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PACE 6 GEORGIA BULLETIN MONDAY JUNE 3, 1963 CURBED ANTI-SEMITISM A CONCLAVE To Jews Pope John Was ‘Brother Joseph’ the Archdiocese of Atlanta GEORGIA BULLETIN SERVING GEORGIAS 7 \ NORTHERN COUNTIES Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Atlanta Published Every Week at the Decatur DeKalb News PUBLISHER - Archbishop Paul J. Hallinan MANAGING EDITOR Gerard E. Sherry* CONSULTING EDETOR Rev. R. Donald Kiernan ADVERTISING DIRECTOR Sue Spence Member of the Catholic Press Association and Subscriber to N.C.W.C. News Service 2699 Peachtree N. E. P.O. Box 11667 Northside Station Atlanta 5, Ga. Telephone 231-1281 Second Class Permit at Decatur, Georgia U.S.A. $5.00 Canada $5.50 Foreign $6.50 What Happens After Death Of A Pontiff ? Both before and during his pontificate, Pope John XXIII played an inspiring role in the Church's efforts to curb anti- Semitism. He was praised by Jewish leaders on many occas ions for his efforts in their behalf. During the tragic days of World War II, for example, Archbishop Angelo Roncalli, while serving as Apostolic De legate to Greece and Turkey, acted to prevent the sacrifice of innocent victims of war and persecution. From his post in Istanbul he intervened to divert a shipload of Jewish children from what would have been a tragic destination. When Pope John XXIII as cended the papal throne he had already proved his diplomatic skill and his priestly dedication both as Papal Nuncio to Fr ance and Patriarch of Venice. W hen he was appointed to the Paris post in 1944, he was con fronted by the tension that had developed between France and the Vatican during World War IL This had arisen from the fact deeply resented by the Re sistance Movement, that the Nu ncio’s predecessor had main tained headquarters at Vichy, seat of Marshal Petain's col laborationist government. HOWEVER, the then Arch bishop Angelo Gi- ,eppe Roncal li succeeded so well in rega ining the confidence andfriend- ship of the post-war government that, within three months of his arrival in Paris, Franee resu med normal diplomatic ties with the Holy See by naming the celebrated Catholic philoso pher, Jacques Marita in as its Ambassador in Vatican City. As a diplomat, Archbishop Roncalli added considerably to his already extensive list of friends. In this he was helped by his characteristic dislike of red tape and his reliance on personal contacts to ease dif ficult situations. His first meet ing with General Charles de Gaulle was a cold, formal af fair, the Utter having already presented a long list of bish ops he wished to be replaced because they had been branded by same Frenchmen as colla borators with the Germans. But subsequent personal calls on the general by the Nuncio and the frank conversations between the two resulted in their becoming staunch friends. Another of Archbishop Ronc- illi's new friends was Robert Schumann, who said of him: “He is the only man in Paris in whose company one feels a physical sense of peace." Other friends included such great French statesmen as Edo uard Harriot, Leon Blum,, Ant oine Pinay, Georges Bidault and Andre Pleven, IMMEDIATELY following his election as Pope, Cardinal Ron calli received congratulations from chief Rabbi Isaac Herzog of Israel who remembered the diplomat’s assistance to Jewish rescue missions. To Arch bishop Roncalli, thousands of Jews owed their opportunity to escape persecution and to find refuge in Palestine and else where. It is related that he was in strumental in saving many Jews who were persecuted by Slovak, Bulgarian and Hungarian nazis. These incidents were recall ed in October, 1960, when Pope John received a delegation of HOWEVER, diplomacy was not the only field In which the future Pope was occupied. His eight years in Paris coincided with the experiment of the work er-priest movement, designed to halt the de-Christianization of France’s industrial areas. This involved priests working in factories, living In workers' residences, offering Mass wherever they could — often at a factory bench or a kitchen table. The first results of the experiment were encouraging. But it soon became apparent that the new ministry involved the danger that worker-priests might influence on it. Some pr iests, in fact, left the priest hood and married. Others cre ated scandal by their Commu nist alliances. Pope Pius XII, in 1952, imposed certain res trictions on the movement. But it was left to his successor fin ally to ban it and ask the Fr ench hierarchy to look for new methods of evangelism among the working class. In March 1945, Archbishop Roncalli took part in ceremon ies in Paris in honor of St. Theresa of Lisieux, newly-pro claimed patron saint of France. A year later, he presided over a meeting of the Catholic Aid Commission at which plans were outlined for extended aid to war victims. Meanwhile, he transmitted in the name of the French hierarchy a formal pro* test against the imprisonment of Aloysius Cardinal Steplnac, Archbishop of Zagreb, but the Yugoslav Communist govern ment. The Imprisoned prelate later was one of those named a cardinal at the same con sistory which saw Archbishop Roncalli honored with the Red Hat. In 1948, the Papal Nuncio of ficiated at rites commemora ting the tercentenary of the un ion of France and Alsace, During the ceremonies, a pla que was unveiled in honor of the bishops, priests and nuns of Alsace who gave their lives “for the Church and France in the past 200 years." While serving as official Vat ican observer to the United Nat- 130 U. S. members of the Unit ed Jewish Appeal and the Jew ish study mission, led by Rabbi Herbert Friedman. "I AM Joseph, your brother," he greeted them. The quotation, given in the context of the Old Testament story of Joseph of Egypt, had a double meaning. The Pope, baptized Angelo Giuseppe, counts St. Joseph as his patron. It was no