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PAGE 2 GEORGIA BULLETIN THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1964 AFRICAN BISHOPS SAY Prelate’s Apartheid View Not That Of Heirarchy CAPE TOWN, South Africa (NC) —The chairman of the South African Bishops* Con ference declared here that a statement by Archbishop William P. Whelan, O.M.I., of Bloemfontein upholding this nation’s policy of apartheid— strict race segregation—was a personal one and not the of ficial stand of the Church. The chairman, Archbishop Owen McCann of Cape Town, countered assertions that Arch bishop Whelan’s statement was made on behalf of the South African Hierarchy. He said that if Archbishop Whelan had intended making an official statement, it would have first had to be approved by the Bi shops’ Conference, That body did not discuss it, and there fore it was not an official statement, Archbishop McCann said. THE CAPE TOWN Arch bishop said that Archbishop Whelan was entitled to his own views as head of the Bloem fontein archdiocese, but that those views were not those of the Bishops’ Conference. But, he added, insofar as Archbishop Whelan quoted the joint state ments of the South Africa Bi shops, he was setting forth the official attitude of the Church. At the same time, Archbishop Denis Hurley, O.M.I., of Dur ban declared that it would be “completely erroneous” to re gard Archbishop Whelan’s views as the official Church position. Archbishop Hurley said; “ANY REPORT that this is the official attitude of the Church is completely er roneous, Just as when I make my speeches I do not expect my views to be binding on the Church, so Archbishop Whelan’s views are in no way the Church’s official attitude.” Archbishop John Garner of Pretoria—this country’s fourth archbishop—declined to com ment on Archbishop Whelan’s statement until after the plenary meeting of the Bishops' Con ference scheduled to begin in his See city on Feb. 22. Ed Curtin Presents ALLEN COLLAY SEXTET — Flue 5:30 TO 7:30 BILL FARMER TRIO Chatter • Humor • Mun; Let Our Lounge Bo Your Afternoon ond Ivoning Ret root DANCE AT THE Sand Sauci 760 Woit rtroo TR. 5-4251 ARCHBISHOPS McCann and Hurley spoke out after South African government agencies, including the republic’s infor mation service in New York, had released Archbishop Whelan's statement with the as sertion that “the Roman Ca tholic Church of South Africa today issued a statement clari fying the attitude of the Church toward South Africa’s racial policy, apartheid,” Archbishop Whelan himself emphasized after releasing his statement that it was not made on behalf of the Bishops’ Con ference. But he said that the statement was not a purely private expression of his views as Archbishop of Bloemfontien. He said it was released taking into account his responsibility to the Church as Director of the Press, Cinema and Radio Department of the Bishops’ Conference. He said it was based on the encyclicals of Pope John XXIII and on statements made over the years by the Bishops’ Con ference. He singled out a 1952 Bishops’ statement which said that “the great majority of non- Europeans and particularly Africans, have not yet reached a state of development justi fying integration.” ARCHBISHOP Whelan’s state ment was issued (Feb, 19) to the whole South African press through the South African Press Association so that it could ap pear in all papers at the same time it was published in the Cape Town Catholic weekly, The Southern Cross. The statement caused a sen sation throughout South Africa and a furor among the country’s Catholics. It was the front page lead in the Cape Town daily of the ruling Nationalist party, Die Burger, and featured by the South African Broadcasting Corporation. It was also the main story in the Cape Argus, organ of the United party. THE PRELATE who issued the statement is 56 and a native of Wakkerstroom, South Africa. Archbishop Whelan was ordain ed in 1931, named Bishop of Johannesburg in 1951 and ap pointed to his present post in 1954. He said in the statement that South Africa’s current social and political difficulties can have a good outcome without necessarily abandoning apart heid. ARCHBISHOP Whelan's stand was regarded as an answer to a speech delivered by Arch bishop Hurley here on Jan. 16. In that address, the Durban archbishop asserted that apartheid, as envisioned in South Africa, “cannot be pur sued without injustice and is therefore not in accord with the Christian ethic,” The evil of apartheid, said Office Equipment Business Machines Sales-Service-Supplies PHONE 525-6417 ILXiB Campony PHONE 525-6417 172 WHITEHALL STREET, S.W. ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA TAX RETURNS TURNER AUDITING SERVICE 2355 MATHEWS ST. N.E. CE 3-3584 Archbishop Hurley, is that it refuses recognition of human dignity, “and by every cruel refinement of law, custom and convention pours scorn on the humanity of men and women created with an inborn hunger for recognition, for acceptance by their fellow men.” ARCHBISHOP Whelan said in statement, issued as an inter view, that South African apartheid as a whole has never been officially. . . condemned by the Catholic Church. Then asked whether there are ‘Items in the present government’s policy which could be consid ered immoral,” he replied: “It is common knowledge that the application of several pro visions of our racial legislation involve hardship and injury to conditions of Bantu urban em ployment; unreasonable job re servation; restriction of the freedom of the Bantu worker to improve his economic and social position; restriction on the freedom of the Bantu worker to choose his employer, to alternate employment, or to offer his services to the high est bidder; restriction on the place of abode which sep arates members of the same family.” BUT ARCHBISHOP Whelan said that the crucial point at issue is whether apartheid is Inherently wrong in itself, not the actual laws which the government makes to im plement it. On this question he declared: ‘•There is no teaching of the Church in opposition to the idea of a state composed of a number of national or racial groups, maintained in their separate and distinct identity by the state of which they form a part. This is clear from the Church's attitude concerning the rights of national minorit ies, so hotly debated during the first 50 years of this century. ‘THIS HAS been reiterated recently in Pope John's encycli cal Peace on Earth.The Church has often declared that public authorities have an obligation to assist the cultural and racial groups in a pluralistic state in their distinctive develop ment.” PRIEST ASKS ROMAN ROTA Found Radziwill Marriage Null CARDINAL AT AWARDS CEREMONY—Hubert Locke (left), executive director of the Citizens’ Committee for Equal Opportunity, is shown in Detroit presenting a special cita tion to Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York, at a ceremony observing annual National Negro History Week. The cardinal was cited by Detroit’s Negro com munity for his “forthright and unequivocal stand on inter-racial justice.” Receiving cita tions also were Dr. Benjamin Mays (right), president of Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., and Leslie Shaw of Los Angeles, Calif., the only Nejro postmaster in the U.S. NCWC OFFICIAL Disputes South African Bishop On Race Policy (The author of the following article, which disputes the the4 sis that Catholic social doctrine can tolerate enforced segrega tion, is the assistant director of the Social Action Department of the National Catholic Wel fare Conference. Long active in the movementfor racial justice, he was one of three clergymen who presented a joint statement to a congressional committee in September backing the ad ministration’s civil rights pro gram.) By Father John F. Cronin, S.S. (N. C. W. C. NEWS SERVICE) The conflict on racial segre gation among the Catholic arch bishops of South Africa was widely reported in the American press. It is already being used to discredit the 1958 stand of the Catholic Bishops of the United States. Our Bishops said: “Legal segregation, or any form of compulsory segregation, in it- ‘Should Theologian Huff If We Puff ?’ yi * UYBEHT/ TCOMPANY • MINTING 1/ TRinity 550 FORREST ROAD, N, 1, * LITHOGRAPHING 5-4717 ATLANTA, GEORGIA Strvint Atlanta Sint* Jilt NEW YORK (RNS)— A fun- loving priest and pastor, un fortunately anonymous, twits theologians for their statements on smoking and morality in a letter that seems to be gain ing circulation in mimeograph ed form throughout the East. “For those who are interest ed,” the priest wrote, “I don’t think smoking to any degree is sinful, venially or mortally, unless the cigarettes or cigars are stolen or the smoker keeps at it until he suffocates. ", . .Theologians must not huff because people like to puff.” RNS RECEIVED the “past oral” from a distinguished priest known to Catholics and Protestants for work in the Christian unity field; he had re ceived it from- a “nearby seminary” which had received it from another seminary. At that point research ended and the author arbitrarily was identified as Father John J. Anon, In discussing recent com ments of theologians, spurred by the link of cancer to cigarettes, Father Anon said “basically it’s a matter of num bers: “OVER TWO packs daily will land