Newspaper Page Text
THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 1963
GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 3
ROME (GA.) PRINCESS
Conclave Aides
For 250 Years
Archbishop Paul J. Hallinan shown officiating in the Cathedral of Christ the King during the office
of the Dead which preceded a Pontifical Requiem Mass for Pope John last week. State and local
dignitaries of all faiths attended the ceremonies.
THE POPE’S LETTER
Lively &
Young Affection’
VATICAN CITY, (NC) —The
flag which will fly over the
Vatican while the forthcoming
conclave is in session is the
banner of the princely Chigi
family, which has guarded the
security of the sessions for 250
years.
The flying of the flag is sym
bolic of the great power and
responsibility of the conclave’s
marshal, who guards the out
side door of the conclave cham
bers. The marshal's authority,
in those matters pertaining to
his position, is above any other
— even the cardinals them
selves — during the election of
a new pontiff. Only the newly-
elected pope may command him.
THE SINGLE door of the con
clave area is to be guarded on
the inside by the governor of the
conclave, Msgr. Federico Cal-
ori di Vignale, whose name is
cast on the interregnum coin
age of Vatican City. Guarding
the outside is the marshal, a
member of the Chigi family.
The first conclave marshals
were members of the Savelli
family, who guarded the doors
at papal elections in Viterbo,
Pope’s Valets
Get New Jobs
VATICAN CITY, (NC)—Pope
John's valets, the brothers Gui
do and Paolo Gusso, have been
given jobs at the Vatican. The
brothers came here with Pope
John from Venice, where he
served as Patriarch before his
election to the papacy. Guido
Gusso has been assigned to the
Apostolic Palace and Paolo
Gusso to the Vatican Secreta
riat of State.
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MIKE & STEVE
SERTICH
Italy, which lasted from 1268
to 1271. The Savelli line came
to an end in 1709 and the here
ditary title then passed on to
the wife of the Prince Savelli
of that time. She was a Chigi.
Her prince son guarded the con
clave of 1721, which elected
Pope Innocent XIIL
The 79th conclave which
opens June 19 will be mar
shaled by Prince Sigismondo
Chigi, the son of Prince Ludo
vico Chigi-Albani, who guarded
also the 1958 conclave which
chose Pope John.
PRINCE Sigismondo w as born
in Chigi Palace at Rome on
December 12, 1894.
His wife, the Princess Berry-
Chigi, is an American born in
Rome, Georgia.
The Berry- family- was Eng
lish and settled in Georgia in
the 1700s.
The Chigis, like the Savellis,
art- a patrician family origi
nating from Sienna. They gave
to the Church various cardinals
and magistrates and one pope.
Blessed John of Lecceto(1300),
a hermit of St. Augustine, and
Blessed Juliana, alsoanAugus-
tinian, were members of the
family. Fabio Chigi was Pope
Alexander VII.
There is no rule that only
members of the Chigi family
may be conclave marshals. But
the centuries-old traditions is
one that will not easily be bro
ken.
Racial Justice
White-Negro Job
LITTLE ROCK, Ark (NC)—
A priest gave separate advice
to members of an integrated
audience here on how they can
help in the attainment of racial
justice.
Resist your feelings and act
as you should despite the re
pulsion and revulsion you may
feel, Father Harold L. Cooper,
S. J., advised the whites. Don’t
carry a chip on your shoulder
and remember you will never
attain justice through injustice,
he advised the Negroes.
FATHER COOPER, a pro
fessor of philosophy at Loyola
University of the South, New
Orleans, gave four lectures
during a day of recollection at
St. John’s Home Missions Semi
nary.
The Jesuit priest, author of
many articles and pamphlets on
interracial matters, said that
only a few white persons "can
do great things about the race
question, but each of us in his
little corner can do his pan to
break down prejudice.”
VATICAN CITY, (NC)— Deeply
spiritual observations, warm
humor and pride in the honest
poverty of his family are rich
ly scattered through the last
letter Pope John wrote to his
relatives. Dated December 3,
1961, and published in L’Osser-
vatore Romano several days
after the Pope's death, the let
ter was addressed to his bro
ther Zaverio (whom he calls
by his boyhood nickname ”Se-
vero") but was intended as a
circular letter for the whole
family. The text of the letter
follows:
My Dear Brother Severo,
Today is the feast of your
great patron—the one of your
true and proper name, St. Fran
cis Xavier, as our dear “Bar
ba 1 ’ was named and now, hap
pily, our nephew Zaverio.