surprise when Is raels Ambassador in Rome, Eliahu Sassoon, attended funeral rites for Pope Pius XII and the coronation ceremonies of Pope John XXIIL President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, of Israel was among the heads of state to whom papal letters of access ion were dispatched by the new pontiff. It is said to be the first time in modern history’ that the Vicar of Christ wrote to a suc cessor of King David. Written in Latin, the letter was ans wered in Biblical Hebrew. DURING his pontificate Pope John displayed "a sympathetic attitude towards Israel and all that Is being done there," reported Melkite-Rite Bishop George Hakim of Acre spirit ual head of the 20,000 Eas tern-Rite Catholics there. When Pope John in 1959, ordered the words "Unbe lieving’’ and "Perfidious” in references Jews and Moslems deleted from the liturgy of Good Friday, he received letters of praise from such Jewish orga nizations as The American Jew ish Committee, the Jewish War Veteran of the U. S., and the Anti-Defamation League of B’ nal B'rith. It was hailed as "another significant step to ward improving interreligious understanding." ions Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNE SCO) in 1952, Archbishop Ron calli delivered an address to the agency’s seventh general conference in Paris which pr aised UNESCO's work and re affirmed the Church’s paramo unt concern for the work to ward peace and reconciliation throughout the world. THE ARCHBISHOP was among 24 prelates who were created cardinals at a consis tory summoned by Pope Pius XII in January, 1953. He re ceived the Red Hat from Fran ce's Vincent Auriol, a tradit ion holding that Papal Nuncios must be presented with this symbol of thecardinalatial rank from the heads of the countries to which they are accredited. At the consistory Pius XII an nounced he had appointed Car dinal Roncalli as Patriarch of Venice to succeed Patriarch Carlo Agosttno, who had died a month previously. On his de- pature from France the new cardinal was named a Com mander of the French Legion of Honor. In this first greeting to the faithful of Venice, Cardi nal Roncalli told them he had come "not as a man of poli tics, or as a diplomat," but as "a shepherd of souls." He loved Venice and was loved in turn by the Venetians. He became a familiar sighttothem as he visited parishes (often going into the rectories to thank the humble women who took care of them), chatted with lit tle children in catechism cla sses, made the rounds of hos pitals and other Institutions, and attended cultural and recre ational gatherings sponsored by Catholic Action. His priests were captiv ated by his tactful and under- sunding treatment of them. Soon many anecdotes about the new Patriarch began to cir culate, all revealing his deeply human characteristics. Once, it was related, an extremely st out person was trying to over take the cardinal to have a few words with him. Turning, Cardinal Roncalli •mlled and said: "The Lord is bound to be particularly tol erant with us fat men." Many people loved him be cause, as they said, he brought them back in memory to the days of another Patriarch — the humble, warmhearted Gius eppe Sarto who became Pope Pius X and was canonized a saint. Even when it was neces sary for him to censure or re buke, Cardinal Roncalli preser ved his sense of humor and the moderation characteristic of him. Once he was forced to complain about women attire. This was how he expressed him self: "People don't have to come to Italy wrapped In furs. But Italy is not exactly below the Equator. And even down there, for that matter, lions wear their coats and crocodiles are pro tected by their precious skins," For all his tolerance and soc iability, the Patriarch was un compromising in cases involv ing protection of morality or behavior of parishioners. He did not approve of his priests own ing television sets because they represented luxury that confli cted with the proverty and want to many of the faithful . On three occasions he felt obliged to speak out against a certain leftist orientation of some young people in Catholic Action. Spec ifically, he was much concerned over collaboration between Cat holic-oriented political parties and Communist-allied groups. **• Only a few relatives and fri ends witnessed the ordination of Angelo Roncalli later Pope John XXlll — on August 10,1904, in the Church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo, Italy. The Jour ney from northern Italy was too expensive for his brothers and sisters. BEFORE he left for the con clave of October, 1958, which was to see him chosen to suc ceed Pope Pius XIL Cardinal Roncalli had built 30 new ch urches and a minor seminary u« the Venetian See, served as Papal Legate to a Marian con gress In Beirut, Lebanon, and established a new center for the patriarchal archives. His interest in Catholic Act ion took him at various times to Marian congresses in eight other Italian cities. During the 1958 Venice Film Festival he spoke to actors and directors, exhorting them to impart a Ch ristian and human dignity to their work. In March of the same year ’he went to France to preside, at solemn cere monies consecrating the huge new underground basilica built at the shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes in tenor of St. Plus X. What happens after a pope dies? How is his successor chosen? Who directs the Church bet ween his death and naming of his successor? THERE Is a sure, and det ailed series of steps spelled out for Vatican officials to fol low after the Pope's death. Custom, ancient ritual and and recent laws — some of them written by Pope John XX- III himself—have establishedth procedures to be followed. Although the Church is plug- ed deep into sorrow over the pontiff’s death, a corps of Vat ican officials begins immedia tely on the work to name his successor, a process climaxing in a