of Christ with His apostles by
kneeling and washing the feet
of 13 missionary priests.
eludes Fatima. The Mass is the
same as the one that is said for
the feast of the Immaculate
Heart of Mary (Aug. 2) except
for two prayers, the collect and
the postcommunion, which were
composed by His Holiness Pope
John XXIII.
Impassioned Feeling-
(Continued from Page 3)
ber 28, the Feast of Christ the
King, Premier Khrushchev an
nounced that his nation would
stop work on missile sites in
Cuba and would dismantle them.
President Kennedy stated that
the U.S. would end its blockade
of Cuba and would not invade
that country.
On October 26, in receiving
members of the Balzan Founda
tion, a group similar to the
Nobel Foundation, led by Ita
lian President Giovanni Gron-
chi, Pope John again repeated
his hopes for world peace.
On October 27, in answer to a
telegram of good wishes from
the Fathers of the council on the
fourth anniversary of his elec
tion to the papacy he said: “Let
“Sergeant Roncalli” Saw War’s
Horrors As Soldier, Chaplain
(N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE)
A man of peace, Pope John
XXIII knew the horrors of war
at first hand.
On two occasions he served
his country. At the age of 20
he interrupted his studies to
volunteer as an ordinary soldier
for one year. Later, during
World War I, he was recalled
for military service from 1915
to 1919, first as a medical ser
geant and later as a chaplain.
Angelo Roncalli’s first term
of military service was with the
73rd Infantry Regiment of the
Italian Army. On November 30,
1901, a few days after his 20th
birthday, he interrupted his
seminary studies to volunteer
for one year. Six months later
he was promoted to corporal
and was discharged at the end
of a year with the rank of
sergeant. It is said that at the
end of its training his platoon
was rated as one of the best.
When Italy entered World War
I, he was recalled to duty, May
24, 1915. At that time Father
Roncalli and all other priests
who were drafted were enrolled
first as medical orderlies. The
future Pope John trained in a
military hospital and soon wore
the uniform of a sergeant. He
was sent off to the Austrian
front where he saw the horrors
of war at first hand.
In March, 1916, when the
government agreed that priests
should be enlisted as military
chaplains, with the rank of lieu
tenant, Father Roncalli served
in that capacity in various mili
tary hospitals near Bergamo
and in Turin, Italy. It was dur
ing this period of his career
that he grew a mustache, pro
bably to offset his youthful
looks. At the end of four years’
service, he collected his accu
mulated back pay, stating that
he planned to use it for the stu
dent house which he intended to
found upon his return to Berga
mo.
In a letter to the president of
the Association of Italian Chap
lains, in 1956, the then Arch
bishop Roncalli, Patriarch of
Venice, recalled his war ex
periences, stating: “I am
grateful for everything to the
Lord. . .but I especially thank
Him for the fact that when I
was 20 years old He willed
that I should do my military
service, and then, during the
First World War, served again
as a sergeant and chaplain.
What a knowledge of the human
Soul one gains that way! What
experience and what grace were
given me to dedicate myself, to
MACON ESSAY CONTEST—Winners of the Macon Knights
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—(Photo by George Currey)
understand life and the priestly
apostolate.”
Again, in one of the first
audiences of his pontificate, on
November 26, 1958, Pope John
told members of the British
Commonwealth War Graves
Commission: “Your presence
first of all evokes in Our mind
memories which are distant,
but still remain among the most
moving experiences of an
already long life. The high pla
teaus of Asiago and those lands
washed by the Piave River, en
deared to you by graves of so
many of your countrymen, were
familiar to us during the World
War I years when We function
ed there as military chaplain.
We brought aid to so many of
the wounded. To many of the
dying We brought comfort and
the peace of final absolution.
How many fell on the field of
honor!”
These military experiences
were again recalled by Pope
John in February, 1959, and
also in June, 1959, when he re
ceived in audience groups of
former Italian Army chaplains.
Speaking to some 700 of them in
the Vatican Gardens (June 11,
1959), the Pope said in part:
* ’The service We performed as
chaplain in wartime hospitals
is unforgettable. It allowed Us
to gather from the groans of the
wounded and sick the universal
aspiration for peace, he
supreme good for mankind.”
Indeed, Pope John never for
got that he was Sgt. Angelo
Roncalli. In the first days of
his pontificate, while visiting
the quarters of the Pontifical
Nobile Guards on the feast of
their patron, St. Sebastian, (in
1959) he said to a captain of
the guard: “Captain, you are
a bigger noise than I am, be
cause I was only a sergeant.”
On another occasion, while
receiving in audience a group
of Italian Bishops, he spied the
gold stars of a general on the
shoulders of Bishop Arrigo Fin-
tonello, the Military Ordinary
for Italy. “As a sergeant,”
Pope John said with a smile,
“I should really stand at atten
tion before you instead of you
kneeling before me.”
us pray constantly together to
the Prince of Peace that His
peace, which is above all know
ledge, may safeguard the hearts
and minds of men, removing
all dangers against peace, dan
gers which can cause endless
ruin and tears if they are not
eliminated immediately and
with supreme prudence.”
Speaking to some 30,000 per
sons gathered in St. Peter’s
square on the feast of Christ
the King (October 28) he made
another plea for them to build, to
heal and to make the heavenly
light shine more vividly in the
faces of men.”
Without referring directly to
the easing of the Cuban crisis,
Pope John told a general audi
ence on October 31, 1962, that
“peace is knocking at our doors.
We see the rays of peace ap
pearing and spreading on the!
horizon.” He added that “the
world is tired of anxieties, tur
moil and uncertainties.”
In his fifth Christmas mes
sage to the world, entitled
“Truth and Peace,” on Decem
ber 22, 1962, Pope John re
peated the impassioned peace
appeal he launched at the height
of the Cuban crisis and noted
that his words had not been
wasted.
Speaking to representatives
of some 50 diplomatic missions
accredited to the Holy See on
December 23, Pope John
reminded them that: ‘ ‘The cause
of peace is your own, gentle
men, for are you not by pro
fession the craftsmen of nego
tiation, the enemies of hasty and*
violent solutions to the difficul
ties between nations? But the
cause of peace, to speak more
truly, is the cause of the whole
world.”
Climaxing these pleas was
the Holy Father’s last encycli
cal, Pacem In Terris, which is
an analysis of the nature of
peace, means of attaining it and
practical measures for ensur
ing it. It was the first encycli
cal addressed not only to Catho
lics, but to “all men of good
will.”
The coat-of-arms of Pope
John XXIII reflects his origins
in Sotto il Monte and his con
nections with the province of* t
Bergamo and the city of Venice.
The tower is adapted from the
Roncalli crest painted on the
family home in Sotto il Monte.
The fleurs-de-lis are the em
blem of the martyr Alexander,
patron of the Bergamo diocese.
Venice is symbolized by a wing
ed lion carrying an open book
on the pages of which are writ
ten these words: “Pax tibi,
Marce, evangelista meus”
(Peace to you, Mark, my evan
gelist).
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