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h / TRAINED IN DIPLOMACY Complete Biography Of Pope Paul VI Giovanni Cardinal Montini, a veteran of some 30 years* ser vice in the Vatican Secretariat of State, has made his voice heard in behalf of die Church on many fronts since his ap pointment as head of the Milan, archdiocese in 1954. The new pope is of medium height, square build, and has blue eyes and a light complex ion. His manner is gentle and his voice soft, but he does not hesitate to use that voice ef fectively and often in defense of Christian ideas and ideals. CARDINAL Montini has achieved wide recognition for his unrelenting battle against communism. This has, to some extent, put in the shadow his activity as a builder of chur ches, his outstanding work in behalf of Italian Catholic Ac tion, his efforts toward the at tainment of Christian unity, and his pronouncements on the need for dynamic pastoral activity. About two years after Arch bishop Montini became head of the Milan archdiocese, which with its 3,750,000 Catholics is Italy's largest, he had built some 45 churches. He said at the time, 1957, that the See needed 40 more churches. About two and a half years later, he said the archdiocese needed 69 new churches. Stressing the importance of this building program, he said: "The program for the construc tion of new churches forms part of the general common under taking to save our city and our country from the religious and moral ruin toward which oppos ing forces endeavor to lead her.*’ THE CHURCH construction boom in Milan created a new idea, the apartment house cha pel, to which Cardinal Mon tini has given his approval. Many of the large cooperative apart ment houses in Milan now in clude a central chapel to serve all the tenants. When the months expenses are divided among the tenants, maintenance of the chapel is included. The Cardinal, who servedfor some 10 years as either ec clesiastical assistant or mode rator to the university section of Italian Catholic Action, has repeatedly stressed the need for Catholic youth to meet boldly* with the armor of Faith, the challenges of the modern world. In a speech in 1957, on the 90th anniversary of the found ing of the Italian Youth Move ment, he said: "It is up to youth to invade new regions of life, bringing to them Christian light and love. Defense is not enough for the Christian heart—there must be conquest.** FIVE YEARS before the Sec ond Vatican Council was con voked by John XXIII, Archbishop Montini cited the importance of an ecumenical attitude toward non-Catholics. "Is it well-professed ortho doxy to use truth as a hammer against others?" he asked in a Unity Octave sermon in Feb ruary, 1957. "...We must not only nourish an immense feel ing of charity towards our bro thers who have wandered as tray, we must also learn some thing from them." In January, 1962, Cardinal Montini made a statement that could be regarded as a foretell ing of the ecumenical council, which opened in October of that year. "Our spiritual attitude to ward them (non-Catholics) must change,** the Cardinal said in a pastoral letter. "We must no longer consider them irreduci ble and foreign enemies, but brothers who have been pain fully detached from the life tree of the one and only true Church of Christ. One must hope since rely that some new and great event may come to change this sad state of schism among Christians." PASTORAL function and or ganization have received much attention from the Cardinal. In July, 1957, while an archbishop, he spoke at the dedication in Milan of the Saranno House of Studies, where newly ordained priests study for a year the methods of pastoral practice. "A change in the methods and form of (pastoral) orga nization is necessary if the Gospel message is to reach that great audience represent ed by the common people," he said then. Cardinal Montini, who in 1953 was permitted by Pope Pius XII to refuse elevation to the car- dinalate, has long been an arch foe of communism. Six months after he was named Archbishop of Milan, he took the offensive against communism in the Lom bardy region of Italy by mak ing a speech in the suburb of Sesto San Giovanni, so power ful a Red stronghold at the time that it was called "The Little Stalingrad.*’ The Arch bishop drove home the point to the almost 100 per cent com munist workers that they had been duped by the lies of com munist leaders. IN A Lenten pastoral in 1956, Archbishop Montini warned that "every compromise of atheis tic communism hides a secret plan to disarm and subjugate whomever deals with it." In August, 1959, the Bishops of the Lombardy region, led by Cardinal Montini, warned in a long pastoral letter that "the propagation of Marxist Ideals in our country is still serious and dangerous.