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Council Voting Seen
Nearly Unanimous But
With Absolute Liberty
VATICAN CITY (NC)—Voting
on the liturgical project in the
ecumenical council has focused
attention on two facts: the al
most unanimous agreement of
the council Fathers and the ab
solute liberty with which they
cast their votes.
These points were made by
Auxiliary Bishop Jose Cirarda
Lachiondo of Seville, Spain, in
a press conference given in the
council press office.
The Bishop said that the una
nimity shown in the council is
the result of the discussions
of last year and of the maturing
of thought since the last ses
sion. “All has contributed to
create a conciliar climate which
makes us hopeful,” he said
“The conciliar commissions
have followed a middle road
between extreme positions and
the results of the voting assure
us that the road followed is a
good one.”
Bishop Cirada noted that the
“law” of the council Vis the
law of unanimity, which can be
obtained solely by comprehen
sive dialogue among the Fa
thers. No one seeks to impose
his point of view but all are con
cerned with the good of the
Church and of souls in this
particular moment of history.”
The Bishop pointed out that
the Fathers had four days to
study the new amendments to
the liturgical project before
they were asked to vote on them.
Commenting on the long de
bate on the collegiality of the
bishops, Bishop Cirarda said it
was “providential” that this
problem was not thrashed out
at the First Vatican Council a
century ago. He explained that
since the definition of the
infallibility at the First Vatican
Council, a second debate on the
collegiality of the bishops could
have had serious consequences
for the success of the council
and for the Church. Today,
however, debate is proceeding
with serenity and thoughtful
ness.
“All the Fathers admit a so
lidarity of the episcopal body
and a responsibility of each sin
gle bishop in the life of all the
Church. Both these realities
are founded on the episcopal
consecration, Many Fathers see
in it the base of a collegiality
necessary for exercising the
universal responsibilities of bi
shops; others consider the term
‘college’ as too juridical, and
fear that proclaiming it as di
vine law, one diminishes the
authority of the primacy of the
Supreme Pontiff, although it is
affirmed that the ‘college’ is
subject to the pope as its
head.”
No Money For
Fallout Shelters
WASHINGTON (NC)--The
House has supported its Ap
propriations Committee and
voted to refus e funds for a pro
gram to build and equip fallout
shelters in public and private
buildings, including schools and
hospitals.
Obituaries
Sister Francoise
SAVANNAH—Funeral serv
ices for Sister Francoise Bal
tina were held October 14th at
the Little Sisters of the Poor
with the Reverend Luke Bain,
O.S.B. officiating.
The sermon was delivered by
Rt. Rev. Msgr. Andrew J. Mc
Donald, J.C.D., Chancellor of
the Diocese.
Survivors include a brother,
a sister, and several nieces and
nephews, all of France.
Mrs. McGinley
SAVANNAH—Funeral serv
ices for Mrs. Sarah Ann McGin
ley were held October 11th at
the Cathedral of St. John the
Baptist.
Surviving are two sons, Frank
McGinley of Atlanta and Mat
thew H. McGinley Jr. of New
York City; a daughter, Mrs.
Alice McCarthy of Decatur; five
grandchildren and several
nieces and nephews.
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Mrs. G.C. Jones
SAVANNAH—Funeral serv
ices for Mrs. Margaret Clubb
Jones were held October 14th
at the Cathedral of St. John the
Baptist.
Survivors include her hus
band, George C. Jones, and a
daughter, Miss Ann Jones.
John I. Magill
AUGUSTA—Funeral serv
ices for John I. Magill were
held October 14th at St. Patrick
Church with Father Ralph E.
Seikel officiating.
Mr. Magill, husband of the
late Mrs. Elizabeth Lyon Ma
gill, was a retired postal em
ploye. He had made his home
in Miami for 25 years.
Carlton B. Thornton
COLUMBUS—Funeral serv
ices for Carlton B. Thornton
were held October 12th from
the Church of the Holy Famigy
with Walter L. DiFrancesco
officiating.
Survivors include his widow,
Mrs. May Mayer Thornton, Co
lumbus, and a son Carlton B.
Thornton Jr., Miami, Fla.
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PULASKI DAY was marked in Savannah with a Military Mass celebrated at the famed
Savannah fort named for the American Revolutionary War hero, a Polish Count. Celebrant
was the Rev. Leonard O’Brien, assistant rector of the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.
Cadets from Benedictine Military School served the Mass and provided the honor guard.
The Southern Cross, October 17, 1963—PAGE 3
To Christian Unity, Prelate Says
“Excessive Interpretations 99
Of Papal Primacy Obstacle
ROME (NC)—The doctrine of
the primacy of the pope is not
an obstacle to union but “ex
cessive interpretations” are,
said Melkite Rite Patriarch
Maximos IV Saigh of Antioch
in an interview granted to the
Divine Word news service.
