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SOME NINETY MEMBERS OF THE CLERGY, including
twenty monsignors and four bishops, took part in the pro
cession at which Archbishop O’Hara’s body was transferred
from the chapel in Philadelphia’s Cathedral rectory to
the Cathedral itself. Archbishop Krol of Philadelphia
(in cape and mitre), flanked by h is chaplains is shown as
he accompanies the body on the way to the Cathedral.
Seen ahead of him, flanked by priest chaplains, are from
left, Bishop Furey, Bishop Thomas Holland, Coadjutor
Bishop of Portsmouth England; and the Most Rev. Fran
cis J. Brennan, Dean of the Sacred Roman Rota and a
classmate of Archbishop O’Hara. (Philadelphia Catholic
Standard and Times Photo)
The Southern Cross, August 1, 1963—PAGE 3
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SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
In Rhode Island
Suit To Test Law
To Lend Parochial
Pupils Text Books
Challenges Claim Church Responsible For
Government Attitude Toward Buddhism
Requiem Mass Offered For
Archbishop Edwin Byrne
will be brought by private in
dividuals with the support of the
local and national ACLU, The
individuals were not named.
Stanzler said the suit will be
filed ’’within a year.” He said
it will allege that the textbook
program violates pro
per Church-State relations
stemming from the First
Amendment of the Constitution.
Under the law adopted early
this year, the state will share
the costs with local communi
ties of purchasing and then
freely lending to parochial and
other private school pupils text
books in science, mathematics
and foreign languages.
Before the law was passed, it
was studied and approved by a
specially appointed public com
mittee. Its constitutionality was
defended by Gov. John H. Cha-
fee when he signed it into law
in February.
The textbooks are selected
by public school authorities.
Applications to borrow them
must be filed by the parent
or the child, not by the school
at which the child is a pupil.
Textbooks must meet the same
requirements of those lent to'
public school pupils.
Stanler said the ACLU’s suit
which it pledged to initiate im
mediately after the law was
signed by the governor, will be
filed in State Superior Court.
If necessary, said the ACLU
spokesman, the issue will be
carried to the U. S. Supreme
Court. He estimated the cost
to be about $10,000 to $15,000
which he said will come from
local private individuals and
from the national office of the
ACLU.
SANTA FE, N. M.,—Requiem
Mass was offered here for
Archbishop Edwin V. Byrne of
the Sante Fe archdiocese.
Death came (July 25) to the
Philadelphis-born prelate in St.
Vincent’s Hospital here follow
ing surgery. The Requiem Mass
was offered (July 31) in the
venerable Cathedral of St.
Francis by Bishop Sidney M.
Metzer of El Paso, Texas.
Before he became spiritual
leader of the 113-year-old
archdiocese’s 300,000 Catho
lics, about half of the popula
tion, he spent five years in the
Phillipines and 18 years as a
Bishop in Puerto Rico.
From the early days of his
career, the Archbishop showed
great concern over social in
justice and civil liberties.
In Puerto Rico, he once com
plained to visiting President
Franklin D. Roosevelt that
wages paid rural workers were
"miserable and far below
standards of Christian justice.
The result was a step-up in
the Federal aid effort for the
island.
In New Mexico, he opposed
the ban on closed and union
shops, stating that it would be
"the death blow to unionism."
The Fair Employment Prac
tices amendment to the state
constitution received his sup
port. He also praised a pro
posed amendment to end ra
cial discrimination. He fre
quently served as arbitrator in
labor disputes in the state.
Archbishop Byrne also de
monstrated a concern over mo
rality in public bathing suit re
views during beauty contests
and ordering that the sacra
ments be denied Catholics who
DOWNTOWN
; ^SAVANNAH’S
Newest And Finest
PROVIDENCE, R. I., (NC)
—The Rhode Island affiliate of
the American Civil Liberties
Union said here it is preparing
a court test of the new state
law to lend textbooks to paro
chial school pupils.
Milton Stanzler, chief coun
sel of the union, said the suit
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Manger Hotel
MRS. ELEANOR RICHARD
SON of Warner Robins has be
come a GS-15, making her
the highest rated woman em
ployee in the Air Force Log
istics Command. Mrs. Ri
chardson simultaneously be
came the first woman in the
Warner Robins Air Material
Area to be named a Technical
Associate to a Chief of Staff
office, or a Director within
the AMA. Mrs. Richardson,
her husband, son and
mother are members of
Sacred Heart Church. (Air
Force Photo)
take part in them. He called
such public exhibitions "in
decent exposures of human bo
dies, the temples of God, and
occasions of sin to wicked
men.”