** Giovanni Battista Montini no doubt acquired much of his in terest in politics and diplomacy from his father, who servedfor three terms as a member of the Italian Parliament and was editor of a newspaper in Bres cia. The future Cardinal was born on September 26, 1897, in Con- cesio, located on the outskirts of Brescia. He received a can on law degree from the Pontifi cal Seminary in Milan and was awarded a degree in Theology from die Gregorian University in Rome. After his ordination on May 29, 1920, he served for a brief period as a parish priest and then enrolled in the Ecclesias tical Academy in Rome, where the Vatican’s diplomats are trained. HE WAS only 25 when he was named by Pope Pius XI to serve as an attache at the Papal Nun ciature in Warsaw in 1922. He was in this post for a year, then was appointed ecclesiastical assistant to the university sec tion of Italian Catholic Action and later its moderator. In 1932, at the age of 35, he was made a clerk in the Vati can Secretariat of State by Pope Pius XI, and four years later he was promoted to the position of undersecretary to the Papal Secretary of State. This office had been held by Pope Pius XII before his election to the pa pacy. In 1944 he was named a Vatican Substitute Secretary of State, together with the late Domenico Cardinal Tardini, and in 1952 he was named Pro- Secretary of State for Ordinary Affairs. In 1953, when Pius XII creat ed 24 new cardinals, he reveal ed that he had planned to name both Msgr. Montini and Msgr. Tardini as cardinals, but they had asked him not to do so. Referring to this in 1958, when he accepted elevation to the cardinalate during, the reign of Pope John XXIII, Cardinal Montini said: "Formerly, I was allowed to refuse this dignity. And for this favor I am grate ful to Pope Pius XIL..Now other circumstances compel me to accept, and for this other favor I am no less grateful to His Holiness Pope John XXIIL" IN NOVEMBER, 1954, Msgr. Montini was made an archbis hop and appointed to the See of Milan. He was enthroned in Mi lan’s cathedral on January 6, 1955. Eight months later he be gan a pastoral visitation of the 1,000 churches in the Milan ar chdiocese, a task that was to take him nearly two years to complete. Archbishop Montini was created a cardinal on De cember 15, 1958—the first to be created a cardinal by Pope John. Cardinal Montini has visited the U. S. twice, in 1951 and in 1960. At a reception in his hon or in 1951 at the headquarters of the National Catholic Welfare Conference in Washington, D. C., he lauded the work of Ame rica's Catholic schools and its Catholic press. Referring to the N.C.W.C., he said: "We have often heard of its activities and know how many valuable services it renders to the Church.*’ During his 1960 visit, die Cardinal said at a press con ference in Boston that he was "very pleased to see Catholics here taking such interest in the condition of the Church in South America.” HE SINGLED out for praise the missionary activities in South America of the Society of St. James the Apostle, founded by Richard Cardinal Cushing, Archbishop of Boston. In September, 1961, Cardinal Montini visited, at the request of Pope John XXIII, all the 24 spectators injured when a rac ing car hurtled off the tract at Italy’s Grand Prix at Monza. Pope John had instructed the Cardinal to bring his condolen ces to relatives of the victims. IN 1962 Cardinal Montini vi sited missions and cities in Ghana, Upper Volta, Nigeria and Southern Rhodesia. On his return to Milan, he said: "The Church in Africa is not regard ed as a colonizing power but as a friend who seeks to aid great ly the progress of the African people.** Cardinal Montini is on the staff of the Sacred Congrega tions of the Consistory, the Council, Extraordinary Eccle siastical Affairs, and Seminar ies and Universities. The Cardinal does not cush ion his words when speaking against lukewarm Christianity or other things he considers objectionable, but he is gentle and considerate in his role of chief pastor of the people. He spent the summer before he was created a cardinal in vi siting parishioners living in the remote mountain towns of the Milan archdiocese. During these visitations to die people —most of them farmers, shep herds or woodcarvers—Arch bishop Montini repeated die fol- 1 owing words to diem: "Because you are farther away and more humble, you are dearer to me**. IN HIS speeches, he has cri ticized writers who say they need "to have experience of evil,** scored priests who have a narrow concept of their du ties, cited die need for Catho lics to defend their press, at tacked die obscurity in some modern art, and warned against attempts to dilute ecclesiastical authority. Excerpts from the speeches the Cardinal has made on seve ral subjects follow: e On writing: "The tempta tion for knowledge of evil has a 1897, SEPTEMBER 26, 1920, May 29, ‘ 1922 1932 1936 1944 1951 1952 1953 1954, November 1 1958, December 15, 1960 1962 1963, June 21, NEW ORLEANS, (NC)—A priest arrived at a local radio station to lead the Holy Name men of his parish in the Ro sary. To his dismay he found that he was the only person present—but he decided to go it alone. The announcer, seeing the priest’s plight, introduced the strong attraction. There are those who say that it is neces sary to have experience of evil to write about good. This is not true. Above all things, keep yourselves pure and do not be afraid to put great theses in your writings.