you in Purgatory, while smoking after a doctor warns you that the habit is bringing you to an early grave may mean hell fire. Smoke now and burn hereafter. . , “I don’t mean to be or sound impious or like an angry iconoc last. I just think someone ought to stop theologians from dis covering new sins whenever logic seems to trap such crit ters. “I THINK moral pronounce ments on smoking cigarettes contribute not to piety and up right, but merely to scrupulosi ty. In a word, it’s the old pastime of straining at gnats. But then, perhaps even theologians have to have psychological compen sations In their work. ’As un derstanding as 1 like to be, I also must protest this unneces sary extension of the devil’s domain. “While I enjoy no degree in theology, as a priest and pastor I’m entitled to express my opin ion on these questions until an authoritative pronouncement is issued to the contrary, . . “I THINK people sin against health when an act is performed that knowingly injures them NOW (that is, within a reason able period of time), certainly not years or decades later. I may be wrong, but as I un derstand it, the stewardship of our bodies does not impose an obligation to strive for longevity. To protect the health is one thing; to make a career of it is something else. Heck, we’re only human and life isn’t that wonderful that we have to keep squeezing every last moment from it.” Father Anon wrote that he supposed “the next thing we’ll be told is that everyone must get to bed by 9 p.m. because some study has shown that people who get to bed late have triple the mortality rate of those who sack in early. “THEREAFTER it will be considered a venial sin to watch the Late Show and a mortal sta to watch the Late, Late Show, unless it’s done only once a week.. .or less.” self and by its very nature im poses a stigma of inferiority upon the segregated people.... We cannot reconcile such a judgment with the Christian view of man's nature and rights. YET ARCHBISHOP William P. Whelan, O.M.I., of Bloemfon tein wrote that apartheid, which involves extensive segregation, is not immoral. While admitting that the actual application in South Africa does lead to ser ious injustices, he holds that separate development of the races can be defended. He quotes as justification Pope John XXIII's Pacem in Terris, which upholds in a qualified fashion die rights of minorities within a nation to some degree of cultural independence. It is only a partial l answer to Archbishop Whelan to note that Archbishops Owen McCann of Cape Town and Denis Hurley, O.M.I., of Durban took excep tion to his position. They held that he was speaking only for himself and that his views could not be interpreted as the offi cial position of the Church in South Africa. Still the question is going to be asked: If segre gation is immoral in the United States, how can it be moral in the Archdiocese of Bloemfon tein? TO ANSWER this question, we must distinguish between clear moral principles and the application of these principles to concrete social and political conditions. For example, it is immoral to risk one’s health unnecessarily. Does this mean that boxing or cigarette smok ing are immoral? Much depends on circumstances, and even here there may be differences of opinion among theologians. In regard to the race prob lem, it is clear that all men are fundamentally equal in the sight of God. People do differ in ability, character, tempera ment, and cultural background. But such differences do not af fect their basic rights and their moral equality. IN THE judgment of the American Bishops, compulsory segregation here does lead to discrimination and the violation of the rights of the Negro. Seg regation was tolerated for many decades, in the hope that sepa rate development would lead to cultural equality and an even tual voluntary abolition of en forced distinctions. It was clear by 1958 that such a hope was empty. Hence our Bishops con cluded that segregation, by its very nature, was infringing on basic human rights of the Negro. The views of Archbishop Whelan are similar to those held by Americans who formerly tried to justify segregation. He holds that, given the wide cul tural differences between Negro and white in South Africa, Negro rights will best be protected by separate development. He is making his moral judgment on the basis of conditions that are enormously different from those in the United States. Even in this judgment, he evokes dis agreement from his fellow archbishops. IT IS NOT for us to enter in to this controversy. We must simply restate the fact that, un der American conditions, our bishops have judged compulsory segregation