The Archbishop also acted
against what he considered in
decent motion pictures. He
told Catholics not to attend a
local theater in 1960 because
it had a policy of showing
"grossly indecent motion pic
tures.”
NEW YORK , (NC) — A vet
eran priest -journalist has
challenged statements byaU. S.
minister linking the Catholic
Church to alleged anti-Buddhist
acts of the South Vietnamese
government of President Ngo
Dinh Diem.
Father Patrick O’Conner,
S. S. C., Far East correspon
dent of the N. C. W. C. News
Service and a former presi
dent of the Catholic Press Asso
ciation, said that "to imply that
the Catholic Church is respon
sible for government policy in
Vietnam would be sheer mis
representation.”
He also said that, whatever
the faults of the Diem govern
ment, "life in South Vietnam is
immeasurably free, easier and
better than in communist-ruled
North Vietnam.”
Father O’Conner in a letter
to the New York Times (July
25), denied several statements
about the situation in South
Vietnam attributed by the Times
to the Rev. Donald S. Harring
ton.
The Times, in a July 1 news
story on a sermon preached
by the Rev. Harrington at the
Community Church here, re
ported him as saying that the
Catholic Church and the U. S.
government must share respon
sibility with President Diem for
the death of a Buddhist monk
who publicly burned himself to
death in Saigon as a protest
against the Diem govern
ment’ s policy toward Buddhism.
The U. S. government has
been actively supporting South
Vietnam’s war against com
munist Viet Cong guerillas.
President Diem and his family
are Catholics. Catholics in
South Vietnam number about
1.25 million (nearly nine per
cent) in a total population of
some 14.1 million.
The number of Buddhists is
variously reported. Some es
timates say the population of
South Vietnam is 70 per cent
Buddhist. Other estimates,
however, say the number of
practicing Buddhists is only
three or four million while
the General Buddhist Asso
ciation, the organization behind
the current protests, has only
one million members.
The Times story on the Rev.
Harrington’s sermon said he
listed several instances of al
leged government repression
of Buddhists and favoritism to
ward Catholics. It quoted him
as saying:
"This situation must be ex
tremely embarrassing to the
Roman Catholic Church. If it
goes unreprimanded, the Cat
holic Church can have no fu
ture in Vietnam.
"It is utterly contrary to the
spirit of Pope John. It casts
a shadow of shame on the new
brightness Pope John had
brought to the Catholic
Church.”
The Rev. Harrington is sec
retary of the Ministers’ Viet
nam Committee, a U. S. group
which in June purchased full-
page newspaper ads protesting
the Diem government’s atti-
Medal For Cardinal
DEARBORN, Mich., (NC)—
Richard Cardinal Cushing,
Archbishop of Boston, has been
named to receive the Knights of
Lithuania medal
tude towards Buddhists as well
as U. S. government support
of Diem.
The ad, signed by several
Protestant and Jewish lead
ers, featured a photograph of
the flaming death of the Bud
dhist monk, Quang Due. It pro
tested,among other things, "the
loss of American lives and
billions of dollars to bolster a
regime universally regarded as
unjust, undemocratic, and un
stable,” as well as "the fiction
that this is ‘fighting for free
dom. ’ ”
The advertisement asked for
contributions to be sent to the
Rev. Harrington as secretary of I
the Ministers’ Vietnam Com
mittee.
In his letter to the Times,
writtep from Saigon, Father
O’Conner challenged a number
of statements contained in the
news story on the Rev. harring-
ton’s sermon. These include:
—The statement that most
government officials and army
officers in South Vietnam are
Catholics. Father O’Conner
said he knows of no overall
religious census of government
officials and army officers.
However, among the upper
echelons, he said, five of 17
cabinet ministers are Ca
tholics, along with three of
19 generals, and four of 14 offi
cers commanding special
branches.
—The statement that the only
two universities in South Viet
nam are Catholic-controlled.
Father O’Connor said Vietnam
has three universities, two
of which are state institutions
controlled by the Minister of
Education, who is a non-Chris
tian.
Father O’Connor said the
rector of the state university
in Saigon is a non-Christian
and the rector of the state uni
versity in Hue is "a distinguish
ed priest-scholar.” He said the
sole Catholic university is the
University of Dalat, "a small
private institution, founded by
Catholjcs with Catholic money.