*’ (Address to third National Congress of Ita lian Writers, September, 1956). • On pastoral ministry: The Cardinal spoke out in Septem ber, 1958, in Milan against "the many parish priests, particu larly in cities, who resign them selves to practicing their mi nistry for those people who at tend church and thus find their pastoral zeal satisfied." He stressed the need for pastors to learn "all those elements in spired by a great love for souls which must be exercised to at- VATICAN CITY, (NC)—His Holiness Pope Paul VI has again promised to work for peace and has told priests that the modern world has more need for their mission than any previous age. Pope Paul spoke to diplomats accredited to the Holy See and the pastors of Rome in the first official audiences of his reign. SPEAKING to the diplomats, Pope Paul pledged to continue seeking peace "on the four pil lars of truth, justice, love and liberty.** He referred to Pope John XXIII*s peace encyclical, Pacem in Terris, and stressed the respect of the Holy See for all nations. He greeted among the diplo matic corps **friendly faces which bring back dear memor ies" of service in the Papal Secretariat of State. The Roman pastors—receiv ed in the Vatican’s Clementine Hall—were led by Clemente Cardinal Mlcara, Vicar General of Rome, and Luigi Cardinal Traglia, Pro-Vicar General of Rome. POPE Paul noted that "the first title of Our mission and of Our authority is that of be ing Bishop of Rome." He added that "the splendor of sanctity and the wealth of religious tra ditions for which Rome is first and unique in the world fasci- Born in Concesio, on outskirts of Brescia. Ordained at age of 23. Named by Pope Pius XI as at tache at apostolic nunciature in Warsaw. Held post for one year. Became clerk in Vatican Secre tariat of State. Appointed undersecretary of state. Named one of two Substitute Sec retaries of State by Pius XIL Spent three-week holiday in North. America. Named Pro-Secretary of State for Ordinary Affairs. Pope Plus XII revealed he planned to name Msgr. Montini a cardinal, but had been asked by the Mon signor not to give him this honor. Named Archbishop of Milan. Named to Sacred College of Car dinals by John XXIIL Re-visited United States. Made extensive trip in Africa, visiting missions. Rosary broadcast and then dashed into the studio and gave the responses, thus saving the day. Following the program the grateful priest thanked the an nouncer and a6ked the name of his parish. The announcer re plied that his parish was Temple Sinai, a Jewish synagogue. tract the lambs outside the flock.** • On the Catholic press: Ca tholics have "the honor of de fending it, the obligation of pro pagating it and the need to make it live in themselves and in the world,*’ the Cardinal said on December 4, 1960. • On modem art: Artists "seem to have abandoned the idea of producing works which are intelligible," and critics "use language that requires a special knowledge in order to understand the meaning,** the Cardinal told a congress of ar tists in March, 1963. "We, the audience, make pathetic ef forts to understand at least something. We believed that the kingdom of art was beati- nates and stirs Our spirit.** The Pope continued: "We know the religious life of Rome fairly well since We spent 34 years of Our priesthood here, and since We knew here most worthy and dear people, most pious holy places and tradi tions so rich in regal splendor and popular sincerity.** Pope Paul added: "BUT We are also aware of the new religious needs of the city, of the practical difficulties of satisfying them and of the formidable questions created for pastoral action by the cos mopolitan character of the city, its expansion and the invasion of all currents of modern cul ture and morals. "It is to these that We and you must devote our very first attention. THE evangelization of the modem world, profane and hos tile to religion, depends chief ly on the clergy, Pope Paul said. "Probably no age but the present, either by nature or by meditated intention, has been so historically alien and contrary to the priesthood and its re ligious mission," he said. "At the same time, no age but ours has shown itself so needful, and, We should say, more sue We should say, more suscep tible-opening a great hope be fore us, as it were—to the pas toral assistance of good and zealour priests. **Not indeed that other count less vocations and functions of the Church of God should be passed over or forgotten. Cer tainly not. And not indeed that the parochial structure can alone provide and respond to the manifold and complex needs of Christian evangelization and formation. "NOT indeed, We hasten to add, that the laity, Our very dear and most worthy Catholic laity is superfluous in the great and common effort which strives to make Christ live in the world. But We believe, simply, that this ancient and venerable in stitution of the parish has an in dispensable mission of