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PAGE 6—The Southern Cross, June 15, 1963
American Cardinals
(Continued from Page 1)
through Cardinal Puzyna that
he did not want the election of
the leading candidate, Secre
tary of State Cardinal Rampol-
la, and threatened to use the
power of veto if he were elect
ed. In those days, some Catho
lic countries were allowed this
veto or “Right of Exclusion.”
But the incident so shocked and
angered the 62 Cardinals pre
sent that the newly-elected pope
decreed that excommunication
was to be pronounced “ipso
facto’ ’ against any cardinal who
attempted to act for a govern
ment by casting a veto during
a conclave.
In his motu proprio “Cum
Proxime,” March 1,1922, Pope
Pius XI extended the interval
between a pope’s death and the
opening of the conclave to a
maximum of 18 days. Pope Pius
XII, in his apostolic constitution
of December 8,1945, “Vacantis
Apostolic Sedis,” reformed the
entire body of rules governing
the conclave.
Because of the legislation de
creed by Pius XI and Pius
XII, the American and other
cardinals living at great dis
tance we now able to journey
to a conclave in time to par
ticipate in the voting. In 1878,
at the election of Pope Leo
XIII, John Cardinal McClos-
key, Archbishop of New York
and America’s first and only
cardinal then, did not arrive
in time to vote, but was pre
sent for the coronation on March
3, 1878.
First American Cardinal to
vote in a papal election was the
Archbishop of Baltimore,
James Cardinal Gibbons, who
was present for both the elec
tion and coronation of Pope
St. Pius X in August, 1903.
At the election of Pope Bene
dict XV, on September 3, 1914,
John Cardinal Farley, Arch
bishop of New York, was the
only American present. He was
traveling in Switzerland when
Pius X died on August 20,1914.
On the day after the Pope’s
death, Cardinal Gibbons and
Boston’s William Cardinal O’
Connell had sailed from New
York for Naples, where they
landed on September 3, the
very day Pope Benedict was
elected.
Again no American cardinal
was present for the election
of Pope Pius XI on February
6, i922. For the second time
Cardinal O’Connell lost his race
across the Atlantic. In his first
audience with the new Pope he
spoke of his disappointment, and
Pius changed the regulations,
extending the time, in a new
Apostolic Constitution.
But even with this extension
of the time between the death
of a pope and the opening of
a conclave to elect another,
Cardinal O’Connell nearly mis
sed the opening of the conclave
that elected Pope Pius XII on
March 2, 1939. The Cardinal
was in Nassau when he received
word on February 10 that Pius
XI had died, and had first to
return to the U.S. by boat be
fore going to Rome.
Philadelphis’a Archbishop
Denis Cardinal Dougherty and
Chicago’s Archbishop George
Cardinal Mundelein had reached
New York in time to depart
on the liner Rex on February
Directors Of
Book Shop Meet
SAVANNAH—The Board of
Directors of the Notre Dame
Book Shop held their quarter
ly meeting recently at the Book
Shop. Miss Moira Fogarty, new
ly elected secretary, Miss Jan
et Spillane and Dr. Lawrence
Dunn were welcomed as new
members to the Board.
The Book Shop situated for
the past several years in their
attractive location at 302 East
Liberty Street is staffed by
volunteer workers ready to
serve you. Most people are not
aware that a lending library is
available at a small fee of
.50<£ for students, $1.00 for
adults or a family membership
can be secured at $2.00 per
year.
A wonderful stock of chil
dren's books is on hand, as
well as a fiction and non-fic
tion section for adults, includ
ing most of the best-sellers,
all of which can be purchased.
With so many graduation and
weddings this time of the year,
special attention is given to
gifts along this line and it is
no problem to find a suitable
gift for your favorite graduate,
whether it be a girl or boy.
Lovely items for the bride-to-
be such as vases, pictures, etc.
are available and the ever pop
ular “Catholic Bride’s Book’’
is a gift that will always be
cherished. Hallmark and Rust-
craft cards for all occasions
are displayed for your conven
ience in making your selec
tion.
11, reaching Rome in ample
time for the election. Cardinal
O’Connell arrived at Naples on
the Neptunia on March 1, and
hastened by auto to Rome. He
was the last of the 62 Cardi
nals to arrive, reaching the con
clave chamber less than an hour
before the doors were locked.
It was the first time that thre
U. S. Cardinals voted in a papal
election.
Now in the days of speedier
transatlantic liners and jet
planes, the trip to Rome pre
sents no great problem. How
ever, it is interesting to note
that to get to the conclave
which elected Pope John XXIII
on October 28, 1958, Francis
Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop
of New York, had his difficul
ties of transport. When Pius
XII died on October 9, 1958,
Cardinal Spellman was on the
high seas returning to the United
States with some 600 pilgrims
aboard the Greek liner Olympia.
The news came at 5 a. m.
The ship veered off course to
take the Cardinal to the Azores.