The statement that Catholic
army chaplains were provided
for the South Vietnamese armed
forces while Buddhist ones were
not. Father O’Conner n^tedthat
Protestant chaplains were also
provided.
In addition, he said that ac
cording to the Ministry of De
fense no Buddhist monk ever
offered to serve as a military
chaplain until a demand for
chaplaincies was made recently
by the Buddhist Association. He
said this demand is "regarded
as a maneuver in the current
dispute.”
Father O’Conner said a Bud
dhist spokesman has stated that
Buddhists do not want their
chaplains to serve in the same
way as Catholic and Protestant
chaplains. Instead the Bud
dhists would wear a different
uniform and would not accom
pany troops to the front lines.
"It is not surprising that the
government hesitates about ac
cepting chaplains on these
terms,” he commented.
—The statement that Catholic
Vatican Flag has been flown on
Catholic holidays while the
Buddhist flag has been banned.
Father O’Connor said the ban
on flag-flying was applied to
the Vatican flag "at the same
time and in the same way”
as to the Buddhist flag. "Bi
shops issued instructions that
the ban was to be observed,”
he said.
Father O’Connor said it would
be "a shallow and hurtful fal
lacy” to attribute the South
Vietnamese government’s atti
tude toward Buddhists to the fact
that President Diem and his
family are Catholics.
Father O’Connor also called
attention to a June 17 pastoral
letter by Archbishop Paul
Nguyen van Binh of Saigon in
which the Archbishop said the
church is not responsible for
actions of the government.
The pastoral quoted Pope
John and declared that "every
human being has the right to
honor God according to the dic
tates of an upright conscience
and to profess his religion pri
vately and publicly.”
"I am no blind partisan of
President Ngo Dinh Diem or his
government,” Father O’Connor
said. "I disapprove strongly of
some of the police methods used
here, while realizing that life
in South Vietnam is immeasu
rably freer, easier, and better
than in communist-ruled North
Vietnam.
"The government here is
open to criticism, but if the
critic’s information be inaccu
rate or out of focus, he cannot
criticize soundly or construct
ively.”
Agitations Really Aiming
At Overthrow Of Diem
The author of the following
analysis of the motivations un
derlying the current Buddhist
conflict with the Vietnamese
government of Catholic Presi
dent Ngo dinh Diem, has spent
almost two decades covering the
news in the Far East. For the
past two years he has maintain
ed headquarters in Saigon, Viet
nam’s capital, and kept a close
eye on the complex political
currents active in that commu
nist-embattled republic.
By Father Patrick O’Connor
Society of St. Columban
SAIGON, Vietnam, (NC)—Bu-
dhists agitating for "re
ligious freedom” in South Viet
nam are really aiming at the
overthrow of the government.
That has been suspected for
weeks by some observers, Viet
namese and foreign. Now, ac
cording to sources close to the
inner circles of Buddhist lead
ers, one can be sure of it.
The agitation is conducted by
the "Inter-Sect Committee for
the Defense of Buddhism.” In
this committee the General
Buddhist Association wields
most influence. (Many Vietnam
ese Buddhists stay aloof from
the association and from the
other groups represented on the
committee. Probably many of
the rank and file who follow the
committee's leadership did not
realize what the ultimate aim of
the present agitation is.)
The Buddhists involved in this
agitation, kept at fever pitch
since May 8, do not intend to
take up arms in open rebel
lion. They claim that they will
"struggle” as Mahatma Gandhi
did, by "non-violence.” But it
looks as if they hope to pro
duce a situation in which some
body else will use violence in
their behalf. After that,
they seem to thank, will come
the downfall of President Ngo
Dinh Diem and his government.
Ostensibly the agitation is to
enforce "five demands,” the
first of which concerns flag
flying, and to obtain "relig
ious freedom,” the absense of
which is not apparent. By now
some of the leaders are admit
ting in private that the real goal
is political: to topple the gov
ernment.
(Continued on Page 5)
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS State deputy, Barney Dunstan,
center of Augusta, looks on as District Deputy Danny
Keane , right, presents the Grand Knight’s gavel to Joe
Ebberwein for the year 1963-64. After the installation
ceremonies Mr. Dunstan spoke to Savannah Council #631
and presented Past Grand Knight Earl Holmen a certificate
of achievement from the Supreme Council. The installation
was held July 24 in Savannah.