secret conclave of the world’s cardinals. The cardinal chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church guides this process. This chamberlain, or camerlengo, is Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella. THE CARDINAL chamber lain’s job requires him to take immediate possession of the Holy See's properties and ad minister the temporal rights and goods of the Church. It is he who officially veri fies the death of a pope by vis iting the death scene and re ceiving the report of attending physicians. The cardinal chamberlain had a new duty added to his res- ponsibilitie by an October, 1962, instruction of Pope John. This charged him with preve nting any person from taking photograph of the pontiff as he was dying or after he was dead. Photos may be taken of a de ceased pontiff for reasons of proof or testimony, but only with the cardinal chamberlain's express permission and only if the pope is dressed in the pon tifical robes. This instruction was designed to avoid repetition of performa nce similiar to that of Pope Pius XII’s personal physican who photographed the Pontiff and turned the pictures over to newspapers and magazines. After verifying the death, the chamberlain officially notifies the vicar general of Rome who announces the demise to the people of Rome. The vicar is Clemente Cardinal Micara. THE chamberlain then gives orders for other necessary not ifications to be made. The dip lomatic corps, for example, la officially informed by the papal secretary of state, an act which is the secretary's last official job, because his office is not jurisdictional, but administrat ive under the direction of a living pope. The secretary is Amleto Cardinal Cicognani, lo ngtime Apostolic Delegate in the United States. Word is then sent from the Vatican to all cardinals to come to Rome for the conclave to elect a new Pope. The day after the pope's de ath, those members of the Col lege of Cardinals who are in Rome begin to hold daily meet ings called "preparatory con gregations." WHAT the cardinals are to do in these meetings is deta iled for them in an apostolic constitution written by Pope Pius XIL It is entitled "Vac- antis Apostolicae Sedls" (Of the Vacant Apostolic See.) This directive says the car dinals must: 1) Read the complete text of the constitution, after which each cardinal takes on oath to abide by it. 2) Elect a chamberlain if that post is vacant. 3) Make arrangements to be gin the conclave as soon as possible. 4) Fix the day and manner for taking the pope's body to St. Peter's basilica for the final respect* of the faithful. 5) Arrange for the nine fun eral Masses and determine the time for the first six meet ings of the cardinals. 6) Designate who will give the eulogy for the dead pope and the exhortation for the choosing of a new pontiff. 7) Designate the day for the reception of the diplomatic co rps and the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher. 8) Name committees of two or three cardinals each for ex amining the needs of the con clavists, for naming the persons to be admitted to the conclave, for constructing and sealing off the area of the Vatican Palace which will be used for the con- calve and for assigning cells. 9) Examine and approve ap propriations for the expenses of the concalve. 10) Read letters from heads of state, reports from apost olic nuncios and all that may be of interest in any was to the College of Cardinals. 11) Read such documents as may have been left by the dead pope for the cardinals. 12) Break the fisherman’s ring and the die for the official seals used in the Apostolic Chancery. 13) Draw lots for cells dur ing the conclace, exceptions be ing made for the advanced age or infirmity of Individual car dinals. 14) Fix the date for entrance into conclave. In the meantime, the govern ment activities of the Holy See continue, but only the absolutely necessary business is dealt with. This administration is con ducted by the cardinal chamber- lain. He acts with the advice of a committee of three cardinals, the deans of each order of the three in the Sacred College- bishops, priests and deacons. In extraordinary matters, he can consult with the entire col lege. WHILE some titles with which Cardinals are invested lapse with the death of the pope, ot hers do not to assure that Ch urch business will be attended to. For example, the cardi nal penitentiary retains his post. He continues to decide on cases of conscience, his main function. He is the only cardi nal who is entitled during the secret conclave to receive let ters which are not first opened and examined by the secretary of the college and coustdiaris of the conclave. The ordinary faculties of the Roman congregations—that is, those which they exercise without having resource to a pope—continue during the in terregnum. If, however, a case should arise in which it is necessary to have recourse to a pope and which cannot be deferred, the Sacred College can declare the prefect of the congregation in volved, plus another cardinal, competent to take joint action. Even such a move is provi sional, however, for their del etion must be submitted to the new pope after his election. PAPAL chamberlains— the very reverend monslgnors— lose their rank with the pope’s death. They can regain it only by reconfirmation by the new pope, an act usually performed. During the interregnum, the papal masters of ceremonies, whose office does notecase,but becomes in some respects more important, performs the task the papal chamberlains would normally handle, *•* The interest of Pope John XXlll in Chrlatian unity la deep- seated. From the time of his first sermon in Bulgaria in 1925. As Archbishop Roncalli, he has been preaching and writ ing on Church unity. It is not surprising, therefore, that the former Apoatollc Delegate to Bulgaria. IN VATICAN SERVICE Pope John XXIII Was Diplomat And Patriarch