A launch met the ship and took
him to Terceira Island, whence
he was flown to the Island
of Santa Maria, where he caught
a Portuguese plane for Lisbon,
arriving thre at 6p.m. Thirty-
five minutes later he was en-
route by air to Rome, arriv
ing there at two minutes past
midnight. Detroit’s Archbishop
Edward Cardinal Mooney and
the Archbishop of Los Angeles,
James Francis Cardinal
McIntyre, also arrived before
By Father Patrick O’Connor
Society of St. Columban
HUE, Vietnam, (NC)--What
happened here on May 8 has an
gered Buddhists in Vietnam and
elsewhere, grieved Vietnamese
of all religions, gladdened com
munists and worried Ameri
cans.
Yet these happenings, which
.have had repercussions from
Saigon to Ceylon and Wash
ington, are not known fully or
clearly by the world at large.
No foreign correspondent was
in Hue on May 8. One came
four days later and left on the
morrow. In Saigon the govern
ment and the Buddhist organiza
tion gave out conflicting re
ports.
It is still hard to uncover
all the facts here. The following
summary is based on informa
tion from various trustworthy
sources:
As far back as Septem
ber, 1957, the Vietnamese gov
ernment issued an order res
tricting the public display of
“international religious flags.”
The order was repeated in 1958
and 1962 but remained a dead
letter until early last month.
On May 6, only two days be
fore the feast of Buddha’s birth
day, the government sent out
word that the order, with tight
er restriction added, was now
to be enforced. Catholic author
ities were notified as well as
Buddhists. During the previous
week two Catholic bishops had
been installed, one of them in
Danang (Tourane) 60 miles
south of Hue, amid profuse
displays of papal colors in
flags and buntings.
On May 7, Buddhist house
holds had already hung out the
Buddhist flag here. When the
police went around telling
people to take down their flags,
some strong objections were
made. The province chief who is
also mayor of Hue, a Buddhist,
then told the bonzes (Buddhist
monks) that he would suspend
the order for three days.
Accordingly late on May 7
or on the morning of May 8,
the festival day, the Buddhists
of Hue were told that they were
free to fly their flags as be
fore.
A protest meeting was held,
nevertheless, at a pagoda. Ban
ners with slogans accusing the
government of unfairness to
wards Buddhists were carried.
A bronze made a speech quot
ing these slogans.
That evening Buddhists gath
ered at the principal pagoda,
where a traditional flower dance
was to be performed. It was
cancelled by the bonzes, and
the assembled people were ask
ed to go in procession downtown
to the government radio station.
About 3,000 marched, the
men, women, children and bon
zes forming sections.
At the radio station a bonze
demanded that a radio program
of his be broadcast. Some say
that he wished to make a speech
over the radio. Others said that
the beginning of the conclave.
Of the 55 cardinals, eligible
to vote, only 51 entered the 1958
conclave. Cardinal Mooney, at
age 76, died of a heart attack
at the North American College
on October 25, less than two
hours after the conclave
opened.
Cardinal Mindszenty, Arch
bishop of Esztergom, Hungary,
was unable to be present, as
he was in the American Lega
tion at Budapest, where he still
maintains asylum following the
Hungarian revolution of 1956.
Alojzije Cardinal Stepinac,
Archbishop of Zagreb, who died
in 1960 , was then confined
in his native village of Krasic
by the Yugoslav communist gov
ernment. Thomas Cardinal Tein
of Peking, now in exile, returned
to Rome from Germany in an
ambulance, where he had been
hospitalized following an auto
accident, and arrived in time to
participate in the election of
Pope John XXIII.
When Pope John XXII was
elected at the conclave of 1314
at Carpentras, France, the car
dinals had deliberated 24
months. The shortest -conclave
in the history of the papacy
was that which elected Pope
Julius II, after only a few hours.
His Predecessor, Pius III, had'
died on October 18, 1503, after
a reign of only 26 days. It
was Julius II (1503-1513) who
ordered Michelangelo to paint
the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
(1508-12) and he also founded
the Swiss Guard in 1506.
he asked the station director
to put a tape recording of the
morning meeting on the air.
In either case it would mean
a speech accusing the gov
ernment of persecuting Bud
dhists.
The station director said
that he could not put an uncen
sored program on the air. The
crowd outside showed resent
ment. The security chief, a
Catholic army officer, tele
phoned to the corps area com
mander, Gen. Le van Nghiem,
in Danang, for instructions.
The general, a Buddhist, told
him that he should use the
armed forces, if necessary, to
protect the government build
ing.
The security officer brought
police and soldiers, two or
three armored cars and a fire
truck to the scene. The crowd
reportedly taunted and jostled
the soldiers.
What finally led to the use
of force by the military is not
clear. First they turned a fire
house on the people and then
used teargas grenades. They
fired over the heads of the
crowd—no bullet marks or
sharpnel nicks are visible on
the walls of the radio station
or near it.
Then somebody threw a con
cussion grenade, which killed
seven persons and wounded oth
ers, of whom one died later.
The victims were two young
women, not over 20, and boys
and girls from 12 years up.
An armored car went over two
of the bodies, apparently after
the victims had been killed or
wounded.