to be Immoral. This is an authoritative judgment and it should help American Catho lics in forming their conscien ces on the problem. We do feel, however, that Archbishop Whelan has misin terpreted Pacem in Terris. Pope John was speaking of the rights of minorities to claim separate treatment within a state. He was not justifying the imposition of such separa tion against their will. On the contrary, the entire encyclical is a ringing declaration in fav or of giving basic human rights to every person. THE CORRECTNESS of Arch bishop Whelan’s judgment of South African conditions is to be judged by his peers in that country. His arguments must stand or fall in that court. They certainly cannot be sustained by an appeal to Pacem in Terris. (N.C.W.C. NEWS SERVICE) The Sacred Roman Rota in 1962 found null the previous marriage of Princess Caroline Lee Radziwill, sister of Mrs. John F. Kennedy. Reports of the official de claration of nullity were con firmed here by the Princess’ lawyer, Fernando Della Rocca. He refused to specify the grounds of nullity. ROCCA SAID, however, that the Rota issued two judgments in the case: one on Oct, 6, 1962, and a second on Nov. 24, 1962. Regularization of the mar riage of Prince Stanislas Radzi will and the Princess took place in Westminister Cathedral, London, on July 3, 1963, ac cording to Rocca. The couple had gone through a civil cere mony in 1959. THE CATHEDRAL admini strator, then - Msgr. James Gordon Wheeler, was the wit nessing minister, he said. Msgr. Wheeler was named Coadjutor Bishop of Middles brough on Feb. 11, 1964. “It was a hard and difficult struggle,” Rocca said, “in which canonical legislation re garding matrimonial cases was applied with unimpeachable justice after an inquiry so strict that' it made one think of a mathematical table. “IT TOOK four years, sev eral hundred pages written in Latin and many witnesses be fore the matter was concluded.” Princess Radziwill, the former Caroline Lee Bouvier, was married in 1953 in a Ca tholic ceremony in Washington, D, C., to Michael T. Canfield, a non-Catholic. The marriage was terminated by a civil di vorce. THE REASON for the Rota’s declaration of nullity has not been disclosed. But it is un derstood it was defect of con sent—an impediment that in validates marriage because of the lack of full and deliberate consent to it by one of the parties. The Sunday News of New York, in a copyrighted report, said (Feb. 16) it has AUXILIARIES DIRECTOR Says Women Should Have Church Role CHICAGO piC)—A Catholic laywoman said here that wo men should have a greater in fluence in Church activities. Speakln g at Loyola Uni versity, Virginia Leary, direct or of the U. S. Center in Evanston, HI., for the Inter national Catholic Auxiliaries, said there has been some new thinking regarding the place of women in the Church, but noted that women did not even have a listener’s role at the Vatican council. “WOMEN COMPRISE one- half of the population,” he said. “If they take an active role in the Church we are doubling the talents, intelligence and energy of Christianity. “The need for a greater role for women in the Church is not based on any desire fo r the emancipation of women, nor on any envy of the role of man, nor least of all on the desire to compete with men. Rather, it is based on the fact that the woman is first of all a Marquette Bans Bircher’s Talk MILWAUKEE (NC) — Permls- slon was declined for Revilo Oliver, University of Illinois professor, who is a John Birch Society national committee member, to speak April 2 at Marquette University operated by the Jesuits here. Oliver, a classics professor, was to speak under the spon sorship of the university's Young Republican Club. human being, an individual with her own specific contribution to make.” Miss Leary said less em phasis should be placed on a woman’s sex and more on her personal response to the love of God. NELSON RIVES REALTY INC. 3669 CLA1RMONT ROAD CHAMBLEE, GEORGIA REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE SALES, RENTALS RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROPERTY PHONE: 451-2323 reports the marriage was found invalid because Canfield had no intention of having child ren. PRINCE RADZIWILL, a member of the formek Polish aristocracy and a British sub ject since 1951, was married twice before his marriage to the former Miss Bouvier. His first marriage, to a Czech girl, ended in a civil divorce and was judged null by a Church court. His second marriage was civil one and hence not recognized by the Church, His second wife re married in a Catholic cere mony on July 16, 1961. 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