The Patriarch declared:
“The dogma of the primacy
of the Roman Pontiff defined by
the First Vatican Council gave
rise to misinterpretations
which disfigured the pri
macy and made it an obstacle
to union for Christians, where
as in reality the primacy is a
charism (special gift) granted
by Christ to His Church. We
are convinced that the obstacle
to union is not the doctrine of
the primacy itself, sufficiently
well founded in Sacred Scrip
ture and the traditions of the
Church, but rather the ex
The Second Week
Vatican Council In Review
The following is a roundup
story of debates during the sec
ond week of the ecumenical
council’s second session.
VATICAN CITY, (NC)—The
F athers of the ecumenical coun
cil during the second week of
its second session passed am
endments to the schema—or
draft constitution—on the lit
urgy that will eventually intro
duce the venacular into parts of
the Mass.
This history-making decision
was taken as the Fathers pass
ed all 19 amendments to the
second chapter of the liturgy
schema—each one by a large
majority—between October 8
and 10,
While voting on the liturgy
amendments, the council simul
taneously continued to debate
the schema “On the Nature of
the Church.” During discus
sions the questions of the col
legiality of the bishops and the
resoration of the permanent di-
aconate clearly emerged as two
of the major issues of the coun
cil’s second session.
In connection with the for
mer the matter of the First
Vatican Council’s teaching on
papal primacy and infallibility
also came up. Archbishop Law
rence J. Shehan of Baltimore
urged (Oct. 10) that the text of
the schema on the Church “be
amended so as to show that
the 'definitions’ (of doctrine)
of the pope are never to be
understood as being against or
without the consent of the
Church.”
The liturgy amendment on the
vernacular makes it possible to
use modern languages in the
parts of the Mass “pertaining to
the people.” Precisely how
much or how little of this con
cession will actually be applied
was left by the provisions of
the schema to the national hier
archies. However, “parts per
taining to the people” could in
clude all the chants of the
ordinary (Kyrie, Gloria, Cre
do, Sanctus and Agnus Dei) and
of the Proper (Introit, Grad
ual, Offertory and Communion).
Archbishop Paul J. Hallinan
of Atlanta, a member of
the council Liturgy Commission
who had an active part in pre
paring the schema, said at a
press conference (Oct. 9) that
there are four steps to be tak
en before the vernacular may
actually be introduced into the
Mass:
1. Approval of the amended
second chapter of the liturgy
draft constitution, which now
appears virtually certain.
2. Projulgation of the consti
tution by Pope Paul VI and the
council.
3. Approval by national hier
archies.
4. Preparation of texts in the
vernacular.
Archbishop Hallinan report
ed that informal meetings of bi
shops belonging to different lan
guage groups are already being
held to prepare uniform ver
nacular texts.
Other amendments to the lit
urgy schema:
—Directed that changes by
made In the text and rite of
the Mass to make for greater
simplicity.
—Presented the sermon or
homily as an integral part of
the Mass and ordered that a
sermon be preached at all Mas
ses on Sundays and holy days
of obligation.
—Recommended that people
take part in the Mass by re
ceiving Communion.
—Proposed the extension of
Communion under both species
to others than the celebrant on
certain occasion.
—Urged priests to exhort the
people to be present at both
parts of the Mass, that is "the
service of the word and the
Eucharistic service.”
In the debate on collegiality
of the bishops, Achille Cardin
al Lienart, Bishop of Lille,
France, said (Oct. 10) that the
’’treatment of the collegiality of
the bishops and of their rela
tionship with the Roman pontiff
could give the impression that
there is a question of two an
tagonists, one of whom must
eventually be sacrificed to the
other.” This is a wrong im
pression, he said.
The following day, Gia
como Cardinal Lercaro, Arch
bishop of Bologna and one oO
the four moderators who di
rect daily council meetings,
announced that the moderators
had decided that “because of the
importance of the matters under
discussion, the time is not yet
right to close off debate on the
collegiality of the bishops and
the restoration of the permanent
diaconate.”
But, the Cardinal warned,
speakers “should take spe
cial care not to repeat what has
already been said on the floor.”
The First Vatican Council’s
teaching on papal primacy and
infallibility was brought up by
Archbishop Joseph Descuffi,
C.M., of Izmir, Turkey. His re
marks turned on the phrase used
by the first Vatican Council:
“Ex sese, non ex consensu
ecclesiae” (of himself and not
by consent of the Church).
Archbishop Descuffi said
there should be a special para
graph in the schema explaining
how the privilege of infallibility
makes the definitions of the
pope irreversible of themsel
ves, by virtue of special divine
assistance and not by virtue of
the consent of the Church.
It is true, he said, that the
Universal Church is likewise
infallible, but this is not in
conflict with the infallibility of
the pope.