It is impossible to find out
who threw the grenade that
night. The type used is com
mon in various branches of
the armed forces here and could
come in various branches of the
armed forces here and could
come into anyone’s hands. It is
likely that some soldier lost
his head and threw it, perhaps
without realizing how much
harm, a concussion grenade
could do in the midst of a crowd.
Two of the victims, accord
ing to a Catholic source here,
had been taking instructions in
Christian doctrine. They were
probably just onlookers.
The seven killed outright are
called martyrs by the Buddhist
bonzes. Their photographs, all
showing pathetically bright
young faces, mounted toge
ther in a Buddhist design and
framed, are displayed in the pa
goda.
Buddhist leaders had already
used the flag decree, even after
it had been suspended for Hue,
as the occasion for two mass
demonstrations on grounds of
general alleged ill treatment.
The tragic deaths outside the
radio station gave them a new
and far more impressive griev
ance, on which they have not
ceased to capitalize.
Vietnam Killings
Angered Persons
Of All Religions
(Continued from Page 4)
Officials, Diplomats,
Non-Catholic Leaders
At Capital Mass
I have treasured a copy of per
haps the first public utterance
of Pope John which was in a way
to embody the very key to his
world appeal and esteem—sim
plicity and love. It was given
as he announced the name he
would take as Pope:
“I shall be called John. This
name is sweet to us because it
was our father’s; it is dear be
cause it was the name of the
humble parish in which we re
ceived Baptism. . .But we love
the name of John so dear to us
and all the Church particularly
because it was borne by two
men who were most close to
Christ, the Lord, the divine
redeemer of all the world and
founder of the Church. John the
Baptist; the percursor of Our
Lord; . . .And the other John:
the disciple and Evangelist,
preferred by Christ and His
most sweet Mother, who at the
last supper, leaned on the breast
of Our Lord and thereby obtain
ed that charitable love which
burned in him with the lively
and apostolic flame until great
old age. . .And may John the
Evangelist who, as he himself
attests, took with him Mary,
the mother of Christ and our
mother, sustain together with
her this same exhortation,
which concerns the life and the
joy of the Church and also the
peace and prosperity of all peo
ples:
‘My children, love one ano
ther; love one another because
this is the great commandment
of the Lord.’ ”
Now it is up to us the living
to dedicate ourselves to the
mandate of our dear departed.
WASHINGTON, (NC)—Large
numbers of government offi
cials, diplomats and non-Catho-
lic religious leaders helped fill
the National Shrine of the Im
maculate Conception here for a
Pontifical Requiem Mass for
Pope John XXIII.
Archbishop Egidio Vagnozzi,
Apostolic Delegate in the Uni
ted States, was celebrant of the
Mass.
Archbishop Patrick A.
O’Boyle of Washington preached
the sermon, describing the late
Pontiff as “a greater man by
far than most generations are
privileged to see.”
Seated in front pews were U.S.
Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
Atty. Gen . Robert F. Kennedy,
Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare Anthony J. Cele-
brezze and Associate Justice
Stanley Reed (retired) of the
U. S. Supreme Court.
Hundreds of members of the
diplomatic colony here were
in attendance.
Nearly 100 non-Catholic re
ligious leaders, including Bis
hop William F. Creighton of the
Episcopal Diocese of Washing
ton, occupied a special section
of pews directly in front of the
pulpit.
Many senators and represen
tatives, judges of various Fed
eral courts, high administrative
officials and civic leaders also
were present.
Seated in the great sanctuary
of the Shrine were Archbishop
Ambrose Senyshyn, O.S.B.M.,
of the Archeparchy of Phila
delphia for the Byzantine Rite;
Bishop Joseph M. Schmondiuk
of the Ukranian Catholic Dio
cese of Stamford; Auxiliary Bi
shop Philip M. Hannan of Wash
ington; Auxiliary Bishop Joseph
A. Costello of Newark; Abbot
Alban Boultwood, O.S.B., of St.
Anselm's Abbey in this city;
numerous monsignori and rep
resentatives of scores of reli
gious orders and congregations.
Solemn Pontifical Requiem For Pope John
CATHEDRAL ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, SAVANNAH
Subdeacon chants assurances of the resurrection and life
everlasting from Saint Paul’s Epistle totheThessalonians.
I will go unto the Altar of God, unto God, who giveth joy to my youth,
The Gospel passage from the Mass of Requiem com
forts mourners with the words of Christ, “I am the resur
rection and the life. He ^yho believes in me, even though
he be dead, yet he shall live. And whosoever lives and be
lieves in me shall never die.”
.
The Chalice is lifted for the veneration of the faithful
after the consecrating words, “This is the chalice of My
Blood, of the new and eternal testament,” and the Sacred
Blood of the Savior is offered to His Heavenly Father on
behalf of the soul of Pope John XXIII.
Receiving Holy Communion, worshippers become one with Christ and with all who are
joined with Him in heaven.
Bishop McDonough extolls the life and virtues of a beloved pope.
LttbL iCD^cuo cut c> paxu lu idLC nuiy jratuci uy uicsaiag aiiu xiiv^ci 10x115 uiauiv-ui
catafalque, symbolic of Pope John’s mortal remains.