I think that three years have
passed since I stopped writing
on a typewriter, as I liked so
much to do. If now I have de
cided to resume the habit and
to use a new typewriter that is
all for me, I have done it for
my 80 years, although lam still
well and resume the good path
still in good health, although
there are a few little aches
which remind me that I am 80,
and not 60 or 50; and at least
for now I can continue the good
service of the Lord and the
Holy Church.
This letter, which I wanted to
address to you. cear Severo,,
is a voice that would reach all
Alfredo, Giuseppino, Assunta,
sister-in-law Catherina, your
dear Maria, Virgino and Angelo
Ghisleni, as to all the des
cendants of our line, I wish it
to be for all an expression of
my always lively and always
young affection.
Busy as I am, as you know,
in a service so important that
the eyes of the whole world
are turned on it, I cannot for
get my beloved relatives, to
whom my thoughts turn during
the day.
1 am pleased that since you
cannot keep up a personal cor
respondence with me, you can
confide everything in Msgr.
(Loris) Capovilla, who is very-
fond of you and to whom you
can tell everything as though to
me.
Remember that this is one of
the very few private letters that
I have w ritten to anyone in my
family during the past first
three years of my pontificate
and sympathize with me if I
cannot do more, even with
people of my own blood.
This sacrifice which I impose
on my relations with you does
honor to you and me and earns
more respect and affection than
you could believe or imagine.
Now the great demonstrations
of reverence and affection for
the Pope on the arrival of the
80th year are coming to an end.
and I am pleased because I pre
fer to the praise and good wishes
of men, the charity- of the Lord
who elected me to a commit
ment so great that I desire
Him to sustain me until the end
of my life.
My personal tranquility,
which makes so much im
pression in the world, is all
in this: to be obedient as I
always have, and not to de
sire or pray to live even one
day beyond the time when the
Angel of Death will come to
call and take me to Paradise,
as I have faith.
That does not stop me from
thanking the Lord for having
wanted to choose at Brusico
and Colombera him who would
call himself the successor of
so many popes during 20 cen
turies and take the name of the
Vicar of Jesus Christ on Earth.
Because of this call, the name
Roncalli was brought to the
knowledge, the sympathy and
respect of all the world. You
do well to remain humble, just
as I have tried to do, and not
to be carried away by the in
sinuations and gossip of the
world. The world has no in
terest other than making money,
enjoying life and imposing it-
unfortunate events with its
overbearingness.
These past 80 years say to
me, as to you, dear Severo,
and to all ours, that what counts
the most is to keep ourselves
always well prepared to pass
suddenly away: to assure our
selves of eternal life by trust
ing in the goodness of the Lord
who sees all and provides all.
I want to express these most
intimate sentiments to you, my
most dear Severo, so that you
will relay them to all our most
intimate relations in Colom
bera, Gerole, Bonate and Medo-
loago and wherever they are,
whose towns I don’t even know
the names of. I leave it to
your discretion how you want
to do it. I think that Enrica
could help you, and also Don
Battista.
Continue to love each other,
all you Roncallis, new families
included, and please understand
me if I cannot write to every
family. Our little Giuseppe is
right when he says to his bro
ther the Pope: “You, who are
a prisoner of luxury, you can
not do all that you would like.”
I would like to mention the
names of those who suffer most
ROME , (NC) -- St. Paul’s
Episcopal church for Ameri
cans here plans to put up a
memorial to Pope John XXIII.
It will be a set of doors,
of either glass and bronze or
glass and wrought Iron, to re
place the wooden doors of the
church on Via Nazionale.
REV. WILBUR CHARLES
WOODHAMS, rector of St.
among us*' dear Maria; your
wife, Benedetta; the good Rita,
who has assured herself Para
dise with her sufferings, and for
you two, who have helped her
with so much charity; cousin
Catherina, who reminds me al
ways of her and our Giovanni
who looks upon us from Heaven;
together with our Roncalli re
lations and other kin like those
who went to Milan.