great reality." Pope Paul concluded the au dience with the Rome clergy by assuring them of his "paternal solidarity" and making "the recommendation, in a matter which We have greatly at heart, that you give every assistance to the young." At the end of the audience the Pope gave Cardinal Micara a large but unspecified sum for the poor of Rome. He later received the diplo mats in the Consistorial Hall. That audience began with an ad dress by Baron Prosper Pos- wlck, Ambassador of Belgium and dean of the diplomatic corps. Baron Poswick cited the words of the late Pope John: "We have undertaken big things but, should Our hour come be fore they have been brought to a conclusion, this will cause Us no uneasiness. God will provide another to continue them." THE Belgian Ambassador tude, whereas today it is pain and confusion." • On ecclesiastical authori ty: "Here and there come peo ple with ludicrous temerity speak of ’humble disobedience* to the hierarchy as a right and as a brilliant discovery of the spiritual life," the Cardinal said in a sermon in May, 1963. "The clear and responsible in structions of ecclesiastical au thority are vivisected to find through sophistry' and casuis try the necessary arguments for evading their grave mean ing. What is missing is a sin cere and loyal sense of the Church.' What is wanting is an understanding of the inviolable and generic principle of the living Church which is its in terior, beloved and declared unity* told Pope Paul: "Your Holi ness was that ‘other one’ and we cannot help thinking that within the conclave the (ecu menical) council was the pri mary reason for your election." Baron Poswick also recall ed Pope Paul’s memorial ser mon on Pope John, preached when he was Archbishop of Mi lan, in which the new Pontiff said: "John XXIII traced cer tain directives for our road which it would be not only wise to remember, but to follow." The ambassador concluded: "Thus, Holy Father, for us who represent 50 nations at the Holy See it is comforting to know that you will maintain this tru ly ecumenical course, directed not only to your lambs but to ward the whole of humanity." Pope Paul, responding in French, called the audience "almost a family reunion, a meeting in which, after a few years, friendly faces which bring back dear memories are seen again." HE recalled that it was not too many years ago when “We received the heads of the dip lomatic missions every week in the offices of the Secretariat of State.” The Pope greeted the diplo mats by saying: "Following the teachings of Our predecessors— and We re fer particularly to the encycli cal, Pacem in Terris — it seems almost superfluous to remind you of the respect which the Church has for the dignity and the mission of each of the countries of the world; both for those which are outstanding for a long past of history and culture and for those which have achieved independence in our days and which have taken their place in international institu tions. "To each and all, to their people, their leaders and their governments, the new Pope ad dresses at this moment, with a full and confident heart, his greetings and good wishes." Then, speaking from his ex perience as a diplomat of the Holy See, Pope Paul issued a statement of principles: "The Holy See does not in tend...to Intervene in affairs and interests pertaining to tem poral powers. It aims to favor everywhere the profession of certain fundamental principles of civilization and humanity, of which the Catholic religion is the watchful guardian, and to make them penetrate minds and institutions." He said that "on their ob servance rests the harmony of international rights and duties, and the great human family de pends on their activationforthe establishment of a true peace, that priceless treasure, of in dividuals and peoples." He declared that "one of the duties of the Pope, to which Our unforgettable predecessor gave special brilliance, is the duty of contributing toward the estab lishment of that peace based, as he authoritatively proclaimed, on the four pillars of truth, justice, love and liberty." I Significant Dates In Papal Career Here are some significant dates in the life of His Holiness Pope Paul VI: Elected by Sacred College of Cardinals as 260th Pope. ABIE’S IRISH ROSE (ARY) TRUTH. JUSTICE. LOVE. LIBERTY’ Priestly Work Is Need Of World - Pope Paul THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1963 GEORGIA BULLETIN PAGE 7 CLASSIFIEDS SITUATION wanted female| BUSINESS SERVICES COMPANION - Will Take care of elderly person weekends. References. Phone: 457-6917 *** PIANOS TUNED, REBUILT 30 YEARS EXPERIENCE PHONE: Me 6-S201 MISCELLANEOUS 1 r s~\ n /•‘Air- ! FOR SALE :■ WANTED 5 PIECE CHROME dinette set - 30 x 48 inches, extension table. 12 inch leaf. $25. Phone 938-1443 BUSINESS WOMAN to share my home. Walking distance to Christ the King. References exchanged. Phone: CE 7-0027 REAL ESTATE EOR SALE 4211 OAK FOREST DR., N.E. OAK FOREST HILLS Charming Antique Brick Colonial split level. 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