The same argument was taken
up by Archbishop Shehan, who
quoted from Bishop Vincent
Gasser, who spoke on the same
matter at the First Vatican
Council: “We cannot separate
the pope from the consent of
the Church because this consent
is never wanting. Since we hold
that the Roman Pontiff is infal
lible, we automatically teach
that his definitions will have the
consent of the Church because
the body of the bishops cannot
be separated from its head and
the entire Church cannot be
found wanting.”
The rchbishop raised this
point, he said, “because the Ca
tholic doctrine of papal in
fallibility gives rise to
many difficulties with our sep
arated brethren.”
Fernando Cardinal Quiroga y
Palacios, Archbishop of San
tiago di Compostella, Spain,
raised the issue of the juri
dical aspects of the collegiality
of the bishops. He said:
“It is not clear whether the
whether the bishops have been
constituted by the will of Christ
into a juridical moralpersonor
whether the term 'collegiality*
designates only the totality of
the bishops. It is true that the
college of bishops by the will
of Christ, in union with its
head, has the power to make
laws.
“But this power does not
necessarily constitute a college
in the strict sense. If the bish
ops form a college only in vir
tue of moral union, deriv
ing from the pursuit of one
same end and the use of com
mon means that the bishops, in
union with the pope, enjoy leg
islative power over the entire
Church, then we must determine
clearly whether this is divine
or only ecclesiastical law. That
it is divine law does not yet
seem to be conclusively prov
ed.”
Discussing the restoration of
the permanent diaconate, Paul
Cardinal Richaud, Archbishop
of Bordeaux, France, said he
favored it and stated that
“Many young men fear the
priesthood because they see
many priests worn out by nu
merous occupations not direc
tly connected with the adminis
tration of the Sacraments and
the exercise of priestly pow
ers.” His suggestion was that
the permanent diaconate would
believe this problem.
Fernando Cardinal Cento,
Grand Penitentiary, also fa
vored the permanent diaconate,
but only under celibacy.
cessive interpretations of this
primacy in doctrine and prac
tice,” he stated.
Patriarch Maximos IV said
that once freed from exaggera
tions in doctrine and practice,
the “Roman primacy will not
only cease to be a principal
obstacle to unity among Chris
tians but will become the chief
force which seeks and main
tains this union. The primacy
is absolutely indispensable as
a center of unity for the
Church.”
Thus, he said, it is the task
of the Second Vatican Council
“to clarify and complement the
words of the First Vatican
Council on the primacy in the
light of the Doctrine of the di
vine institution of the episco
pacy and its inscrutable
rights.”
The Patriarch made the point
that the head of the Church is
Our Saviour Jesus Christ and
He alone. As Peter was head of
the Apostolic College, so the
Roman Pontiff is head of the
Episcopal College. Since the
successor can have no more
power than the one whom he
succeeds, it is not proper to
Administrator
Elected
OGDENSBURG, N. Y. (NC)—
Msgr. Louis D. Berube, Vicar
General of the Ogdensburg dio
cese, has been elected diocesan
administrator pending the ap
pointment of a new bishop. Bi
shop Leo R. Smith of Ogdens
burg died (Oct. 9) in Rome of a
heart attack.
South African Archbishop
Holds Ecumenical Council
Should Deal With Racism
speak of the Roman Pontiff
as the head of the Church.”
He said he agreed with bi
shops who maintain that the
“foundation of the Church con
sists not only in Peter but in
all the other Apostles as well,
as many texts in the New Tes
tament prove.”
Patriarch Maximos IV said
that this does not oppose the
primacy of Peter and his suc
cessors, “but places it in anew
light.” He explained that “the
bishops are rulers in their own
diocese, as is clear from the
development of the Oriental
Church from apostolic times.”
He said the Eastern Rites had
a sacramental, liturgical, the
ological and disciplinary life
“in which there appears only a
rare intervention by the Holy
See.”
He said that the universal
powers given to the pope “are
given to him essentially in
sofar as he Is the head of the
entire hierarchy and precisely
so that he may fulfill a pri
mate’s role of service.” He
called the primatial power a
pastoral one, “because it is a
ministry, a service, a diacon
ate, a pastoral, as Pope Paul
VI himself has said.”
The Patriarch said that nei
ther the nomination of bishops
nor their canonical mission
* * are reserved by divine right to
the Roman Pontiff alone. It is not
right to extend universally a
practice and a doctrine which is
merely a contingent fact of
Christianity in the West.”
Chatham Typewriter Co.
(The following article gives
the views of a veteran champion
of racial justice on the problem
of racism, which he sees as a
question which should be con
sidered by the ecumenical coun
cil when it treats of the presence
of the Church in the modern
world. The author is a native of
Cape Town who became a bishop
in 1947, when he was 31 years
old. Archbishop of Durban since
1951, he served on the Central
Preparatory Commission of the
council and is an elected mem
ber of its Commission for Semi
naries, Studies and Catholic
Schools.)