I know very well that you
will have to undergo some mor
tification at the hands of those
who do not want to recognize
common sense. So it is to have
a Pope in the family, to whom
the respectful gaze of all the
world turns, and to live—his
own relations—so modestly re
maining in their social con
dition. But then many know that
the Pope, son of humble but
honored people, does not forget
anyone, has and shows a good
heart towards all his dearest
relations, and that besides, his
own condition is that of almost
all his ancestors, and that the
honor of a pope is not to en
rich his relatives, but only to
assist them with charity ac
cording to their needs and the
conditions of each one.
This is and will always be
one of the most beautiful and
most appreciated titles of Pope
John and of his Roncalli family.
Upon my death there will not
be lacking that praise that so
honored the sanctity of Pope
Pius X: born poor and died
poor.
It is natural, that having
reached 80 years, others also
come along behind me. Courage,
courage I We are in good com
pany. I always keep a photo
graph by my bed which has all
their names written on marble,
all our dead: grandfather An
gelo, Barba Zaverio, our vene
rated parents, Brother Giovan
ni,, Sister Teresa, Ancilla,
Maria and Erica.
O What a beautiful chorus of
souls wait and pray for us I I
always think of them. To re
member them in prayer gives
me courage and fills me with
happiness in the faithful wait
to Join them altogether in ce
lestial and eternal glory.
John XXIII, Supreme Pontiff.
Paul's, said that the doors will
symbolize the door that Pope
John opened to the Protestants.
Scenes representing the hist
oric visit of Most Rev. Geof
frey Fisher, then Archbishop of
Canterbury, to Pope John in
1960 and the 1961 visit of Most
Rev. Arthur Lichtenberger,
Presiding Bishop of the Pro
testant Episcopal Church in the
United States, will be etched on
the doors.
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PAPAL ELECTION
American Cardinals
At Four Conclaves
Members of the Sacred Col
lege of Cardinals will meet in
solemn conclave June 19 to
elect a new pope. The door to
their meeting place in the Vati
can will be sealed behind them
and they will not emerge until
their task is completed.
This colorful event will be the
79th of its kind in the history
of the Church. It is called “con
clave” from the Latin words
meaning "with key”.
The length of conclaves has
varied, but in recent years they
have been brief. Pope John
XXIII was elected within four
days—on the 12th ballot. His
immediate predecessor, Pope
Pius XII, was elected in 1939
in 20 hours. It was the shor
test conclave since 1623.
The first conclave or closed
meeting, the longest on record,
was held at Viterbo, Italy. Pope
Clement IV had died there, No
vember 29, 1268, and rules
then in force required the meet
ing had to be held where the
former pope had died. The 18
cardinals present deliberated
two years, nine months and two
days before electing Gregory X
as pope on September 1, 1271.
The pope they finally elected,
Gregory X, lost no time in is
suing an Apostolic Constitution
"Ubi Periculum,” setting forth
the procedures to be followed
in future elections, and stipula
ting that a conclave cannot ad
journ until a pope is elected.
Decrees of succeeding pon
tiffs retained this basic rule and
added others as the times de
manded. Pope Clement VII(1523
-1534) decreed that all future
elections be held in Rome. Pius
X (1903-1914) abolished the veto
power of monarchs over papal
elections following his election,
after Emperor Francis Joseph
of Austria sent word through
Cardinal Puzvna that he did not
want the election of the leading
candidate, Secretary of State
Cardinal Rampolla, and threat
ened to use die power of veto
if he were elected. In those
days, some Catholic countries
were allowed this veto or "Right
of Exclusion”. But the incident
so shocked and angered the 62
cardinals present that the new
ly-elected pope decreed that ex-
communication was to be pro
nounced “ipso facto” against
any cardinal who attempted to
act for a government by cast
ing a veto during a conclave.
In his motu proprio "Cum
Proxime,” March 1,1922, Pope
Pius XI extended the interval
between a pope’s death and the
opening of the conclave to a
maximum of 18 days. Pope Pius
XII, in his apostolic constitu
tion of December 8, 1945, "Va-
cantis Apostolic Sedis,” re
formed the entire body of rules
governing the conclave.
Because of the legislation
decreed by Pius XI and Pius
XII, the American and other
cardinals living at great dis
tance are now able to journey
to a conclave in time to parti
cipate in the voting. In 1878,
at the election of Pope Leo
XIII, John Cardinal McCloskey,
Archbishop of New York and
America's first and only car
dinal then, did not arrive in
time to vote, but was present
for the coronation on March 3,
1878.
First American cardinal to
vote in a papal election was the
Archbishop of Baltimore,
James Cardinal Gibbons, who
was present for both the elec
tion and coronation of Pope St.
Pius X in August 1903.
At the election of Pope Bene
dict XV, on September 3, 1914,
John Cardinal Farley, Archbis
hop of New York, was the only
American present. He was tra
veling in Switzerland when Pius
X died on August 20, 1914.
On the day after the Pope's
death, Cardinal Gibbons and
Boston’s William Cardinal
O’Connell had sailed from New
York for Naples, where they
landed on September 3, the very
day Pope Benedict was elected.
Again no American cardinal
was present for the election of
Pope Plus XI on February 6,
1922. For the second time Car
dinal O’Connell lost his race
across the Atlantic. In his first
audience with the new Pope he
spoke of his disappointment,
and Pius changed the regula
tions, extending the time, in a
new r Apostolic Constitution.
But even with this extension
of the time between the death of
a pope and the opening of a con
clave to elect another, Cardinal
O’Connell nearly missed the
opening of the conclave that
elected Pope Pius XII on March
2, 1939. The Cardinal was in
Nassau when he received word
on February 10 that Pius XI
had died, and had first to re
turn to the U. S. by boat be
fore going to Rome.
Philadelphia's Archbishop
Denis Cardinal Dougherty and
Chicago’s Archbishop George
Cardinal Mundelein had reach
ed New York in time to depart
on the liner Rex on February 11,
reaching Rome in ample time
for the election. Cardinal
O’Connell arrived at Naples on
the Neptunia on March 1, and
hastened by auto to Rome. He
was the last of the 62 Cardi
nals to arrive, reaching the
conclave chamber less than an
hour before the doors were
locked. It was the first time
that three U. S. cardinals voted
in a papal election.
to vote, only 51 entered the
1958 conclave. Cardinal Moo
ney, at age 76, died of a heart
attack at the North American
College on October 25, less
than two hours”before the con
clave opened. Cardinal Minds-
zenty, Archbishop of Eszter-
gom, Hungary, was unable to
be present, as he was in the
American Legation at Buda
pest, where he still maintains
asylum following the Hunga
rian revolution of 1956.
Alojzije Cardinal Stepinac,
Archbishop of Zagreb, who died
in 1960, was then confined in his
native village of Krasic by the
Yugoslav communist govern
ment. Thomas Cardinal Tien,
of Peking, now in exile, re
turned to Rome from Germany
in an ambulance, where he had
been hospitalized following an
auto accident, and arrived in
time to participate in the elec
tion of Pope John XXIIL
When Pope John XXII was
elected at the conclave of 1314
at Carpentras, France, the car
dinals had deliberated 24
months.
Now in the days of speedier
transatlantic liners and jet
planes, the trip to Rome pre
sents no great problem. How
ever, it is interesting to note
that to get to the conclave which
elected Pope John XXIII, on Oc
tober 28, 1958, Francis Cardi
nal Spellman, Archbishop of
New York, had his difficulties
of transport. When Pius XII
died on October 9, 1958, Car
dinal Spellman was on the high
seas returning to the United
States with some 600 pilgrims
aboard the Greek liner Olym
pia. The news came at 5 a.m.
The ship veered off course to
take the Cardinal to the Azores.
A launch met the ship and took
him to Terceira Island, whence
he was flown to the Island of
Santa Maria, where he caught a
Portuguese plane for Lisbon,
arriving there at 6 p.m. Thirty-
five minutes later he was en-
route by air to Rome, arriv
ing there at two minutes past
midnight. Detroit’s Archbishop
Edward Cardinal Mooney and
the Archbishop of Los Angeles,
James Francis Cardinal Mc
Intyre, also arrived before' the
beginning of the conclave.
Of the 55 cardinals eligible
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Appointment
VATICAN CITY, June 10 (Fa-
dio, NC)—Among the final acts
of Pope John XXII I was the
nomination of a new bishop in
Cuba. He is Father Adolfo Rod
riguez Herrera, 39, who will
be Auxiliary of Camaguey.
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