By Archbishop Dennis E.
Hurley, O.M.I.
(N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE)
Racism has not yet appeared
on the agenda of the Second
Vatican Council. Whether of
not it will depends in large
measure on the joint commis
sion set up after the first ses
sion to compile a draft on * ‘The
Effective Presence of the
Church in the Modern World.”
The council had to undergo quite
a process of evolution before it
got to the stage of contemplat
ing a draft of this nature.
One of the features of the pre
paration of the council was the
curious anomaly whereby the
two powerful trends in the
Church, the conservative and
the progressive, talked past and
not to each other for about three
years.
Pope John XXIII launched the
Council to bring the Church up
to date in its methods and pre
sentation. Those who directed
the council’s preparatory
stages never realized what he
meant. They saw the Church as
perenially perfect.
There was nothing wrong with
the traditional presentation. All
that was needed was a slight
toning of the dogmatic muscles
and a little stiffening of the
canonical sinews. This would
remove whatever slight blur
ring prevailed around the sharp
edges of the Church’s image.
If people did not recognize the
Church it was their fault.
Pope John obviously meant
something entirely different.
He wanted his aggiornamento,
and the way he spoke about it
indicated that he expected it to
be quite a shake-up. He appa
rently was not satisfied that, in
this question of not recognizing
the Church’s image, all the
blame was with the people who
could not see. He was prepar
ed to admit that quite a fair
amount might lie with the
Church itself that could not be
seen. The purpose of the council
was to face up to the failings
of the Church and seek out the
remedies.
A month before the council
opened he spoke along these
lines in his radio allocution of
September 11, 1962. He said
that the Church aimed at evok
ing, through the achievements of
the council, a more vigorous
response in the modern world
to the twofold manifestation of
her vitality—internal (ad intra),
by which she teaches, prays and
imparts life, and external (ad
extra), by which she involves
herself in the solution of man
kind’s problem. This was again
the burden of the allocution that
opened the council on October
11, 1962.
It was an incredible and in
congruous situation. We sat
there listening to one of the
most revolutionary speeches
ever made by a pope, with a
packet of schemas in our hands
that, in the main, would have
damped down the French Revo
lution itself.
What happened to the bulk of
these schemas—characterized
by the then Cardinal Montini, in
an article in the December 2
issue of Italia: “immense, ex
cellent, but disconnected and
uneven”—is now history. In
dealing with them the council
found its soul, the soul that
Pope John had been trying to
infuse into it.
The council also found its
purpose, a purpose magnificent
ly formulated by Cardinal Sue-
nens of Belgium last Decem
ber 4, in his famous speech
echoing the allocution of Sep
tember 11, and suggesting a
plan for the future work of the
council.
The theme, he said, should be
the Church, Light of the Nations,
and all conciliar declarations
should fall under the two head
ings: The Church in itself, ad
intra, and the Church to the
world, ad extra. A special com
mission should take up the pro
blem of the Church to the world.
That commission in due
course received a splendid lead
from Pope John’s last testa
ment to mankind :Pacem in Ter
ris. This encyclical spoke out
against racism. Whether or not
the council will treat of the pro
blem is not yet clear, but taking
all things into consideration it
does look impossible for the
council to avoid it.
When we talk of racism today
we think mainly of the black-
white clash. We should cer
tainly not overlook the fact
that anti-Semitism had its
racial as well as religious im
plications. There are many who
hope that the council will formu
late a clear Catholic attitude in
this field. But black-white rela
tions remain the outstanding
racial issue.
When you reduce the problem
to its principal areas of conflict
you find them geographically
very limited: the United States,
the Republic of South Africa,
Southern Rhodesia and, to some
extent, Australia. For that rea
son the problem hardly seems
worthy of the attention of an
ecumenical council.
On the other hand, there is no
escaping the fact that the racial
conflicts of the United States
and Southern Africa rever
berate around the world. This
is because no matter what the
philosophers may say about the
empirical nature of man’s mind,
it thinks in universals.
This does for insults as well.
The scope of an insult depends
largely on the quality or aspect
affected in the insulted person.
The insult may strike at him
self or his family or his nation
or his race or his color. The
black races the world over are
insulted by the racial sins of
American, South Aftican and
Rhodesian whites, because the
are so deeply conscious of their
identification with what feels
the lash of the white man’s
scorn in the United States or
Southern Africa.
Governor Praises
Schools
RALEIGH, N. C. (NC)—Gov.
Terry Sanford of North Caro
lina told the Raleigh diocese’s
annual Teachers Institute it is
“highly important” the Church
maintain its leadership in edu
cation.
* 'The moral and spiritual ba
lance afforded by Church-spon
sored education is vitally need
ed,” he said in the institute’s
keynote address.
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